<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reboredo, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pais, Joao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution of forest cover in Portugal: A review of the 12th-20th centuries</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest cover change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest economics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest exploitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249 - 256</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal's forests in the 12th century were dominated by the Fagaceae represented by Quercus and Castanea, and several pine species. From the 12th century onwards, forests underwent changes in their management starting with protection and ultimately leading to intense exploitation. The massive naval construction during the maritime expansion (mainly in the 15th-16th centuries) involved felling of approximately 5 million trees mainly Quercus suber, Pious pinea and other Quercus species. Cumulative fuel-wood consumption of 959 Mm(3) during 1300-1854 was attributed to demographic expansion while the deforestation rate during 1636-1854 accounted for a minimum of 72.6% and a maximum of 96% of total forest cover. The volume of timber used in railway sleepers from 1856 onwards might have reached 0.5 Mm(3). The last quarter of the 20th century increased the forest cover of Portugal through the World Bank program of Eucalyptus globulus reforestation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: NO 26 HEXING RD, XIANGFANG DISTRICT, HARBIN, 150040, PEOPLES R CHINA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: NORTHEAST FORESTRY UNIV</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Godinho, Sérgio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mestre, Frederico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, JoaquimP</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Machado, Rui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Pedro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effectiveness of habitat management in the recovery of low-density populations of wild rabbit</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Wildlife Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oryctolagus cuniculus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Season</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-013-0738-3</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">847 - 858</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding the relationship between spatial patterns of landscape attributes and population presence and abundance is essential for understanding population processes as well as supporting management and conservation strategies. This study evaluates the influence of three factors: environment, habitat management, and season on the presence and abundance of the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), an important prey species for Mediterranean endangered predator species. To address this issue, we estimated wild rabbit presence and abundance by latrine counting in transects located in 45 plots within a 250 × 250 m grid from June 2007 until June 2009 in a 1,200 ha hunting area in southern Portugal. We then analyzed how wild rabbit presence and abundance correlate with the aforementioned factors. Our results showed that the main variable influencing wild rabbit presence and abundance was the distance to the artificial warrens. North and northeast slope directions were negatively related to wild rabbit presence. Conversely, rabbit presence was positively correlated with short distances to ecotone, artificial warrens, and spring. Regarding rabbit abundance, in addition to artificial warrens, soft soils, bushes, and season also had a positive effect. We found that environmental variables, management practices, and season each affect wild rabbit presence and abundance differently at a home range scale in low-density population. Thus, our major recommendations are reducing the distance to artificial warrens and ecotone, ideally to less than 100 m, and promoting habitat quality improvement on slopes with plenty of sun exposure.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carvalho-Ribeiro, Sónia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramos, Isabel Loupa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madeira, Luís</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barroso, Filipe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menezes, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto Correia, Teresa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Is land cover an important asset for addressing the subjective landscape dimensions?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Use Policy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alentejo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cultural landscapes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape identity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social representations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264837713000781</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50 - 60</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper explores which physical landscape components relate to subjective landscape dimensions. The ways in which people describe their surrounding cultural landscape was analyzed through an assess- ment of their representations of it. A special focus was placed on assessing the role of land cover as a means to communicate landscape meanings regarding a specific geographical region. The methodological framework was built on the basis of a questionnaire survey, multivariate statistical analysis and map- ping approaches. This research shows that there is a set of physical landscape components that relate to subjective landscape dimensions which can be disclosed through the assessment of social representa- tions. Enhancing and safeguarding those physical landscape components associated with the subjective landscape dimensions are important aspects in both framing and targeting land cover/use policies and decision making. Results also suggest that land cover can be understood as an important asset for describ- ing landscapes as more than 30% of respondents referred to it when asked to represent the case study region of Alentejo in southern Portugal. This might mean that in addition to objective ecological and bio- logical functions, land cover is also an important asset for evaluating subjective landscape dimensions in line with place attachment and landscape identity. Finally, the ways in which the empirical material gathered here can be used to inform policy and planning are explored.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-García, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, Ana Cláudia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroja, Luis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life-cycle assessment of typical Portuguese cork oak woodlands.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Science of the total environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forestry: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reproduction cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">452-453</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">355-364</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork forest systems are responsible for making an important economic contribution to the Mediterranean region, especially Portugal where the cork oak woodlands or montados contain about 32% of the world's area. The environmental profile derived from reproduction cork production and extraction in two Portuguese regions (Tagus valley and Alentejo) representative of the Portuguese sector were assessed in detail using the Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology from a cradle-to-gate perspective. The production line was divided into four stages considering all the processes involved: stand establishment, stand management, cork stripping and field recovery. According to the environmental results, there were remarkable differences between the two production scenarios mainly due to the intensity and repetition of forest activities even though the cork yield was reported to be the same. The management system in the Alentejo region presented the worse environmental profile in almost all the impact categories under assessment, mainly due to the shorter cycle duration of the mechanical cleaning and pruning processes. Cork stripping was identified in both scenarios as the production stage with the highest contribution to the environmental profile due to the cleaning and pruning processes. A sensitivity assessment concerning the cork yield was performed since the average production yields in the Portuguese montados are lower than the ones used in this study. Thus, if the cork yield is reduced, the environmental profile in both scenarios gets worse since almost all the forest activities involved are the same.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23534999</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azevedo, J.C. C C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Possacos, a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aguiar, C.F. F F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amado, a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miguel, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loureiro, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, P.M. M M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of holm oak edges in the control of disturbance and conservation of plant diversity in fire-prone landscapes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edges</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus rotundifolia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">297</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-48</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia) woodlands have been able to persist in ﬁre-prone landscapes in northern Portugal where they seem to play a relevant role in community and landscape level patterns and processes, namely in the control of disturbance events and in the maintenance of biodiversity. In this research we tested the following hypotheses: (i) holm oak woodlands affect ﬁre behavior, mainly by disrupting and delaying ﬁre spread; (ii) disruption and delaying of ﬁre spread is due to ﬁre extinction at the edge of woodlands; and (iii) plant diversity is favored by frequent low-intensity ﬁres as a result of the control of ﬁre spread by holm oak woodland edges. We sampled herbaceous, shrub and tree structure and herbaceous plant composition across edges of holm oak woodlands with known recent contact with ﬁre. Using BehavePlus we converted structural data into fuel models and simulated ﬁre behavior for the locations sampled along the exterior–interior gradient of the woodlands. Our results indicate that holm oak woodlands play a relevant role in the control of ﬁre spread and in the maintenance of plant diversity. We found differences in simulated maximum rate of ﬁre spread (ROS) and ﬁreline intensity (FLI) between outside and inside woodlands as well as a 100% probability of ﬁre extinction when fuel moisture was &gt;12% and wind speed at 10 m aboveground was &lt;40 km h1 , supporting the self-extinction hypothesis. We found also that richness and abundance of herbaceous plants varied between the interior and exterior of the woodland, with higher values outside the woodland, and that plant composition along the interior– exterior gradient had distinct patterns. These variables and the pattern of plant distribution were also signiﬁcantly affected by time since last ﬁre event. We conclude that holm oak woodlands affect ﬁre behavior by interrupting ﬁre spread at the edge zone and that ﬁre-created edges affect herbaceous plant species richness, abundance and distribution by maintaining habitat diversity, which increased plant diversity at patch and landscape levels. Based on our results and other evidence, we developed a conceptual model of the dynamics of ﬁre, landscape structure, and plant diversity in ﬁre-prone landscapes where holm oak patches persist.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Andrés, Juan Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borge, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de la Paz, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lumbreras, Julio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez, Encarnación</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation of a module for risk of ozone impacts assessment to vegetation in the Integrated Assessment Modelling system for the Iberian Peninsula. Evaluation for wheat and Holm oak.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollutants: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollutants: toxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CMAQ WRF</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone risk assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone: toxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Triticum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Triticum: drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Triticum: growth &amp; development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22398018</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">165</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25 - 37</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A module to estimate risks of ozone damage to vegetation has been implemented in the Integrated Assessment Modelling system for the Iberian Peninsula. It was applied to compute three different indexes for wheat and Holm oak; daylight AOT40 (cumulative ozone concentration over 40 ppb), cumulative ozone exposure index according to the Directive 2008/50/EC (AOT40-D) and POD(Y) (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose over a given threshold of Y nmol m(-2) s(-1)). The use of these indexes led to remarkable differences in spatial patterns of relative ozone risks on vegetation. Ozone critical levels were exceeded in most of the modelling domain and soil moisture content was found to have a significant impact on the results. According to the outputs of the model, daylight AOT40 constitutes a more conservative index than the AOT40-D. Additionally, flux-based estimations indicate high risk areas in Portugal for both wheat and Holm oak that are not identified by AOT-based methods.