<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maisto, Giulia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santorufo, Lucia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arena, Carmen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heavy metal accumulation in leaves affects physiological performance and litter quality of Quercus ilex L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioindicator</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heavy metal contamination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maximum PSII photochemical efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban environment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">176</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">776-784</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to investigate the relationships between leaf functional modifications and heavy metal concentrations of Quercus ilex L., a good bioindicator of air quality. In addition, as metal concentration in litter plays an important role in decomposition and, in turn, in biogeochemical cycles, samples of undecomposed and whole-leaf litter were analyzed for heavy metals. Leaves and leaf litter of Q. ilex were collected at six sites (roadsides, motorway sites, and urban parks) in Naples (Southern Italy) and characterized for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb concentrations. The investigated functional leaf traits were: leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry-matter content (LDMC), water content (WC), leaf relative water content (RWC), maximal PSII photochemical efficiency (F-v/F-m, variable fluorescence / maximal fluorescence), and total chlorophyll concentration. The motorways were the most contaminated sites, and Pb was the main responsible source of contamination. The metal contamination caused slight variation of F-v/F-m, suggesting that metals did not significantly alter functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus. On the other hand, it can be supposed that higher leaf deposit can cause an increase of pigment biosynthesis in response to the shading increase caused by dust deposition.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fantozzi, Federica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monaci, Fabrizio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blanusa, Tijana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bargagli, Roberto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm Oak (Quercus ilex L.) canopy as interceptor of airborne trace elements and their accumulation in the litter and topsoil</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Airborne metals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaves litter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Topsoil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban environment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89 - 95</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We investigated the role of urban Holm Oak (Quercus ilex L.) trees as an airborne metal accumulators and metals' environmental fate. Analyses confirmed Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn as a main contaminants in Siena's urban environment; only Pb concentrations decreased significantly compared to earlier surveys. Additionally, we determined chemical composition of tree leaves, litter and topsoil (underneath/outside tree crown) in urban and extra-urban oak stands. Most notably, litter in urban samples collected outside the canopy had significantly lower concentrations of organic matter and higher concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn than litter collected underneath the canopy. There was a greater metals' accumulation in topsoil, in samples collected under the tree canopy and especially near the trunk ('stemflow area'). Thus, in urban ecosystems the Holm Oak stands likely increase the soil capability to bind metals. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SI</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ELSEVIER SCI LTD</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ugolini, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tognetti, Roberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raschi, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacci, Laura</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L. as bioaccumulator for heavy metals in urban areas: Effectiveness of leaf washing with distilled water and considerations on the trees distance from traffic</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban Forestry &amp; Urban Greening</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heavy metals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internal concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traffic pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban environment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier GmbH.</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years the use of plants as bioaccumulators or bioindicators has increased because enable the prediction of pollution for monitoring purposes, even in urban environments where traffic is a major source of heavy metals pollution. In this study we hypothesized holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) a valid trapping species for heavy metals. We also hypothesized that metals capture capacity by deposition on the crown is connected to the surrounding environmental characteristics and the distance of trees from the source of pollution. The study was conducted in the city of Florence. Holm oaks were selected in different sites near to heavy traffic roads. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ba were analyzed through two methods: leaf washing with distilled water and leaf unwashing. One-year-old leaves (new leaves) were also compared with previous-year leaves (old leaves). Our results demonstrated the good capacity of this species to capture heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ba), particularly due to the presence of old leaves, which enhance the crown deposition surface. Washing was effective and it allowed testing the behaviour with regard to microelements: new leaves showed high Cu concentration, while old leaves had high Pb concentration. The dispersion of metals through the atmosphere was assessed through regression analysis, in two comparable gardens: leaves at farther distance from the traffic were richer in Zn, Pb, Mn, and Ba. The physical context of the surrounding environment was probably altering the distribution of heavy metals as barriers to dispersion, which can reach tens of metres from the source of pollution. Therefore, this work suggests that wind modelling and trees distribution and characteristics should be taken into consideration to evaluate the pollutants dispersion, especially for planning of recreational urban green areas.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ugolini, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tognetti, Roberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raschi, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacci, Laura</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L. as bioaccumulator for heavy metals in urban areas: Effectiveness of leaf washing with distilled water and considerations on the trees distance from traffic</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban Forestry &amp; Urban Greening</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heavy metals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internal concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traffic pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban environment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1618866713000587</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years the use of plants as bioaccumulators or bioindicators has increased because enable the prediction of pollution for monitoring purposes, even in urban environments where traffic is a major source of heavy metals pollution. In this study we hypothesized holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) a valid trapping species for heavy metals. We also hypothesized that metals capture capacity by deposition on the crown is connected to the surrounding environmental characteristics and the distance of trees from the source of pollution. The study was conducted in the city of Florence. Holm oaks were selected in different sites near to heavy traffic roads. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ba were analyzed through two methods: leaf washing with distilled water and leaf unwashing. One-year-old leaves (new leaves) were also compared with previous-year leaves (old leaves). Our results demonstrated the good capacity of this species to capture heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ba), particularly due to the presence of old leaves, which enhance the crown deposition surface. Washing was effective and it allowed testing the behaviour with regard to microelements: new leaves showed high Cu concentration, while old leaves had high Pb concentration. The dispersion of metals through the atmosphere was assessed through regression analysis, in two comparable gardens: leaves at farther distance from the traffic were richer in Zn, Pb, Mn, and Ba. The physical context of the surrounding environment was probably altering the distribution of heavy metals as barriers to dispersion, which can reach tens of metres from the source of pollution. Therefore, this work suggests that wind modelling and trees distribution and characteristics should be taken into consideration to evaluate the pollutants dispersion, especially for planning of recreational urban green areas.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier GmbH.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monaci, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bargagli, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barium and other trace metals as indicators of vehicle emissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">accumulative bioindication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siena</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trace element pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban environment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89-98</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the Siena urban environment, unwashed Q when leaves had a significantly higher Al, Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Ti, and V content than samples from a neighbouring Mediterranean maquis. Significant relationships between element pairs indicated both the presence of metals emitted by motor vehicles and lithophilic elements, presumably from soil particles, resuspended by wind or turbulence generated by traffic. In order to minimize the effects of soil dust contamination and to seek clues to the metal sources, the estimated substrate contribution was subtracted from the raw concentrations of elements in Q. ilex leaves. Normalization for local soil composition confirmed that automotive emissions are the principal source of pollution in Siena. On the basis of a very significant relationship between normalized concentrations of Pb and Ba and the presence of the latter element in diesel and unleaded gasoline, Ba was recognized as a valuable tracer for vehicle emissions, in the place of Pb.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>