<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aguilera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrio, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Araus, J. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voltas, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene changes in precipitation seasonality in the western Mediterranean Basin: a multi-species approach using δ13C of archaeobotanical remains</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Quaternary Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon isotopes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">charred grains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus halepensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1533</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">192 - 202</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precipitation has been of utmost importance in shaping the evolution of landscapes and human settlements in the Mediterranean. However, information on seasonal precipitation patterns through the Holocene is scarce. This study attempts to quantify the evolution of seasonal precipitation in the East Iberian Peninsula (5000 BC to AD 600) based on the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of archaeobotanical remains. Data on Holm oak, Aleppo pine and small-grain cereals were combined, and precipitation was inferred from models relating present-day records to the δ13C of modern samples. Subsequently, charred grains were used as a proxy for ancient moisture during April–May, whereas oak and pine charcoals provided complementary rainfall estimates for September–December and January–August, respectively. The results reveal aridity changes throughout the Holocene in the western Mediterranean. Past spring–summer precipitation was consistently higher than at present. In contrast, autumn and early winter precipitation showed stronger fluctuations, particularly during the first millennium BC, and often exhibited values below those of the present. The high contribution of autumn precipitation to the annual water budget, typical of the present Mediterranean climate, was definitively established at the beginning of the current era. This study shows how a combination of species holding complementary environmental signals can contribute to a wider knowledge of local precipitation dynamics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alessio, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anselmi, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conforto, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Improta, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manes, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manfra, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radiocarbon as a biomarker of urban pollution in leaves of evergreen species sampled in Rome and in rural areas (Lazio—Central Italy)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon isotopes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">co 2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lead</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5405-5416</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the present study is the use of 14 C, sampled in leaves of evergreen species, as a natural geochemical marker to estimate the contribution of artiﬁcial sources (heating plants, vehicles, etc.) to the complex of atmospheric gases in an urban environment. Leaves were chosen due to sampling easiness and their reliability: in particular the evergreen species, being exposed all the year round to pollutants are especially indicated for bioindication and biomonitoring studies. The response to atmospheric pollutants has been studied of two plant species (Quercus ilex L., Pinus pinea L.) measuring isotopic ( 14 r, d 13 C), chemical (Pb concentration) and ecophysiological (gaseous exchange and leaf ﬂuorescence of chlorophyll a) parameters. Leaves of holm-oaks and stone pine needles collected over a 3-year time span in an urban park in Rome (Villa Ada) and in reference localities outside the city on the Tyrrhenian coast and in the preAppennine area have been analysed. In Villa Ada measurements were carried out along a transect from the road bordering the park towards the interior; all the parameters, together in agreement, showed a decreasing pollution gradient towards the inner park. It was possible to estimate a 5.570.3% contribution of CO2 from fossil fuels close to the road, decreasing to 1.770.3% at o300 m from it towards the inner park. The isotopic analyses conducted on stone pines and holm-oaks show that 14 C provides indications on the degree of pollution from fossil fuels, while d 13 C appears to be conditioned mainly by the interspeciﬁc difference, and also by many other environmental factors that affect the plant functionality. Results conﬁrmed that radiocarbon is a useful tool in environmental studies, allowing to quantify the contributions of CO2 of anthropic origin: this parameter, together with appropriate isotopic, chemicaland ecophysiological analyses, could provide a good indication of the ‘‘air quality’’ in urban and rural contexts.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alessio, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anselmi, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conforto, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Improta, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manes, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manfra, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radiocarbon as a biomarker of urban pollution in leaves of evergreen species sampled in Rome and in rural areas (Lazio—Central Italy)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon isotopes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">co 2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lead</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231002004090</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5405 - 5416</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the present study is the use of 14 C, sampled in leaves of evergreen species, as a natural geochemical marker to estimate the contribution of artiﬁcial sources (heating plants, vehicles, etc.) to the complex of atmospheric gases in an urban environment. Leaves were chosen due to sampling easiness and their reliability: in particular the evergreen species, being exposed all the year round to pollutants are especially indicated for bioindication and biomonitoring studies. The response to atmospheric pollutants has been studied of two plant species (Quercus ilex L., Pinus pinea L.) measuring isotopic ( 14 r, d 13 C), chemical (Pb concentration) and ecophysiological (gaseous exchange and leaf ﬂuorescence of chlorophyll a) parameters. Leaves of holm-oaks and stone pine needles collected over a 3-year time span in an urban park in Rome (Villa Ada) and in reference localities outside the city on the Tyrrhenian coast and in the preAppennine area have been analysed. In Villa Ada measurements were carried out along a transect from the road bordering the park towards the interior; all the parameters, together in agreement, showed a decreasing pollution gradient towards the inner park. It was possible to estimate a 5.570.3% contribution of CO2 from fossil fuels close to the road, decreasing to 1.770.3% at o300 m from it towards the inner park. The isotopic analyses conducted on stone pines and holm-oaks show that 14 C provides indications on the degree of pollution from fossil fuels, while d 13 C appears to be conditioned mainly by the interspeciﬁc difference, and also by many other environmental factors that affect the plant functionality. Results conﬁrmed that radiocarbon is a useful tool in environmental studies, allowing to quantify the contributions of CO2 of anthropic origin: this parameter, together with appropriate isotopic, chemicaland ecophysiological analyses, could provide a good indication of the ‘‘air quality’’ in urban and rural contexts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></issue></record></records></xml>