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 22398018</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ermilov, Sergey G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shtanchaeva, Umukusum Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subías, Luis S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new species of Metabelbella (Acari: Oribatida: Damaeidae) from Quercus forests of southern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Acarology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">checklist</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fauna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">key</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metabelbella</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">new species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oribatida</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus forests</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2011.645284</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">282 - 289</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the course of studies of the oribatid fauna of oak forests from southern Portugal, we found representatives of 60 species (51 genera and 38 families) of which 39 species are registered for the first time for Portugal. One new species, Metabelbella epidamaeiformis sp. nov., is described. It is clearly distinguishable from all other species of the genus by the presence of spinae adnatae. An identification key to known Iberian species of Metabelbella is presented. A checklist, the locality and the distribution of all oribatid taxa recorded by us are presented.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/01647954.2011.645284doi: 10.1080/01647954.2011.645284The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barreto, Maria C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Houbraken, Jos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samson, Robert A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brito, Dulce</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gadanho, Mário</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Romão, Maria V</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unveiling the fungal mycobiota present throughout the cork stopper manufacturing process</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEMS Microbiology Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cloning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">denaturing gel electrophoresis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungi: classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungi: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humidity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metagenome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mycobiota diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penicillium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penicillium: classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penicillium: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Bark: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribosomal Spacer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribosomal Spacer: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">uncultivable fungal species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">202-214</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A particular fungal population is present in the main stages of the manufacturing process of cork discs. Its diversity was studied using both dependent (isolation) and independent culture methods (denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis and cloning of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region). The mycobiota in the samples taken in the stages before and after the first boiling seems to be distinct from the population in the subsequent manufacturing stages. Most isolated fungi belong to the genera Penicillium, Eurotium and Cladosporium. The presence of uncultivable fungi, Ascomycota and endophytes in raw cork was confirmed by sequencing. The samples taken after the first boiling contained uncultivable fungi, but in a few samples some isolated fungi were also detected. The main taxa present in the following stages were Chrysonilia sitophila, Penicillium glabrum and Penicillium spp. All applied techniques had complementary outcomes. The main factors driving the shift in cork fungal colonization seem to be the high levels of humidity and temperature to which the slabs are subjected during the boiling process.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22630140</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simonson, William D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, Harriet D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coomes, David A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Use of an airborne lidar system to model plant species composition and diversity of Mediterranean oak forests.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cluster analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation of Natural Resources</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation of Natural Resources: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">predictive modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote Sensing Technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote Sensing Technology: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vascular plants</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">840-850</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Airborne lidar is a remote-sensing tool of increasing importance in ecological and conservation research due to its ability to characterize three-dimensional vegetation structure. If different aspects of plant species diversity and composition can be related to vegetation structure, landscape-level assessments of plant communities may be possible. We examined this possibility for Mediterranean oak forests in southern Portugal, which are rich in biological diversity but also threatened. We compared data from a discrete, first-and-last return lidar data set collected for 31 plots of cork oak (Quercus suber) and Algerian oak (Quercus canariensis) forest with field data to test whether lidar can be used to predict the vertical structure of vegetation, diversity of plant species, and community type. Lidar- and field-measured structural data were significantly correlated (up to r= 0.85). Diversity of forest species was significantly associated with lidar-measured vegetation height (R(2) = 0.50, p &lt; 0.001). Clustering and ordination of the species data pointed to the presence of 2 main forest classes that could be discriminated with an accuracy of 89% on the basis of lidar data. Lidar can be applied widely for mapping of habitat and assessments of habitat condition (e.g., in support of the European Species and Habitats Directive [92/43/EEC]). However, particular attention needs to be paid to issues of survey design: density of lidar points and geospatial accuracy of ground-truthing and its timing relative to acquisition of lidar data.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22731687</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos-Silva, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonçalves, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Louro, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canopy cover influence on macrofungal richness and sporocarp production in montado ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crown influence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">macrofungal communities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10457-011-9374-7</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149 - 159</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study we aimed to ﬁnd out how macrofungi richness and sporocarp production varies in relation to both canopy cover and proximity of crown projection area, in order to discuss strategies and point out management actions that ensure macrofungal communities sustainability in montado ecosystems. The sporocarp survey was conducted once every two weeks, from October to February, between 2007 and 2009 in two representative sites of the most common (cork and holm oak) open montado ecosystems in southern Portugal. Results showed that canopy cover strongly shaped macrofungal communities composition and yield. Denser canopy cover enhanced mycorrhizal richness and reduced saprotrophic yield. Furthermore, mycorrhizal richness and yield increased with tree proximity. Finally some forest management strategies are suggested in order to enhance macrofungal richness and productivity, in montado ecosystems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jones, Nádia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Graaff, Jan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Isabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, Filomena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Historical review of land use changes in Portugal (before and after EU integration in 1986) and their implications for land degradation and conservation, with a focus on Centro and Alentejo regions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Geography</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agri-environmental policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0143622811000385</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1036 - 1048</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in land use and production systems are to a large extent responsible for land degradation. In Portugal this process has been triggered mainly by socioeconomic drivers, such as agricultural technology, demography and policy changes. In this article land use changes in Portugal are discussed in terms of their main drivers and impacts, focussing on land degradation and conservation. The discussion includes a brief outline of historical land use changes in Portugal and a more detailed account of the changes in the period after 1986, when Portugal joined the European Union. An assessment of recent (1986e2006) land use changes and their impact was conducted for two selected research areas in the Centro and Alentejo regions. This assessment was based on information from the CORINE Land Cover programme (1985 and 2006) and the National Agricultural Census (1989 and 1999). In the Centro research area the land under forest declined from 52% to only 22% of the area, mainly as a result of forest ﬁres. In the Alentejo research area the major change was the decline of miscellaneous shrub, declining from 23% to 11%, to open forest land, increasing as a result of afforestation measures from 1% to 22%. These land use changes resulted in a signiﬁcant increase of soil loss estimates through RUSLE. In the Centro research area soil losses greater than 10 t ha 1 yr 1 were estimated to occur in 57% of the area in 1990, increasing as a result of land use change to 64% in 2006. In the Alentejo research area this change was from 65% in 1990 to 72% in 2006. The research raises questions regarding land use management, in relation to the Common Agriculture Policy support during the 1986e2006 period. Despite the increase in forest and permanent grassland areas, soil loss rates remain very high in the two research areas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Werners, S E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">West, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leemans, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tabara, J D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dai, X</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flachner, Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neufeldt, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McEvoy, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cots, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trombi, G</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leal Filho, W</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opportunities and Constraints for Climate Adaptation in Regional Water and Land Use Planning</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Economic, Social and Political Elements of Climate Change</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptation assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">China</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate adaptation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hungary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regional water and land use planning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Verlag</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heidelberg</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">669-692</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9783642147753</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whereas the literature on adaptation is rich in detail on the impacts of, vulnerability to, and constraints of climate adaptation, less is known about the conditions that facilitate adaptation in practice. We examined the constraints and opportunities for adaptation in water and land use planning in three regions: the Guadiana River Basin in Spain and Portugal, the Tisza River Basin in Hungary and western Inner Mongolia in China. We analysed the conditions that either facilitate or constrain adaptation in relation to (1) adaptation actors, (2) adaptation strategies, and (3) adaptation objectives. Many adaptation assessments concentrate on climate impacts and the potential of adaptation strategies. The conditions that enable people to act on adaptation are less studied. Yet these have been identified as particularly important for successfully implementing adaptation. We find that adaptation is enhanced by pilot projects that test and debate new ideas through collaboration between recognized actors from civil society, policy, and science. Promising for adaptation is the integration of (traditional) agro-environmental land use systems that regulate regional climate impacts with new technologies, organizational responsibilities and financial instruments. A key challenge is to create flexible and equitable financial instruments that facilitate benefit and burden sharing, social learning, and that support a diverse set of potentially better adapted new activities rather than compensate for climate impacts on existing activities</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romeralo, María</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moya-Laraño, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lado, Carlos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social amoebae: environmental factors influencing their distribution and diversity across south-western Europe.