<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonanomi, Giuliano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incerti, Guido</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giannino, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mingo, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lanzotti, Virginia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mazzoleni, Stefano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litter quality assessed by solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy predicts decay rate better than C/N and Lignin/N ratios</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Biology and Biochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C stocks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C-cycle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litterbag</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component regression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proximate cellulose and lignin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071712001046</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40 - 48</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predictions of litter decomposition rates are critical for modelling biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and forecasting organic carbon and nutrient stock balances. Litter quality, besides climatic conditions, is recognized as a main factor affecting decay rates and it has been traditionally assessed by the C/N and lignin/N ratios of undecomposed materials. Here, solid state 13 C NMR spectroscopy and proximate chemical analysis have been used to characterize litter organic C in a litterbag experiment with 64 different litter types decomposing under controlled conditions of temperature and water content. A statistical comparative analysis provided evidence that C/N and lignin/N ratios, showing different trends of correlation with decay rates at different decomposition stages, can be used to describe the quality of undecomposed litter, but are unable to predict mass loss of already decomposed materials. A principal component regression (PCR) model based on 13 C NMR spectra, ﬁtted and cross-validated by using either two randomly selected sets of litter types, showed highly ﬁtting predictions of observed decay rates throughout the decomposition process. The simple ratio 70e75/52e57 corresponding to Oalkyl C of carbohydrates and methoxyl C of lignin, respectively, showed the highest correlation with decay rate among different tested parameters. These ﬁndings enhance our understanding of litter quality, and improve our ability to predict decomposition dynamics. The 13 C NMR-based 70e75/52e57 ratio is proposed as an alternative to C/N and lignin/N ratios for application in experimental and modelling work</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baldantoni, Daniela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellino, Alessandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manes, Fausto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alfani, Anna</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone fumigation of Quercus ilex L. slows down leaf litter decomposition with no detectable change in leaf composition</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litter bags and mesocosms</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">571 - 578</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The evaluation of changes in litter decomposition rate due to increasing trend in tropospheric ozone is an emerging field of investigation, providing relevant information on long-term forest ecosystem sustainability. This research aims to clarify the effects of ozone exposure on Quercus ilex leaf chemical composition and decomposition slow down. Young plants were fumigated in growth chambers at a cumulative dose of 17.15 ppm h. To assess the fumigation effectiveness, stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis were monitored. Leaves were analysed for C, N, S, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, total soluble sugars, starch, acid-detergent fibre (ADF), lignin and cellulose prior to the incubation in litter bags in mesocosms, and during decomposition along 395 days. Ozone-exposed leaves showed a significant reduction in net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance but did not differ from control leaves in all the chemical parameters analysed. Nevertheless, leaf decomposition rate was lower in treated leaves. The main differences between the models describing the mass loss in exposed and control leaves were played by ADF for exposed leaves and by lignin for control leaves, as well as by N, that showed a greater contribution in the model for the exposed leaves. Ozone fumigation of Q. ilex results in leaf litter decomposition slowing down, mainly due to ADF joint dynamics with the other variables describing mass decay, even if no detectable changes in initial leaf composition occur.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SPRINGER FRANCE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruder, Andreas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chauvet, Eric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gessner, Mark O.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litter diversity, fungal decomposers and litter decomposition under simulated stream intermittency</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aquatic hyphomycetes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biodiversity and ecosystem functioning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stream intermittency</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01903.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1269 - 1277</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. The drying of stream channels resulting from flow interruption is expected to increase as a consequence of climate change. Implications for aquatic organisms and processes are profound. We assessed whether riparian diversity can partially buffer against consequences of drying on fungal decomposers and leaf litter decomposition, an important ecosystem process. 2. Our central hypothesis was that during dry periods recalcitrant leaf litter with high water-holding capacity would extend the window of opportunity for microbial activity in less recalcitrant litter when both litter types are mixed, and that this would lead to a positive litter diversity effect on decomposition. To test for such interactive effects, we conducted a diversity experiment in a Mediterranean stream, in which alder and oak litter, and a mixture of both, was subjected to various drying regimes differing in intensity and timing. 3. Drying regime affected both fungal decomposers and the decomposition rate of alder litter. Effects were observed both immediately and 3 weeks after stream flow resumed. Small differences in the timing of the dry period influenced both decomposition rate and measures of fungal performance (i.e. biomass and sporulation activity). Litter mixing, in contrast, had no effect on either decomposition or fungal decomposers, although mixing increased moisture retention in alder litter as required for the mechanism hypothesized to lead to a diversity effect. 4. Given the contrasting traits of the litter types used in the experiment, our results imply that riparian tree diversity is unlikely to buffer against increased frequencies of stream flow disruption expected in the face of climate change. It appears, however, that the precise timing of dry periods and high-flow events will strongly influence the extent to which stream food webs can exploit the resources supplied by riparian vegetation in the form of leaf litter.