<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALLEVATO, Emilia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PECCI, Alessandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAPI, Emanuele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pasquale, Gaetano Di</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Damblon, Freddy</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVIDENCE FROM CHARCOAL ANALYSIS FOR THE EXTENSIVE EXPLOITATION OF CORK-OAK (QUERCUS SUBER) FOREST IN THE ROMAN IMPERIAL PERIOD: THE VICUS OF THAMUSIDA (NW MOROCCO)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Fourth International Meeting of Anthracology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHARCOAL ANALYSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Firewood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roman imperial period</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8 - 13</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This work shows the preliminary results of the study of charcoal collected in the vicus of Thamusida – Sidi Ali ben Ahmed (Morocco), in the Roman province of Mauretania Tingitana. The charcoal assemblage gives information on the woody flora and the wood usage during a period from the second half of the 1st cent. AD to the 3rd cent. AD, during the Roman occupation of the site. Data suggest the presence of a Quercus suber forest in the close surrounding of the site, with larger extension with respect to the present-day Mamora forest. The presence of Vitis vinifera and Olea europaea in the agrarian landscape was also detected. The presence within the charcoal assemblages of Castanea sativa it is worth to note since its presence in the wild vegetation in the surrounding of the site is rather improbable</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Proceedings of the Fourth International Meeting of Anthracology&lt;br/&gt;issue: September 2008</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delhon, Claire</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thiébault, Stéphanie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berger, Jean-François</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment and landscape management during the Middle Neolithic in Southern France: Evidence for agro-sylvo-pastoral systems in the Middle Rhone Valley</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary International</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHARCOAL ANALYSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Neolithic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Rhone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation dynamics (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618208001262</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">200</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50 - 65</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rescue excavations in the Middle Rhone Valley have provided opportunities to develop innovative strategies for the study of palaeoenvironments. These strategies involve sampling and analysis of botanical remains, recovered not only from archaeological sites but also in ‘‘off-site’’ pedosedimentary sequences thought to be poor in botanical remains. Thus, these remains (phytoliths, pedocharcoal) give access to unexplored depositional contexts, such as alluvial plains. Moreover, off-site data are useful because they minimise the hazard of cultural bias (e.g., selection of species during wood gathering). Comparison of data collected in the alluvial plain with data obtained via anthracological analyses of karstic caves and rock-shelters in the hinterland suggests a complex agro-sylvopastoral management of the landscape during the Middle Neolithic. We propose a pattern that supposes considerable specialization in use of plains vs. slopes in the landscape, and a strong and continuous human pressure on the vegetation and soils between 4500 and 3500 cal BC. Nevertheless, these constraints are not sufﬁcient to explain the persistence of such a system for more than a millennium. Favourable climatic conditions are thought to have been a determining factor in the persistence of an ecologically meta-stable relationship between human societies and their natural environment.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vannière, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colombaroli, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chapron, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leroux, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinner, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magny, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate versus human-driven fire regimes in Mediterranean landscapes: the Holocene record of Lago dell’Accesa (Tuscany, Italy)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary Science Reviews</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHARCOAL ANALYSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climatic conditions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire regime</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollen analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation history (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379108000620</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1181 - 1196</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A high-resolution sedimentary charcoal record from Lago dell’Accesa in southern Tuscany reveals numerous changes in fire regime over the last 11.6kyr cal.BP and provides one of the longest gap-free series from Italy and the Mediterranean region. Charcoal analyses are coupled with gamma density measurements, organic-content analyses, and pollen counts to provide data about sedimentation and vegetation history. A comparison between fire frequency and lake-level reconstructions from the same site is used to address the centennial variability of fire regimes and its linkage to hydrological processes. Our data reveal strong relationships among climate, fire, vegetation, and land-use and attest to the paramount importance of fire in Mediterranean ecosystems. The mean fire interval (MFI) for the entire Holocene was estimated to be 150yr, with a minimum around 80yr and a maximum around 450yr. Between 11.6 and 3.6kyrcal.BP, up to eight high-frequency fire phases lasting 300–500yr generally occurred during shifts towards low lake-level stands (ca 11,300, 10,700, 9500, 8700, 7600, 6200, 5300, 3400, 1800 and 1350cal. yrBP). Therefore, we assume that most of these shifts were triggered by drier climatic conditions and especially a dry summer season that promoted ignition and biomass burning. At the beginning of the Holocene, high climate seasonality favoured fire expansion in this region, as inmany other ecosystems of the northern and southern hemispheres. Human impact affected fire regimes and especially fire frequencies since the Neolithic (ca 8000–4000cal.yrBP). Burning as a consequence of anthropogenic activities becamemore frequent after the onset of the Bronze Age (ca 3800–3600cal. yrBP) and appear to be synchronous with the development of settlements in the region, slash-and-burn agriculture, animal husbandry, and mineral exploitation. The anthropogenic phases with maximum fire activity corresponded to greater sensitivity of the vegetation and triggered significant changes in vegetational communities (e.g. temporal declines of Quercus ilex forests and expansion of shrublands and macchia). The link between fire and climate persisted during the mid- and late Holocene, when human impact on vegetation and the fire regime was high. This finding suggests that climatic conditions were important for fire occurrence even under strongly humanised ecosystem conditions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11-12</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Figueiral, Isabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorge, Susana O.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Man-Made Landscapes From the Third–Second Millennia Bc: the Example of Castelo Velho (Freixo De Numão, North-East Portugal)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHARCOAL ANALYSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evergreen oaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation changes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-0092.2008.00300.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119 - 133</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The analysis of charred plant material from Castelo Velho (northeastern Portugal) yields information about the environmental background of a long-term architectural project. Work focuses on the physical characteristics of this sui generis site and on the interrelationships between human communities and their vegetal environment. Important vegetation changes are recorded despite the fact that site ‘occupation’is considered to be sporadic and therefore causing only minor anthropogenic impact. Evergreen oaks (Quercus, evergreen) dominate during the ﬁrst two stratigraphic layers but are replaced by the tree-strawberry (Arbutus unedo) during a third layer. This change may result from a premeditated woodland management, ensuring that the site remained visible in the distance. Special attention is given to the plant assemblage and broken pottery found in a sealed structure (layer 3) and thought to have served a ‘ritual’ purpose. Seeds of Triticum aestivum/ compactum are largely predominant.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badal, Ernestina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernabeu, Joan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VERNET, J. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation changes and human action from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age (7000–4000 BP) in Alicante, Spain, based on charcoal analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation History and Archaeobotany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bronze</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHARCOAL ANALYSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neolithic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/V4M715017P1K1UV9.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">155 - 166</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charcoal analysis reveals various palaeo-eco- logical phases from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Ag- riculture starts about 7000 B.P. in favourable ecological conditions. Most of the charcoal spectra from sites iin the coast represent thermomediterranean holm-oak forest; those from the inland mountains represent mesome- diterranean holm-oak forest. The Neolithic I Impressed Ware people were the first to clear the forest to plant their crops. This clearance of primary woodland resulted in the development of secondary vegetation of pine woods or scrub. The scrub reached its maximum during the Bell Beaker phase and Bronze Age in the Cova de les Cendres. In the Neolithic II open air sites, the percent- ages of Quercus ilex/coccifera remain high. This may be the result of a different exploitation of the land, or suit- able conditions for the growth and survival of the vegeta- tion.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>