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbial ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dictyosteliida</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dictyosteliida: classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dictyosteliida: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dictyosteliida: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dictyosteliida: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil: parasitology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPAIN (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">154-165</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0024801097</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The social amoebae (dictyostelids) are the only truly multicellular lineage within the superkingdom Amoebozoa, the sister group to Ophistokonts (Metazoa+Fungi). Despite the exceptional phylogenetic and evolutionary value of this taxon, the environmental factors that determine their distribution and diversity are largely unknown. We have applied statistical modeling to a set of data obtained from an extensive and detailed survey in the south-western of Europe (The Iberian Peninsula including Spain and Portugal) in order to estimate some of the main environmental factors influencing the distribution and diversity of dictyostelid in temperate climates. It is the first time that this methodology is applied to the study of this unique group of soil microorganisms. Our results show that a combination of climatic (temperature, water availability), physical (pH) and vegetation (species richness) factors favor dictyostelid species richness. In the Iberian Peninsula, dictyostelid diversity is highest in colder and wet environments, indicating that this group has likely diversified in relatively cold places with high levels of water availability.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20614116</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acácio, Vanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holmgren, Milena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak persistence in Mediterranean landscapes: the combined role of management, topography, and wildfires</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecology and society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agroforestry system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative ecosystem state</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cistus ladanifer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub encroachment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation transition</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/art40/ES-2010-3740.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems have been shaped by a history of human and ecological disturbances. Understanding the dynamics of these social-ecological systems requires an understanding of how human and ecological factors interact. In this study, we assess the combined role of management practices and biophysical variables, i.e., wildfire and topography, to explain patterns of tree persistence in a cork oak (Quercus suber L.) landscape of southern Portugal. We used face-to-face interviews with landowners to identify the management practices and the incentives that motivated them. We used aerial photographs and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to classify vegetation patch-type transitions over a period of 45 years (1958-2002) and logistic regression to explain such changes based on management and biophysical factors. The best model explaining vegetation transitions leading to cork oak persistence in the landscape included both biophysical and management variables. Tree persistence was more likely to occur on steeper slopes, in the absence of wildfires, and in the absence of understory management. We identified ecological, ideological, and economical barriers that preclude oak persistence and that are important to consider in implementing efficient environmental policies for adequate conservation and reforestation programs of Mediterranean cork oak landscapes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Figueira, Rui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tavares, Paula C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palma, Luís</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beja, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sérgio, Cecília</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Application of indicator kriging to the complementary use of bioindicators at three trophic levels.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioindicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birds: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryophyta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryophyta: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryophyta: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: instrumentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: statistics &amp; numerical d</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollutants: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollutants: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feathers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feathers: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feathers: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator kriging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercury</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercury: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercury: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mosses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistical</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19477568</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2689 - 2696</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of biological indicators is widespread in environmental monitoring, although it has long been recognised that each bioindicator is generally associated with a range of potential limitations and shortcomings. To circumvent this problem, this study adopted the complementary use of bioindicators representing different trophic levels and providing different type of information, in an innovative approach to integrate knowledge and to estimate the overall health state of ecosystems. The approach is illustrated using mercury contamination in primary producers (mosses), primary consumers (domestic pigeons and red-legged partridges) and top predators (Bonelli's eagles) in southern Portugal. Indicator kriging geostatistics was used to identify the areas where mercury concentration was higher than the median for each species, and to produce an index that combines mercury contamination across trophic levels. Spatial patterns of mercury contamination were consistent across species. The combined index provided a new level of information useful in incorporating measures of overall environmental contamination into pollution studies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 19477568</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Figueira, Rui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tavares, Paula C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palma, Luís</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beja, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sérgio, Cecília</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Application of indicator kriging to the complementary use of bioindicators at three trophic levels.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioindicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birds: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryophyta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryophyta: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryophyta: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: instrumentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: statistics &amp; numerical d</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollutants: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollutants: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feathers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feathers: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feathers: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator kriging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercury</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercury: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercury: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mosses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistical</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2689-2696</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of biological indicators is widespread in environmental monitoring, although it has long been recognised that each bioindicator is generally associated with a range of potential limitations and shortcomings. To circumvent this problem, this study adopted the complementary use of bioindicators representing different trophic levels and providing different type of information, in an innovative approach to integrate knowledge and to estimate the overall health state of ecosystems. The approach is illustrated using mercury contamination in primary producers (mosses), primary consumers (domestic pigeons and red-legged partridges) and top predators (Bonelli's eagles) in southern Portugal. Indicator kriging geostatistics was used to identify the areas where mercury concentration was higher than the median for each species, and to produce an index that combines mercury contamination across trophic levels. Spatial patterns of mercury contamination were consistent across species. The combined index provided a new level of information useful in incorporating measures of overall environmental contamination into pollution studies.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19477568</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bakker, Martha M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Doorn, Anne M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farmer-specific relationships between land use change and landscape factors: Introducing agents in empirical land use modelling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Use Policy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agent-based modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alentejo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">farmers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land abandonment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marginal areas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regression</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">809-817</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traditional empirical land use change models generally assume one average land use decision-maker. Multi-Agent System (MAS) models, on the other hand, acknowledge existence of different types of agents, but their poor empirical embedding remains a serious handicap. This paper demonstrates how agent information can also be incorporated into empirical, biophysical land use models. Agent (farmer) information was captured in four farmer types by means of cluster analysis. The types were distinguished by age, education, property size, distance from residence, and the number of animals owned. This information was made spatially explicit as each ﬁeld in the study area is related to a farmer, based on cadastral information. Statistical interaction terms between farmer type and landscape factors such as remoteness, soil quality, slope and aspect, were tested for signiﬁcance in describing the observed occurrence of three land use changes: afforestation of arable land, abandonment of arable land, and restoration of the traditional Montado system. Results showed that each farmer type uses different criteria for selecting land for a certain land use change. For example, absentee farmers abandon the most remote areas while other farmer types do not use remoteness as a criterion for abandonment; active farmers select the most accessible ﬁelds for afforestation while other farmer types do not; absentee farmers select their best soils for restoration of the traditional Montado system, while active farmers tend to select poor soils. It is demonstrated that each farmer type shows a different relationship between landscape factors and land use changes. Hence, farmer-speciﬁc relationships between landscape and land use contribute signiﬁcantly to the explanation of land use change.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bakker, Martha M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Doorn, Anne M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farmer-specific relationships between land use change and landscape factors: Introducing agents in empirical land use modelling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Use Policy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agent-based modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alentejo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">farmers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land abandonment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marginal areas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regression</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264837708001294</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">809 - 817</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traditional empirical land use change models generally assume one average land use decision-maker. Multi-Agent System (MAS) models, on the other hand, acknowledge existence of different types of agents, but their poor empirical embedding remains a serious handicap. This paper demonstrates how agent information can also be incorporated into empirical, biophysical land use models. Agent (farmer) information was captured in four farmer types by means of cluster analysis. The types were distinguished by age, education, property size, distance from residence, and the number of animals owned. This information was made spatially explicit as each ﬁeld in the study area is related to a farmer, based on cadastral information. Statistical interaction terms between farmer type and landscape factors such as remoteness, soil quality, slope and aspect, were tested for signiﬁcance in describing the observed occurrence of three land use changes: afforestation of arable land, abandonment of arable land, and restoration of the traditional Montado system. Results showed that each farmer type uses different criteria for selecting land for a certain land use change. For example, absentee farmers abandon the most remote areas while other farmer types do not use remoteness as a criterion for abandonment; active farmers select the most accessible ﬁelds for afforestation while other farmer types do not; absentee farmers select their best soils for restoration of the traditional Montado system, while active farmers tend to select poor soils. It is demonstrated that each farmer type shows a different relationship between landscape factors and land use changes. Hence, farmer-speciﬁc relationships between landscape and land use contribute signiﬁcantly to the explanation of land use change.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lavorel, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McIntyre, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grigulis, K</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant response to disturbance in a Mediterranean grassland: How many functional groups?