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coulis, Mathieu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hättenschwiler, Stephan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapior, Sylvie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coq, Sylvain</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The fate of condensed tannins during litter consumption by soil animals</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Biology and Biochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glomeris marginata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macrofauna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyphenols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pomatias elegans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree leaf litter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071709003599</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2573 - 2578</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Condensed tannins (CT) can strongly affect litter decomposition, but their fate during the decomposition process, in particular as inﬂuenced by detritivore consumption, is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that litter CT are reduced by the gut passage of two functionally distinct detritivores of Mediterranean forests, the millipede Glomeris marginata, and the land snail Pomatias elegans, as a ﬁxed proportion of initial litter CT, but more so in Pomatias since snails are known to have a more efﬁcient enzymatic capacity. Contrary to our hypothesis, both detritivore species reduced litter CT to near zero in their faecal pellets irrespective of the wide range in initial leaf litter CT concentrations of 9–188 mg g 1 d m among three Mediterranean tree species (Pistacia terebinthus, Quercus ilex, Alnus glutinosa) and different decomposition stages of their litter. The almost complete disappearance of CT even from some litter types highly concentrated in CT, due to either degradation by gut microorganism or complexation of CT into insoluble high molecular weight structures, suggests a high ‘‘de-tanning’’ efﬁciency across functionally distinct detritivore species. The transformation of CT-rich litter into virtually CT-free faecal pellets by detritivores might be highly relevant for the subsequent decomposition process in ecosystems with a high macrofauna abundance and CT-rich plant species such as Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abelho, Manuela</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf-Litter Mixtures Affect Breakdown and Macroinvertebrate Colonization Rates in a Stream Ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Review of Hydrobiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">richness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shredders</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200811159</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">436 - 451</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous work in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has suggested that the relationship between breakdown rates of leaf litter and plant species richness may change unpredictability due to non-additive effects mediated by the presence of key-species. By using single- and mixed-species leaf bags (7 possible combinations of three litter species differing in toughness; common alder [Alnus glutinosa ], sweet chestnut [Castanea sativa ], and Spanish oak [Quercus ilex ilex ]), I tested whether leaf species diversity, measured as richness and composition, affects breakdown dynamics and macroinvertebrate colonization (abundance, richness and composition) during 90 days incubation in a stream. Decomposition rates were additive, i.e., observed decomposition rates were not different from expected ones. However, decomposition rates of individual leaf species were affected by the mixture, i.e., there were species-specific responses to mixing litter. The invertebrate communities colonizing the mixtures were not richer and more diverse in mixtures than in single-species leaf bags. On the opposite, mixing leaf species had a negative, non-additive effect on rates of shredder and taxa colonization and on macroinvertebrate diversity. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: WILEY-VCH Verlag</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andres, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Athias-Binche, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decomposition of the organic matter in two forest ecosystems (Natural Park of Montseny, Spain) - I. Abundance, biomass and distribution of the soil microarthropods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VIE ET MILIEU-LIFE AND ENVIRONMENT</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">green oak woodlands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microarthropods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215 - 225</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper represents the first part of a larger work concerning the importance of the oribatid mites in the edaphic trophic chains of two forests (holm-oak and beech woods) under Mediterranean conditions. We offer here the data relating to annual changes of abundance, biomass and vertical distribution of the mesofauna sorted according taxonomic and trophic criteria. The soil was divided into three layers : fresh fallen leaves (L), fermentation layer (F) and organic horizon (S). Rate of leaf imput, dynamics of decomposition, environmental trophic supply, physical structure of the soil and seasonal drought constitute the factors determining the richness and the spatial arrangement of the fauna.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: LABORATOIRE ARAGO, BP 44, 66651 BANYULS-SUR-MER CEDEX, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: OBSERVATOIRE OCEANOLOGIQUE BANYULS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortez, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bouché, M. B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Field decomposition of leaf litters: earthworm–microorganism interactions—the ploughing-in effect</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Biology and Biochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">earthworm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microbial decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ploughing-in (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">weight loss</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071797001648</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">795 - 804</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We describe a new decomposition model including the consequences of earthworm mechan- ical activity, especially the ploughing-in eect. In an experiment we tested this ploughing-in eect on the disappearance of leaf litter from four tree species (sessile oak, Quercus petraea L., holm oak, Quer- cus ilex L., sweet chestnut, Castanea sativa Mill and beech, Fagus sylvatica L.) during two 2 y exposure at the site of Anduze which contained the highest earthworm biomass. Our experiment, carried out with leaf litter placed in litterbags allowing (0.5 cm mesh size) or preventing (0.1 cm mesh size) the access of earthworms, con®rms (1) the rates of litter decomposition observed in the ®rst experiment and (2) the important eect of earthworms on litter decomposition (from 20.5% to 30.2% depending on the litter). The breakdown of the dierent litters by soil fauna varied from 24.2% to 40.6% depending on the litters after 2 y exposure in the ®eld at Anduze and the litter decomposition rate was increased by a mean factor of about 5.2. We describe a technique for detecting litter contamination attributed to earthworm casts. This technique is based on the change of the litter total weight loss (TWL)-to-litter total C loss (TCL) ratios which varied from 0.652 to 0.915 in the presence of earthworms and were close to 1 (from 0.952 to 0.995) in the absence of earthworms. We assumed that this large change in these ratios indicated a mineral contamination of litters due to earthworm casting. This hypothesis was con®rmed by the litter ash contents varying from 2.6% to 9.6% with earthworms and from 1.3% to 2.1% without earthworms only. These results point out the ecological importance of contamination of the litter by casts during decomposition.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angelis, P. De</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scarascia-Mugnozza, G. E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long-term CO 2-enrichment in a Mediterranean natural forest: An application of large Open Top Chambers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elevated CO3</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf litter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forest (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653597101217</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">763 - 770</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is crucial to be able to anticipate the possible effects of environmental changes on the Mediterranean woodland communities given their essential role on protecting lands that are under a strong pressure by man and climate. Predictions of the effects of increasing C0~ concentration on plants have been inferred by short- and long-term studies, conducted at different scales and by different technologies. Open Top Chambers (OTCs) are experimental facilities that have been widely used to expose field grown plants to different pollutant gases, and more recently to elevated [CO2] . In this paper, we present the natural site and the experimental system (six large OTCs enclosing clumps of natural vegetation) that we have been utilizing for 3 years, to assess the impact of elevated [CO2] on a Mediterranean natural forest community. The results show that large OTCs can be usefully used to simulate C02 doubling even under the harsh environmental conditions of the mediteffanean region</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record></records></xml>