<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frosch, Birgit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deil, Ulrich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freiburg</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest vegetation on sacred sites of the Tangier Peninsula (NW Morocco) - discussed in a SW-Mediterranean context</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytocoenologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climax</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evergreen mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">holy forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maghreb</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">marabout</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercetea ilicis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sacred grove</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269X/2011/0041-0503</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153 - 181</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest stands on sacred sites can document climax or preclimax vegetation. However, little is known about the potential climax character of sacred sites in Morocco. We studied the vegetation of Muslim sacred sites and graveyards in rural regions of the Tangier Peninsula in Northwest Morocco. Sacred sites were chosen according to a pre-stratified random sampling method, taking climatic and edaphic patterns into account. In tree stands of 68 sacred sites 140 phytosociological relevés were sampled and classified. In an attempt to evaluate their degree of preservation, the best preserved holy forests were compared with reference data of similar forest communities, recorded mainly on non-sacred sites in southern Spain and Portugal, and northern Morocco and Algeria. The forested vegetation of sacred sites shows a great variety. Abiotic factors, such as substrate and bioclimate, and human interventions (grazing, fire, a.o.) were found to be important differentiating factors. Besides well-conserved forests, a broad spectrum of degradation stages was documented. Most stands still shelter the original tree species combination, but vertical structure and floristic composition of the herb layer are strongly modified. Processes related to anthropo-zoogenic pressure, like therophytization, ruderalisation and overaging of the tree layer occur despite religious taboos. Near-natural holy forests belong to various subtypes of the Teucrio baetici-Quercetum suberis and the Rusco hypophylli-Quercetum cocciferae. In comparison to forests on non-sacred sites, these holy forests are very well preserved, as is indicated by the presence of strict forest species of the Quercetalia ilicis and the Querco-Oleion sylvestris, by transgressives of the Quercetalia pubescentis, and by a high constancy and abundance of ombro- and mesophilous taxa. Moreover, the comparison of phytosociological data from Morocco and Spain indicated an Ibero-Mauretanian distribution of several Quercus suber communities. In conclusion, sacred groves often seem to represent the potential natural vegetation. Exceptions are sacred groves with Wild Olive, which occur in an ecoregion where a thermomediterranean Quercus suber forest is considered to be the climax.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Stuttgart&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gauquelin, Thierry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bertaudiere, Valerie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montès, Nicolas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endangered stands of thuriferous juniper in the western Mediterranean basin: ecological status, conservation and management</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juniperus thurifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean basin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thuriferous juniper woodland</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/J5VL2061H3653038.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1479 - 1498</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thuriferous juniper is only found in isolated parts of the western Mediterranean: France (Alps, Pyrenees and Corsican highlands), Spain, Algeria and Morocco. These semi-arid mountain stands, where thuriferous juniper trees grow in low-density open woodland, are seriously endangered: (i) In the Atlas mountains, the thuriferous juniper stands are heavily degraded as a result of the intensive wood removal and livestock activity in these densely populated areas. This situation, which will soon become irreversible unless remedial measures are urgently taken, has produced impoverished soils and hillside instability while contributing to desertiﬁcation. (ii) In Spain, although livestock activity and cultivation have strongly reduced areas occupied by Juniperus thurifera, stands are still numerous and, in some regions, show a good regeneration due to conservation measures. (iii) In France, the decline in human and livestock activities over recent decades has led to a recolonization of some of the Juniper stands by pines or oak. A forest management system that enables these original stands to survive and regenerate must be undertaken without delay. The dynamics of evolution of these stands is quite different north and south of the Mediterranean. In both cases, conservation measures are urgently required to protect or rehabilitate these original stands with ﬂoristic, ecological and socio-economic interest.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cammeraat, L. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imeson, A. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deriving indicators of soil degradation from soil aggregation studies in southeastern Spain and southern France</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geomorphology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169555X98000129</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">307 - 321</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil degradation is perceived as a major threat in the Mediterranean region due to changes in land-use and possible future climate change. Soil aggregation parameters are used here to demonstrate their potential as a key-indicator for land degradation studies. The monitoring of these indicators offers a means of establishing the vulnerability and resilience of geo-ecosystems. Soil aggregation stability and distribution were studied on soils with an open shrubby vegetation cover, from several places in southeastern Spain and southern France, by applying drop tests and determining aggregate size distributions. Aspect and vegetation cover were incorporated in the soil sampling. Several indices were derived from these analyses to indicate the degree of soil aggregation. This was done by referencing to a base level of aggregation bare soil aggregation . It was found that soil aggregates were more stable and were often coarser under vegetation, when compared to . their immediate surrounding bare areas. A similar, slightly less clear effect was noted on N-facing exposed slopes when compared to S-facing exposed slopes. Long-term changes were found by studying cultivated land, abandoned fields and land covered by semi-natural vegetation, on comparable substrate and comparable land units. It is clear that soil aggregation and aggregate stability increases with time years . It is argued that soil aggregation indices can be used as a key-indicator for . degradation processes at a fine scale with implications for runoff and sediment generating processes at the hillslope scale</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-4</style></issue></record></records></xml>