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annual</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant functional type</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ploughing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">661-672</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">. Data referring to changes in vegetation composition resulting from cattle exclosure and ploughing in a Portuguese pasture dominated by annuals were used to test hypotheses regarding the biology of species favoured or eliminated by disturbance in semi-natural herbaceous communities. These hypotheses were tested in two ways. First we compared the distribution of six a priori groups – grasses, small rosettes, large rosettes, small species with leafy stems, large species with leafy stems, legumes – across grazed, ploughed and undisturbed plots. In a second set of analyses we examined changes in the frequencies of individual biological attributes in response to grazing and ploughing. These analyses were carried out separately for grasses and dicot forbs. Overall, the species composition showed little response to either grazing or ploughing, though species dominance changed. This lack of responsiveness of species composition was attributed to the long history of intensive land use which has resulted in the loss of disturbance-intolerant species over entire landscapes. When considering a priori groups, small rosettes were indifferent to disturbance. grazing and ploughing showed that dominated. Large rosettes, large species with leafy stems and legumes were generally intolerant to both grazing and ploughing, though individual species may increase in response to disturbance. Small species with leafy stems were the only group favoured by grazing whereas ploughing favoured grasses. As to individual traits, grazing excluded large grass species with heavy seeds and promoted a flat rosette canopy structure and a small size, along with a moderate dormancy and protected inflorescences. In forbs, grazing favoured small species, as expected, while it excluded tall species, and, in contrast to earlier results, a rosette canopy. These attributes were consistent with responses of the a priori groups, though it would not have been possible to reconstruct groups directly from the attribute list. Ploughing had no effect on any of the forb traits. As to grass traits, flat- and short-statured species increased and heavy-seeded species decreased. Our analysis revealed two advantages of establishing plant functional classifications within life forms. Subgroups within forbs had contrasting types of behaviour. For the same trait patterns could differ within the grass group from within the forb group. Finally, this analysis emphasizes the need for plant functional classifications aiming at the identification of syndromes of co-occurring attributes rather than of lists of isolated traits of which actual combinations are not specified.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardoso, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, Clara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Luis C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Israel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriques, Sérgio S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">da Silva, Ricardo R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sousa, Pedro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing spider species richness and composition in Mediterranean cork oak forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">araneae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arrábida</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methodology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richness estimators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semi-quantitative sampling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stop-rules</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1146609X07001178</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114 - 127</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semi-quantitative sampling protocols have been proposed as the most cost-effective and comprehensive way of sampling spiders in many regions of the world. In the present study, a balanced sampling design with the same number of samples per day, time of day, collector and method, was used to assess the species richness and composition of a Quercus suber woodland in Central Portugal. A total of 475 samples, each corresponding to one hour of effective ﬁeldwork, were taken. One hundred sixty eight species were captured, of which 150 were recorded inside a delimited one-hectare plot; this number corresponds to around 90% of the estimated species richness. We tested the effect of applying different sampling approaches (sampling day, time of day, collector experience and method) on species richness, abundance, and composition. Most sampling approaches were found to inﬂuence the species measures, of which method, time of day and the respective interaction had the strongest inﬂuence. The data indicated that fauna depletion of the sampled area possibly occurred and that the inventory was reaching a plateau by the end of the sampling process. We advocate the use of the Chao estimators as best for intensive protocols limited in space and time and the use of the asymptotic properties of the Michaelis–Menten curve as a stopping or reliability rule, as it allows the investigator to know when a close-to-complete inventory has been obtained and when reliable non-parametric estimators have been achieved.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardoso, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, Clara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Luis C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Israel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriques, Sérgio S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">da Silva, Ricardo R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sousa, Pedro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing spider species richness and composition in Mediterranean cork oak forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">araneae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arrábida</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methodology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richness estimators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semi-quantitative sampling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stop-rules</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114-127</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semi-quantitative sampling protocols have been proposed as the most cost-effective and comprehensive way of sampling spiders in many regions of the world. In the present study, a balanced sampling design with the same number of samples per day, time of day, collector and method, was used to assess the species richness and composition of a Quercus suber woodland in Central Portugal. A total of 475 samples, each corresponding to one hour of effective ﬁeldwork, were taken. One hundred sixty eight species were captured, of which 150 were recorded inside a delimited one-hectare plot; this number corresponds to around 90% of the estimated species richness. We tested the effect of applying different sampling approaches (sampling day, time of day, collector experience and method) on species richness, abundance, and composition. Most sampling approaches were found to inﬂuence the species measures, of which method, time of day and the respective interaction had the strongest inﬂuence. The data indicated that fauna depletion of the sampled area possibly occurred and that the inventory was reaching a plateau by the end of the sampling process. We advocate the use of the Chao estimators as best for intensive protocols limited in space and time and the use of the asymptotic properties of the Michaelis–Menten curve as a stopping or reliability rule, as it allows the investigator to know when a close-to-complete inventory has been obtained and when reliable non-parametric estimators have been achieved.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosalino, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Maria J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beier, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos-Reis, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eurasian badger habitat selection in Mediterranean environments: Does scale really matter?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meles meles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1616504707000663</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">189 - 198</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is widely believed that spatial scale affects habitat selection, and should inﬂuence management options, especially for species with wide geographic distribution or large territories. Eurasian badger habitat selection has been well studied throughout most of its European distribution range, but never at multiple spatial scales. We used compositional analysis to assess habitat selection of Eurasian badgers in southern Portugal at four spatial scales (1, 4, 25, and 100 km 2 ). We assessed habitat use from setts, latrines and footprints presence, and road kills. Oak woodlands with understorey were selected at all scales, being the most preferred habitat at 3 scales (1, 4, and 100 km 2 ). Pastures were most selected at the scale of the 25 km 2 cell, but their use was not signiﬁcantly different from oak woodland with understorey. Shrubs and pastures were also secondly important at the majority of scales. Contrary to ﬁndings at northern latitudes, deciduous forests decreased in importance as cell size increased. In the highly humanized and fragmented landscape of southern Portugal, Eurasian badgers are selecting the matrix of oak woodlands interspersed with patches of pastures, shrubs and riparian vegetation. In these oak woodlands, scale does not have a marked effect. Management for badgers should provide, for at least, 30% of oak woodland cover at all scales. Our study illustrates the across-scale importance of maintaining the historically human altered, sustainable and unique landscape and land use system – the montado.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosalino, L M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Maria J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beier, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos-Reis, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eurasian badger habitat selection in Mediterranean environments: Does scale really matter?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meles meles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">189-198</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is widely believed that spatial scale affects habitat selection, and should inﬂuence management options, especially for species with wide geographic distribution or large territories. Eurasian badger habitat selection has been well studied throughout most of its European distribution range, but never at multiple spatial scales. We used compositional analysis to assess habitat selection of Eurasian badgers in southern Portugal at four spatial scales (1, 4, 25, and 100 km 2 ). We assessed habitat use from setts, latrines and footprints presence, and road kills. Oak woodlands with understorey were selected at all scales, being the most preferred habitat at 3 scales (1, 4, and 100 km 2 ). Pastures were most selected at the scale of the 25 km 2 cell, but their use was not signiﬁcantly different from oak woodland with understorey. Shrubs and pastures were also secondly important at the majority of scales. Contrary to ﬁndings at northern latitudes, deciduous forests decreased in importance as cell size increased. In the highly humanized and fragmented landscape of southern Portugal, Eurasian badgers are selecting the matrix of oak woodlands interspersed with patches of pastures, shrubs and riparian vegetation. In these oak woodlands, scale does not have a marked effect. Management for badgers should provide, for at least, 30% of oak woodland cover at all scales. Our study illustrates the across-scale importance of maintaining the historically human altered, sustainable and unique landscape and land use system – the montado.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez-González, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bogino, S. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adame, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrero, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROIG, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paulo, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bravo, F.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bravo, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jandl, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LeMay, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gadow, K. V.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silviculture and Carbon Sequestration in Mediterranean Oak Forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change,</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon stock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kyoto protocol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Netherlands</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">317 - 318</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4020-8342-6</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Kyoto Protocol requires every industrialized country to have a transparent and verifiable method for estimating the size and evolution of the carbon stored in forest ecosystems. The intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC, 2007) predicts the evolution of the stock over the first commitment period (2008–2012) using the “bottom-up approach”. This approach is based on the use of data from national or regional forest inventories. The biomass of living trees including their dead parts comprises the main carbon pool in forest ecosystems along with the biomass of understorey plants, litter, woody debris and soil organic matter (Pignard et al., 2004). The objective of this chapter is to present some of the studies currently being carried out in Spain and Portugal which are concerned with the possibility of estimating the amount of carbon fixed by two of the main oak species in the Iberian Peninsula; rebollo oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) and cork oak (Quercus suber L.). Three different methodological approaches have been used. The first approach is to use growth models to evaluate the carbon sequestration in both cork and wood over the life of a cork oak plantation. This approach has been applied both for Spain and Portugal. The second approach involves using a yield table as a tool to estimate the carbon sequestration in Quercus pyrenaica forests based on Spanish National Forest Inventories. In a third approach, data from a network of plots is used to estimate the carbon sequestration in pure and mixed Quercus pyrenaica forests. The application of these different methodologies would allow us to forecast and improve the carbon sequestration in oak forests as well as increasing our understanding of their dynamics.