<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baldocchi, Dennis D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, Liukang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">What limits evaporation from Mediterranean oak woodlands – The supply of moisture in the soil, physiological control by plants or the demand by the atmosphere?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advances in Water Resources</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecohydrology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evaporation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus douglasii</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">savanna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transpiration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0309170807000577</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2113 - 2122</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The prediction of evaporation from Mediterranean woodland ecosystems is complicated by an array of climate, soil and plant factors. To provide a mechanistic and process-oriented understanding, we evaluate theoretical and experimental information on water loss of Mediterranean oaks at three scales, the leaf, tree and woodland. We use this knowledge to address: what limits evaporation from Mediterranean oak woodlands – the supply of moisture in the soil, physiological control by plants or the demand by the atmosphere? The Mediterranean climate is highly seasonal with wet winters and hot, dry summers. Consequently, available sunlight is in surplus, causing potential evaporation to far exceed available rainfall on an annual basis. Because the amount of precipitation to support woody plants is marginal, Mediterranean oaks must meet their limited water supply by a variety of means. They do so by: (1) constraining the leaf area index of the landscape by establishing a canopy with widely spaced trees; (2) reducing the size of individual leaves; (3) by adopting physiological characteristics that meter the use of water (e.g. regulating stomatal, leaf nitrogen/photosynthetic capacity and/or hydraulic conductance); (4), by tapping deep supplies of water in the soil; (5) and/or by adopting a deciduous life form, which reduces the time interval that the vegetation transpires.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anselmi, Silvia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiesi, Marta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giannini, Monica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manes, Fausto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maselli, Fabio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estimation of Mediterranean forest transpiration and photosynthesis through the use of an ecosystem simulation model driven by remotely sensed data</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Ecology and Biogeography</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AVHRR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST-BGC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transpiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water efficiency</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00101.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">371 - 380</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aim This paper investigates the use of an ecosystem simulation model, FOREST-BGC, to estimate the main ecophysiological processes (transpiration and photosynthesis) of Mediterranean coastal forest areas using remotely sensed data. Location Model testing was carried out at two protected forest sites in central Italy, one of which was covered by Turkey oak (Circeo National Park) and the other by holm-oak (Castelporziano Estate). Methods At both sites, transpiration and photosynthesis measurements were collected in the field during the growing seasons over a four-year period (1999 and 2001 for the Turkey oak; 1997, 1999 and 2000 for the holm-oak). Calibration of the model was obtained through combining information derived from ground measurements and remotely sensed data. In particular, remote sensing estimates of the Leaf Area Index derived from 1 × 1-km NOAA AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data were used to improve the adaptation of the model to local forest conditions. Results The results indicated different strategies regarding water use efficiency, ‘water spending’ for Turkey oak and ‘water saving’ for holm-oak. The water use efficiency for the holm-oak was consistently higher than that for the Turkey oak and the relationship between VPD and WUE for the holm-oak showed a higher coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9238). Comparisons made between the field measurements of transpiration and photosynthesis and the model estimates showed that the integration procedure used for the deciduous oak forest was effective, but that there is a need for further studies regarding the sclerophyllous evergreen forest. In particular, for Turkey oak the simulations of transpiration yielded very good results, with errors lower than 0.3 mm H2O/day, while the simulation accuracy for photosynthesis was lower. In the case of holm-oak, transpiration was markedly overestimated for all days considered, while the simulations of photosynthesis were very accurate. Main conclusions Overall, the approach offers interesting operational possibilities for the monitoring of Mediterranean forest ecosystems, particularly in view of the availability of new satellite sensors with a higher spatial and temporal resolution, which have been launched in recent years.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Science Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, O. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveira, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martins-Loução, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catarino, F. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of bark-stripping on the water relations of Quercus suber L</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientia gerundensis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bark-stripping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transpiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water relations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195 - 204</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber is the primary source of industrial cork and can produce cork every 9-10 years. The main objective of this work was to investigate the influence of bark stripping on the stomatal activity and water relations of cork-oak. For this purpose, diurnal changes on transpiration, stomatal conductance and water potencial were measured before and after bark stripping during July and August 1989 and 1990. The stripping on the trees had been done at various intensities. The water loss by the stripped surface was also measured. These results show that severe bark-stripping may lead to a decrease in stomatal conductance and considerable water losses. The stripping stress is not clearly dependent on the stripping coefficients, but rather on the water lost by the trunk which varies from tree to tree probably according to the phloemic tissues composition.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weber, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tenhunen, J. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lange, O. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of temperature at constant air dew point on leaf carboxylation efficiency and CO 2 compensation point of different leaf types</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Planta</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carboxylation efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compensation point (CO2)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosynthesis (temperature-humidity)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sclerophyll</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transpiration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1985</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1985///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/W3643PW3146731W3.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">166</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81 - 88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of temperature on photosyn- thesis at constant water-vapor pressure in the air was investigated using two sclerophyll species, Ar- butus unedo and Quercus suber, and one meso- phytic species, Spinacia oleracea. Photosynthesis and transpiration were measured over a range of temperatures, 20-39 ~ C. The external concentra- tion of CO 2 was varied from 340 ~tbar to near CO 2 compensation. The initial slope (carboxylation effi- ciency, CE) of the photosynthetic response to inter- cellular CO 2 concentration, the CO 2 compensation point (/-), and the extrapolated rate of CO 2 re- leased into COa-free air (Ri) were calculated. At an external CO 2 concentration of 320-340 labar CO2, photosynthesis decreased with temperature in all species. The effect of temperature on F was similar in all species. While CE in S. oleracea changed little with temperature, CE decreased by 50% in Q. suber as temperature increased from 25 to 34 ~ C. Arbutus unedo also exhibited a de- crease in CE at higher temperatures but not as marked as Q. suber. The absolute value of Ri in- creased with temperature in S. oleracea, while changing little or decreasing in the sclerophylls. Variations in F and Ri of the sclerophyll species are not consistent with greater increase of respira- tion with temperature in the light in these species compared with S. oleracea.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>