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change,&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8343-3</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanchez-Gonzalez, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bogino, S M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adame, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrero, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roig, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paulo, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bravo, F</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bravo, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jandl, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LeMay, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gadow, K V</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silviculture and Carbon Sequestration in Mediterranean Oak Forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change,</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon stock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kyoto protocol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Netherlands</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">317-318</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4020-8342-6</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Kyoto Protocol requires every industrialized country to have a transparent and verifiable method for estimating the size and evolution of the carbon stored in forest ecosystems. The intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC, 2007) predicts the evolution of the stock over the first commitment period (2008–2012) using the “bottom-up approach”. This approach is based on the use of data from national or regional forest inventories. The biomass of living trees including their dead parts comprises the main carbon pool in forest ecosystems along with the biomass of understorey plants, litter, woody debris and soil organic matter (Pignard et al., 2004). The objective of this chapter is to present some of the studies currently being carried out in Spain and Portugal which are concerned with the possibility of estimating the amount of carbon fixed by two of the main oak species in the Iberian Peninsula; rebollo oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) and cork oak (Quercus suber L.). Three different methodological approaches have been used. The first approach is to use growth models to evaluate the carbon sequestration in both cork and wood over the life of a cork oak plantation. This approach has been applied both for Spain and Portugal. The second approach involves using a yield table as a tool to estimate the carbon sequestration in Quercus pyrenaica forests based on Spanish National Forest Inventories. In a third approach, data from a network of plots is used to estimate the carbon sequestration in pure and mixed Quercus pyrenaica forests. The application of these different methodologies would allow us to forecast and improve the carbon sequestration in oak forests as well as increasing our understanding of their dynamics.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, M</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvopastoral systems in Portugal: Current status and future prospects</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry in Europe: Current Status and Future Prospects.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chestnut systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">olive tree system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pyrenean oak system</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111-126</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal has a high diversity of agroforestry systems like other Mediterranean countries. This is the result of the Mediterranean climate, great variability of bioclimatic conditions, a long history of land use, and a marked variation in land tenure between north and south of the country. Four major silvopastoral systems are described: two classically Mediterranean – montado and Olive tree system, and two typically of the transitional environment between Mediterranean and Temperate conditions – Pyrenean oak and Chestnut systems. Some products of traditional agroforestry systems such as charcoal, organic manure, livestock production and others have become less valuable with the socio-economic transformation of the 1960s. These systems have been declining from approximately 1950 onwards. Currently, the focus on sustainable agriculture, with greater emphasis on nature and landscape conservation, has meant that environmental values now represent new opportunities for income generation from these systems. A better understanding of traditional agroforestry systems is needed for the formulation of a specific European policy that will preserve European landscapes. This paper looks at the future potential for silvopastoral systems in Portugal based on current status.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, M.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvopastoral systems in Portugal: Current status and future prospects</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry in Europe: Current Status and Future Prospects.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chestnut systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">olive tree system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pyrenean oak system</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/M70P44700742411Q.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111 - 126</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal has a high diversity of agroforestry systems like other Mediterranean countries. This is the result of the Mediterranean climate, great variability of bioclimatic conditions, a long history of land use, and a marked variation in land tenure between north and south of the country. Four major silvopastoral systems are described: two classically Mediterranean – montado and Olive tree system, and two typically of the transitional environment between Mediterranean and Temperate conditions – Pyrenean oak and Chestnut systems. Some products of traditional agroforestry systems such as charcoal, organic manure, livestock production and others have become less valuable with the socio-economic transformation of the 1960s. These systems have been declining from approximately 1950 onwards. Currently, the focus on sustainable agriculture, with greater emphasis on nature and landscape conservation, has meant that environmental values now represent new opportunities for income generation from these systems. A better understanding of traditional agroforestry systems is needed for the formulation of a specific European policy that will preserve European landscapes. This paper looks at the future potential for silvopastoral systems in Portugal based on current status.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Agroforestry in Europe: Current Status and Future Prospects.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espírito-Santo, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROSALINO, LUIS M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos-Reis, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors affecting the placement of common genet latrine sites in a Mediterranean landscape in Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of mammalogy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">common genets</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetta genetta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">latrines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scent marking</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-207</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In addition to the role of latrine sites as areas for deposition of feces, they may play roles in territoriality, sexual attraction, warning and defense behaviors, and regulation of physiological functions. Several carnivores, such as the common genet (Genetta genetta) use latrines as stations for scent communication. We describe the factors influencing the placement and use of latrine sites by a Mediterranean population of common genets inhabiting cork oak woodlands in southwestern Portugal. Using logistical regression analysis, we found a higher probability of finding latrines in areas with high understory height and diversity of landscape units, low human disturbance and accessibility, and proximity to potential refuges and other latrines. An exploratory univariate analysis showed that latrines were located primarily in conspicuously high features within the landscape such as in old-growth cork oak trees. Their use was associated with low human disturbance, inaccessibility, and high understory cover. Our results suggest that forest managers should preserve some old trees in oak woodlands, because these trees have a fundamental role in scent communication among genets (latrines), as well as serve as resting sites.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espírito-Santo, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROSALINO, LUIS M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos-Reis, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors affecting the placement of common genet latrine sites in a Mediterranean landscape in Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of mammalogy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">common genets</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetta genetta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">latrines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scent marking</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.asmjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-343R3.1</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201 - 207</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In addition to the role of latrine sites as areas for deposition of feces, they may play roles in territoriality, sexual attraction, warning and defense behaviors, and regulation of physiological functions. Several carnivores, such as the common genet (Genetta genetta) use latrines as stations for scent communication. We describe the factors influencing the placement and use of latrine sites by a Mediterranean population of common genets inhabiting cork oak woodlands in southwestern Portugal. Using logistical regression analysis, we found a higher probability of finding latrines in areas with high understory height and diversity of landscape units, low human disturbance and accessibility, and proximity to potential refuges and other latrines. An exploratory univariate analysis showed that latrines were located primarily in conspicuously high features within the landscape such as in old-growth cork oak trees. Their use was associated with low human disturbance, inaccessibility, and high understory cover. Our results suggest that forest managers should preserve some old trees in oak woodlands, because these trees have a fundamental role in scent communication among genets (latrines), as well as serve as resting sites.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attia Al Hagrey, Said</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geophysical imaging of root-zone, trunk, and moisture heterogeneity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Experimental Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electric Impedance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrical resistivity techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrodes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geological Phenomena</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populus: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: anatomy &amp; histology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radar imaging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ring electrode array</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root-zone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sap flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seismic tomography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trunk ring structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vadose zone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: metabolism</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/4/839.abstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17229759</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">839 - 854</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The most significant biotic and abiotic stress agents of water extremity, salinity, and infection lead to wood decay and modifications of moisture and ion content, and density. This strongly influences the (di-)electrical and mechanical properties and justifies the application of geophysical imaging techniques. These are less invasive and have high resolution in contrast to classical methods of destructive, single-point measurements for inspecting stresses in trees and soils. This review presents some in situ and in vivo applications of electric, radar, and seismic methods for studying water status and movement in soils, roots, and tree trunks. The electrical properties of a root-zone are a consequence of their moisture content. Electrical imaging discriminates resistive, woody roots from conductive, soft roots. Both types are recognized by low radar velocities and high attenuation. Single roots can generate diffraction hyperbolas in radargrams. Pedophysical relationships of water content to electrical resistivity and radar velocity are established by diverse infiltration experiments in the field, laboratory, and in the full-scale ‘GeoModel’ at Kiel University. Subsurface moisture distributions are derived from geophysical attribute models. The ring electrode technique around trunks images the growth ring structure of concentric resistivity, which is inversely proportional to the fluid content. Healthy trees show a central high resistivity within the dry heartwood that strongly decreases towards the peripheral wet sapwood. Observed structural deviations are caused by infection, decay, shooting, or predominant light and/or wind directions. Seismic trunk tomography also differentiates between decayed and healthy woods.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/jxb/erl23710.1093/jxb/erl237The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 17229759</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attia Al Hagrey, Said</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geophysical imaging of root-zone, trunk, and moisture heterogeneity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Experimental Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electric Impedance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrical resistivity techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrodes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geological Phenomena</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populus: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: anatomy &amp; histology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radar imaging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ring electrode array</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root-zone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sap flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seismic tomography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trunk ring structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vadose zone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: metabolism</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">839-854</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The most significant biotic and abiotic stress agents of water extremity, salinity, and infection lead to wood decay and modifications of moisture and ion content, and density. This strongly influences the (di-)electrical and mechanical properties and justifies the application of geophysical imaging techniques. These are less invasive and have high resolution in contrast to classical methods of destructive, single-point measurements for inspecting stresses in trees and soils. This review presents some in situ and in vivo applications of electric, radar, and seismic methods for studying water status and movement in soils, roots, and tree trunks. The electrical properties of a root-zone are a consequence of their moisture content. Electrical imaging discriminates resistive, woody roots from conductive, soft roots. Both types are recognized by low radar velocities and high attenuation. Single roots can generate diffraction hyperbolas in radargrams. Pedophysical relationships of water content to electrical resistivity and radar velocity are established by diverse infiltration experiments in the field, laboratory, and in the full-scale ‘GeoModel’ at Kiel University. Subsurface moisture distributions are derived from geophysical attribute models. The ring electrode technique around trunks images the growth ring structure of concentric resistivity, which is inversely proportional to the fluid content. Healthy trees show a central high resistivity within the dry heartwood that strongly decreases towards the peripheral wet sapwood. Observed structural deviations are caused by infection, decay, shooting, or predominant light and/or wind directions. Seismic trunk tomography also differentiates between decayed and healthy woods.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17229759</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/jxb/erl237</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/jxb/erl237</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">do Rosario, Ines T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathias, Maria Da Luz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-fire recolonisation of a montado area by the endangered Cabrera vole (Microtus cabrerae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAP procedure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distance to unburned areas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MDS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildfire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">450 - 457</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Cabrera vole is an endangered species frequently found in the montado, a savannah-like ecosystem well adapted to fire. Although it is assumed that regular burning is not very prejudicial to this vole, the impact of fire is unknown. This research studied, for the first time, recolonisation by the Cabrera vole after wildfire. Colonies were monitored over one year after a wildfire and the most relevant ecological features in their reestablishment were identified. During the first eight months, all the 18 surveyed colonies remained unoccupied. However, after one year, 11 were recolonised. Vegetation structure and composition in the colonies ( vegetation height, plant families diversity, percentage of bare ground and cover of shrubs before the fire), which are important features in offering protection and nutrition, were closely related to reoccupation of the colonies. Surprisingly, fire intensity did not influence recolonisation. Distance from unburned areas proved to be a factor that delayed recolonisation. The importance of the montado for this species was reinforced by the evidence that recolonisation occurred preferentially in colonies surrounded by this habitat type.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">do Rosario, Ines T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathias, Maria Da Luz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-fire recolonisation of a montado area by the endangered Cabrera vole (Microtus cabrerae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAP procedure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distance to unburned areas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MDS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildfire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CSIRO PUBLISHING</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">450-457</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Cabrera vole is an endangered species frequently found in the montado, a savannah-like ecosystem well adapted to fire. Although it is assumed that regular burning is not very prejudicial to this vole, the impact of fire is unknown. This research studied, for the first time, recolonisation by the Cabrera vole after wildfire. Colonies were monitored over one year after a wildfire and the most relevant ecological features in their reestablishment were identified. During the first eight months, all the 18 surveyed colonies remained unoccupied. However, after one year, 11 were recolonised. Vegetation structure and composition in the colonies ( vegetation height, plant families diversity, percentage of bare ground and cover of shrubs before the fire), which are important features in offering protection and nutrition, were closely related to reoccupation of the colonies. Surprisingly, fire intensity did not influence recolonisation. Distance from unburned areas proved to be a factor that delayed recolonisation. The importance of the montado for this species was reinforced by the evidence that recolonisation occurred preferentially in colonies surrounded by this habitat type.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blanco, S Zapata</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Series de deflactores corcheros desde 1900</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asociación Española de Historia Económica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deflators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Twentieth century</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this work is to elaborate series of deflators, for whole twentieth century, of three representative products in the cork business: raw cork, corkwood in planks and stoppers of natural cork. Given that prices of these products are not available, the data bases for reconstruction are, on one hand, unitary values of production and exports from Portugal and Spain and, on the other hand, unitary ones of United Kingdom’s imports. By using these values, selected after different tests of coherence and credibility, Laspeyres, Paasche and Fisher’s indexes and a “synthetic cork deflator” are calculated. Then, a preliminary analysis about the unitary values as a proxy to the prices during the second half of twentieth century is realized. At last, the main figures which have been employed to the building of the deflators are shown in a statistical appendix.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blanco, S. Zapata</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Series de deflactores corcheros desde 1900</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deflators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Twentieth century</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2336701</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this work is to elaborate series of deflators, for whole twentieth century, of three representative products in the cork business: raw cork, corkwood in planks and stoppers of natural cork. Given that prices of these products are not available, the data bases for reconstruction are, on one hand, unitary values of production and exports from Portugal and Spain and, on the other hand, unitary ones of United Kingdom’s imports. By using these values, selected after different tests of coherence and credibility, Laspeyres, Paasche and Fisher’s indexes and a “synthetic cork deflator” are calculated. Then, a preliminary analysis about the unitary values as a proxy to the prices during the second half of twentieth century is realized. At last, the main figures which have been employed to the building of the deflators are shown in a statistical appendix.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;secondary-title: Asociación Española de Historia Económica&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Asociación Española de Historia Económica</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosalino, Luís Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torres, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos-Reis, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A survey of helminth infection in Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) in relation to their foraging behaviour in a Mediterranean environment in southwest Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Wildlife Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork oak woodlands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">endoparasites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">helminths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meles meles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10344-006-0033-7</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">202 - 206</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study provides the first data on the helminth fauna of the Eurasian badger in the southwestern edge of its range (Grândola Mountain, Portugal) and interprets the results in relation to badger diet and feeding behaviour. By examination of 163 badger faecal samples, faecal developmental stages (eliminative forms) of four helminth species and one genus were identified: one cestode (Atriotaenia incisa) and four nematodes (Mastophorus muris, Molineus patens, Uncinaria criniformis and Strongyloides sp.). The overall prevalence of parasites was 62%, with limited seasonal variation. Single parasite excretions were dominant and Strongyloides sp. excretion was the most common. Diet assessment based on 450 faecal samples revealed that badgers consumed mainly insects and fruits. No correlation was detected between helminth prevalence and diet. Apparently, diet (mainly insects) and feeding behaviour (fossorial), together with the species’ social behaviour (anal scent marking of group members), facilitate the infection with helminths. The helminth fauna of Eurasian badgers in Grândola Mountain has isolationist characteristics, apparently indicating low host colonisation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carvalho, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sergio, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sim-Sim, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diogo, A</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marchetti, M</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epiphytic bryophytes and lichens in Quercus rotundifolia Lam. woodlands of Portugal and their value as ecological indicators</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monitoring and Indicators of Forest Biodiversity in Europe - From Ideas to Operationality</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bryophytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological indicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lichens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TWINSPAN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woodlands</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPEAN FOREST INSTITUTE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TORIKATU 34, FIN-80100 JOENSUU, FINLAND</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271-283</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">952-5453-04-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The epiphytic bryophyte and lichen vegetation in Quercus rotundifolia woodlands in Portugal and its dependence on a number of environmental variables were investigated in six sites of Portugal. 36 bryophyte (32 mosses, 4 liverworts) and 105 lichens were found. Multivariate analysis was used to examine the epiphytic bryophyte and lichen composition of these woodlands. TWINSPAN and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) recognized four major groups of bryophytes and lichens species, one related to pastoral woodlands, another to altitudinal woodlands, a third one to the woodlands under Atlantic influence and a fourth with generalist species. Differences in bryophyte and lichen species composition and cover in the studied areas were attributed mainly to distinct humidity, precipitation, evapotranspiration and insolation levels. The bryophytes Leucodon sciuroides, Frullania dilatata, and the lichen Evernia prunastri presented the highest cover values. A very rare bryophyte species Zygodon forsteri, included in the European Red Data Book, was found. Obtained results are a good basis to improve methods based on bryophytes and lichens as bio-indicators of forest biodiversity.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carvalho, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sergio, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sim-Sim, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diogo, A.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marchetti, M.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epiphytic bryophytes and lichens in Quercus rotundifolia Lam. woodlands of Portugal and their value as ecological indicators</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monitoring and Indicators of Forest Biodiversity in Europe - From Ideas to Operationality</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bryophytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological indicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lichens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TWINSPAN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woodlands</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPEAN FOREST INSTITUTE</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271 - 283</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">952-5453-04-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The epiphytic bryophyte and lichen vegetation in Quercus rotundifolia woodlands in Portugal and its dependence on a number of environmental variables were investigated in six sites of Portugal. 36 bryophyte (32 mosses, 4 liverworts) and 105 lichens were found. Multivariate analysis was used to examine the epiphytic bryophyte and lichen composition of these woodlands. TWINSPAN and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) recognized four major groups of bryophytes and lichens species, one related to pastoral woodlands, another to altitudinal woodlands, a third one to the woodlands under Atlantic influence and a fourth with generalist species. Differences in bryophyte and lichen species composition and cover in the studied areas were attributed mainly to distinct humidity, precipitation, evapotranspiration and insolation levels. The bryophytes Leucodon sciuroides, Frullania dilatata, and the lichen Evernia prunastri presented the highest cover values. A very rare bryophyte species Zygodon forsteri, included in the European Red Data Book, was found. Obtained results are a good basis to improve methods based on bryophytes and lichens as bio-indicators of forest biodiversity.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Monitoring and Indicators of Forest Biodiversity in Europe - From Ideas to Operationality&lt;br/&gt;issue: 51&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: TORIKATU 34, FIN-80100 JOENSUU, FINLAND</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crespí, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernardos, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, C P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amich, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytostructural characterization of several vegetation types in northern Portugal. II. The structural expressivity and the resistance of the vegetation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Expressive capacity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multivariate analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural stability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">387-398</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract The encouraging results obtained in a previous work induced the authors to pursue here the characterization of the structure of the vegetation in northern Portugal, using the phytostructural methodology proposed earlier by the authors. With this objective, eight different types of vegetal communities, representative of the apparent states of the successional process present in this area, and representing the diversity of plant community types in the same area, were selected. The phytostructural method was elaborated on the basis of three types of structural basic matrices regarding diversity, abundance and cover. The data obtained were collected in a contingency matrix, which was then treated by means of a statistical multivariate analysis. Three structural tendencies emerged from this analysis. With the aim of studying their stability, the results are discussed in terms of resistance and resilience, according to the Highest Expressive Amplitude (HEA) concept, and by considering the intra- and inter-community structural dynamics as structural parameters. The data obtained suggest structural situations with different degrees of non-equilibrium that reflect resistance to environmental factors. The resistance of the vegetation is correlated with the apparent functional connectivity detected for the communities analysed.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263500500333651</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263500500333651</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crespí, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernardos, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, C. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amich, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytostructural characterization of several vegetation types in northern Portugal. II. The structural expressivity and the resistance of the vegetation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Expressive capacity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multivariate analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural stability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263500500333651</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">387 - 398</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract The encouraging results obtained in a previous work induced the authors to pursue here the characterization of the structure of the vegetation in northern Portugal, using the phytostructural methodology proposed earlier by the authors. With this objective, eight different types of vegetal communities, representative of the apparent states of the successional process present in this area, and representing the diversity of plant community types in the same area, were selected. The phytostructural method was elaborated on the basis of three types of structural basic matrices regarding diversity, abundance and cover. The data obtained were collected in a contingency matrix, which was then treated by means of a statistical multivariate analysis. Three structural tendencies emerged from this analysis. With the aim of studying their stability, the results are discussed in terms of resistance and resilience, according to the Highest Expressive Amplitude (HEA) concept, and by considering the intra- and inter-community structural dynamics as structural parameters. The data obtained suggest structural situations with different degrees of non-equilibrium that reflect resistance to environmental factors. The resistance of the vegetation is correlated with the apparent functional connectivity detected for the communities analysed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263500500333651doi: 10.1080/11263500500333651The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardoso, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Israel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Oliveira, Nuno G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serrano, Artur R M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator taxa of spider (Araneae) diversity and their efficiency in conservation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complementarity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">estimation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320704001491</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">517 - 524</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A considerable number of alternative approaches have been suggested during the last years to predict species richness of a given taxon, while retaining information on the identities of the observed individuals. Such information can be extremely useful for choosing conservation priority areas, either by using raw richness values or, preferentially, by considering the complementarity between potential sites. Among the most popular approaches is the use of indicator taxa. Both one single family and a group of several families are here tested in their ability to predict the number of spider (Araneae) species independently of sampling eﬀort, geographical location and type of habitat. We use data from three Portuguese protected areas as a test case. A two-family indicator group – Gnaphosidae and Theridiidae – is found to be a good surrogate of species richness, even if caution is needed regarding the comparison of sites with considerably diﬀerent sampling eﬀort or vegetation cover. No single family can be seen as a good surrogate of the totality of spiders. In addition, only a group of the two mentioned families is found to be eﬃcient and reliable either when used to rank sites according to taxa richness or for determining near-minimum sets of sites for conservation. We therefore recommend surrogacy with this indicator group as a promising approach for the prediction of spider species richness or evaluation and ranking of areas according to their conservation importance. The reached conclusions should uphold for Portugal and the entire Mediterranean region.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardoso, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Israel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Oliveira, Nuno G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serrano, Artur R M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator taxa of spider (Araneae) diversity and their efficiency in conservation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complementarity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">estimation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">517-524</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A considerable number of alternative approaches have been suggested during the last years to predict species richness of a given taxon, while retaining information on the identities of the observed individuals. Such information can be extremely useful for choosing conservation priority areas, either by using raw richness values or, preferentially, by considering the complementarity between potential sites. Among the most popular approaches is the use of indicator taxa. Both one single family and a group of several families are here tested in their ability to predict the number of spider (Araneae) species independently of sampling eﬀort, geographical location and type of habitat. We use data from three Portuguese protected areas as a test case. A two-family indicator group – Gnaphosidae and Theridiidae – is found to be a good surrogate of species richness, even if caution is needed regarding the comparison of sites with considerably diﬀerent sampling eﬀort or vegetation cover. No single family can be seen as a good surrogate of the totality of spiders. In addition, only a group of the two mentioned families is found to be eﬃcient and reliable either when used to rank sites according to taxa richness or for determining near-minimum sets of sites for conservation. We therefore recommend surrogacy with this indicator group as a promising approach for the prediction of spider species richness or evaluation and ranking of areas according to their conservation importance. The reached conclusions should uphold for Portugal and the entire Mediterranean region.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardoso, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Israel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Oliveira, Nuno G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serrano, Artur R. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator taxa of spider (Araneae) diversity and their efficiency in conservation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complementarity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">estimation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320704001491</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">517 - 524</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A considerable number of alternative approaches have been suggested during the last years to predict species richness of a given taxon, while retaining information on the identities of the observed individuals. Such information can be extremely useful for choosing conservation priority areas, either by using raw richness values or, preferentially, by considering the complementarity between potential sites. Among the most popular approaches is the use of indicator taxa. Both one single family and a group of several families are here tested in their ability to predict the number of spider (Araneae) species independently of sampling eﬀort, geographical location and type of habitat. We use data from three Portuguese protected areas as a test case. A two-family indicator group – Gnaphosidae and Theridiidae – is found to be a good surrogate of species richness, even if caution is needed regarding the comparison of sites with considerably diﬀerent sampling eﬀort or vegetation cover. No single family can be seen as a good surrogate of the totality of spiders. In addition, only a group of the two mentioned families is found to be eﬃcient and reliable either when used to rank sites according to taxa richness or for determining near-minimum sets of sites for conservation. We therefore recommend surrogacy with this indicator group as a promising approach for the prediction of spider species richness or evaluation and ranking of areas according to their conservation importance. The reached conclusions should uphold for Portugal and the entire Mediterranean region.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Da Gama, M M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new species of Pseudosinella from Portugal (Insecta : Collembola). XVIIth contribution.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collembola</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insecta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">new species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pseudosinella</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUSEUM HISTOIRE NATURELLE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CASE POSTALE 6434, ATTN:DENISE MAIER ADMN REV SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE, CH-L211 GENEVA 6, SWITZERLAND</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">563-565</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pseudosinella angelae sp. n. is described from a typical Mediterranean landscape dominated by Quercus suber L. in the surroundings of Lisbon. Morphological comparison with similar species is made, in order to establish the genealogical position of the new species.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jones, H G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Archer, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rotenberg, E</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mencuccini, M and Grace, J and Moncrieff, J and McNaughton, K G</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermal radiation, canopy temperature and evaporation from forest canopies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FORESTS AT THE LAND-ATMOSPHERE INTERFACE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canopy temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evaporation estimation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermal radiation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CABI PUBLISHING</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123-144</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-85199-677-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We review the remote sensing of canopy temperature using thermal radiation and outline the main sources of error in the measurement of emitted thermal radiation and its use in canopy temperature estimation. The theory underlying different approaches to the use of these remote estimates of canopy temperature for the estimation of evaporation from forest and other canopies is discussed. The data requirements for the different approaches for remote estimation are compared. We illustrate the application of different approaches to local (branch-level) thermal remote sensing for the estimation of evaporation rate from Quercus rotundifolia trees in Portugal.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Llario, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateos-Quesada, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvério, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat effects and shooting techniques on two wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in Spain and Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shooting techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sus scrofa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wild boar</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120 - 129</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the last decades, wild boar (Sus scrofa) distribution has increased world-wide, the Iberian Peninsula being no exception. The wild boar now inhabits almost the entire Iberian territory, where today it is one of the most important big game species. In this paper, for the first time, bag analysis from two ecological different regions are presented and compared to the employed hunting techniques. One represents the well-preserved Mediterranean forests of south-western Spain, the other, located in the south of Portugal, is a farmland with interspersed forest areas. Our results indicate a stronger hunting intensity and also a higher wild boar population density in the Portuguese study areas. The stronger hunting intensity may result in a younger wild boar population. We also found considerable differences between the shooting techniques used in both regions and those employed in the north-east of the peninsula. It does therefore not seem advisable to directly compare bag statistics from different regions of the Iberian peninsula.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Llario, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateos-Quesada, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvério, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat effects and shooting techniques on two wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in Spain and Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shooting techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sus scrofa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wild boar</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120-129</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the last decades, wild boar (Sus scrofa) distribution has increased world-wide, the Iberian Peninsula being no exception. The wild boar now inhabits almost the entire Iberian territory, where today it is one of the most important big game species. In this paper, for the first time, bag analysis from two ecological different regions are presented and compared to the employed hunting techniques. One represents the well-preserved Mediterranean forests of south-western Spain, the other, located in the south of Portugal, is a farmland with interspersed forest areas. Our results indicate a stronger hunting intensity and also a higher wild boar population density in the Portuguese study areas. The stronger hunting intensity may result in a younger wild boar population. We also found considerable differences between the shooting techniques used in both regions and those employed in the north-east of the peninsula. It does therefore not seem advisable to directly compare bag statistics from different regions of the Iberian peninsula.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drosophyllum lusitanicum, an endangered West Mediterranean endemic carnivorous plant: threats and its ability to control available resources</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competitive ability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Droseraceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intraspecific competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microdistribution pattern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed bank</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">383 - 390</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link (Droseraceae), Erva pinheira orvalhada, an endangered carnivorous plant, is a local endemic of clearings in pine, cork oak and oak forests or their successional shrublands in the western Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. The conservation status, distribution and population dynamics of this species are only partially known, both for Spanish and Portuguese occurrences. Portuguese distribution data from herbarium and bibliographic sources were collected for this study. Field work on 50 populations was undertaken in order to improve knowledge on their conservation status and possible threats. Natural causes, infrastructure and housing construction are stressed as the most important threats. Germination tests were carried out and the distribution patterns, plant height and the number of flowers were studied in an arbitrarily chosen population. A relatively high light requirement and low competitive ability to gain light are considered factors likely for the microdistribution pattern. Drosophyllum lusitanicum cannot compete for light in habitats with intense competition. Seeds from D. lusitanicum have reduced probability of germination when adult plants are already growing in the area. It is hypothesized that seed germination shows a similar pattern to flowering, viz over a considerable time rather than in a sudden flush. This strategy may be a key factor for the species' survival, representing attempts to take advantage of available resources, preventing intraspecific competition and, finally, preventing sudden total disappearance of a population, resulting from any catastrophic events due to natural causes or to human activity. As a result of this study, some conservation measures are suggested. (C) The Linnean Society of London.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, H</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drosophyllum lusitanicum, an endangered West Mediterranean endemic carnivorous plant: threats and its ability to control available resources</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competitive ability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Droseraceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intraspecific competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microdistribution pattern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed bank</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">383-390</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link (Droseraceae), Erva pinheira orvalhada, an endangered carnivorous plant, is a local endemic of clearings in pine, cork oak and oak forests or their successional shrublands in the western Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. The conservation status, distribution and population dynamics of this species are only partially known, both for Spanish and Portuguese occurrences. Portuguese distribution data from herbarium and bibliographic sources were collected for this study. Field work on 50 populations was undertaken in order to improve knowledge on their conservation status and possible threats. Natural causes, infrastructure and housing construction are stressed as the most important threats. Germination tests were carried out and the distribution patterns, plant height and the number of flowers were studied in an arbitrarily chosen population. A relatively high light requirement and low competitive ability to gain light are considered factors likely for the microdistribution pattern. Drosophyllum lusitanicum cannot compete for light in habitats with intense competition. Seeds from D. lusitanicum have reduced probability of germination when adult plants are already growing in the area. It is hypothesized that seed germination shows a similar pattern to flowering, viz over a considerable time rather than in a sudden flush. This strategy may be a key factor for the species' survival, representing attempts to take advantage of available resources, preventing intraspecific competition and, finally, preventing sudden total disappearance of a population, resulting from any catastrophic events due to natural causes or to human activity. As a result of this study, some conservation measures are suggested. (C) The Linnean Society of London.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Firmino, Ana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture and landscape in Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agri-environmental measures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169204699000493</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83 - 91</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape is the result of a dynamic process, which changes either due to natural causes or due to human impact. Therefore, we cannot expect landscapes to stay unchangeable, although some are evolving more quickly than others. Portugal is a mosaic of landscapes, partly because of different climatic conditions and orographic and morphologic genesis but also because of the impact of human activity, especially in agriculture. This article deals with the impacts of this sector on the landscapes, the consequences of which can be found not only in the ecosystems but also in the daily life of the people, in their jobs, in the abandonment of the land and in the change of mentality, related to the inadequate national policies and the overestimation of short-term economic pro®t</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Firmino, Ana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture and landscape in Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agri-environmental measures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83-91</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape is the result of a dynamic process, which changes either due to natural causes or due to human impact. Therefore, we cannot expect landscapes to stay unchangeable, although some are evolving more quickly than others. Portugal is a mosaic of landscapes, partly because of different climatic conditions and orographic and morphologic genesis but also because of the impact of human activity, especially in agriculture. This article deals with the impacts of this sector on the landscapes, the consequences of which can be found not only in the ecosystems but also in the daily life of the people, in their jobs, in the abandonment of the land and in the change of mentality, related to the inadequate national policies and the overestimation of short-term economic pro®t</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FIGUEIRAL, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHARCOAL ANALYSIS and the VEGETATIONAL EVOLUTION of NORTH-WEST PORTUGAL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">charcoal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">paleoecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetational environment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0092.1993.tb00292.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">209 - 222</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Summary: The palaeoenvironment of north-west Portugal is investigated from the late Bronze Age to Roman times. This research is based on the analysis of charcoal from seven archaeological sites. the results contain important information for a better understanding of the vegetational environment of man during this period. Man-environment relations are also examined.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FIGUEIRAL, I</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHARCOAL ANALYSIS and the VEGETATIONAL EVOLUTION of NORTH-WEST PORTUGAL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">charcoal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">paleoecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetational environment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">209-222</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Summary: The palaeoenvironment of north-west Portugal is investigated from the late Bronze Age to Roman times. This research is based on the analysis of charcoal from seven archaeological sites. the results contain important information for a better understanding of the vegetational environment of man during this period. Man-environment relations are also examined.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PEREIRA DE ALMEIDA, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RIEKERK, H</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water balance of Eucalyptus globulus and Quercus suber forest stands in south Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest ecology and management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angiospermae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anthropogenic factor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbol forestal frondoso</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbre forestier feuillu</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial forest stand</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balance agua</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilan eau</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bosque</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dicotyledones</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eucalyptus globulus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Europa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facteur anthropique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factor antrópico</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forêt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hardwood forest tree</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myrtaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peuplement forestier artificiel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poblamiento forestal artificial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spermatophyta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetación mediterránea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Végétation méditerranéenne</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water balance (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-64</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study utilized two watersheds near the town of Odemira in Alentejo, a southern province of Portugal. The region has a relatively humid climate because of its proximity to the sea. One 6-ha watershed contained scattered native cork oak (Quercus suber) with a newly developing understory of shrubs. An adjacent 19-ha watershed contained a mature Eucalyptus globulus stand, which was harvested for the study. The study included measurements of precipitation, runoff and soil water storage. Measurements of the tree stands and canopies were included for the characterization of throughfall and stemflow</style></abstract></record></records></xml>