<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pizarro, Consuelo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saenz-Gonzalez, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perez-del-Notario, Nuria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Gonzalez-Saiz, Jose</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microwave assisted extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a sensitive sample preparation method for the determination of haloanisoles and halophenols in cork stoppers and oak barrel sawdust</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOOD CHEMISTRY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork stopper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microwave assisted extraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak barrel</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELSEVIER SCI LTD</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2202-2210</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, a method based on microwave assisted extraction (MAE) in combination with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has been proposed as a new approach for the sensitive determination of cork taint responsible compounds in cork stoppers and oak barrel sawdust. For this purpose, haloanisoles and halophenols were extracted from the solid samples using a MAE method. Subsequently, a DLLME-derivatisation procedure was applied on the MAE extracts and the analytes were determined by gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Parameters affecting the DLLME-derivatisation method were exhaustively investigated by means of experimental design methodology. Once optimised, the proposed method showed satisfactory linearity (correlation coefficients over 0.991), repeatability (below 10.4%) and inter-day precision (below 11.2%). Detection limits obtained were similar or even lower than previously reported. The results obtained proved the suitability of the combination of MAE with DLLME as a sensitive sample preparation methodology for the analysis of haloanisoles and halophenols in solid enological matrices. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Varelas, Vassileios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanvicens, Nuria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M-Pilar-Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kintzios, Spiridon</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development of a cellular biosensor for the detection of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Talanta</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2 4 6-trichloroanisole (TCA)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioelectric recognition assay (BERA)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellular biosensor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Membrane-engineering</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">936-940</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) is a microbial metabolite formed from chlorophenols through the activity of several natural fungal strains present on the cork oak bark. TCA is the primary compound responsible for the mousty/mould off-odour known as “cork taint” present in cork stoppers, wine, water and alcoholic beverages. Chromatographic and electrochemical methods are currently used for the determination of TCA, however its detection at low concentrations remains a technical challenge. The aim of this study was the development of a rapid novel biosensor system based on the Bioelectric Recognition Assay (BERA). The sensor measured the electric response of cultured membrane-engineered fibroblast cells suspended in an alginate gel matrix due to the change of their membrane potential in the presence of the analyte. Membrane-engineered cells were prepared by osmotic insertion of 0.5 μg/l of specific TCA antibodies into the membrane of the cells. The BERA-based sensor was able to detect TCA in a few minutes (3–5 min) at extremely low concentrations (10−1 ppt), thus demonstrating higher sensitivity than the human sensory threshold. In addition, the assay was quite selective against other haloanisoles and halophenols structurally related to or co-occurring with TCA. Finally the sensor was tested against real white wine samples from cork soaks. At this real test, the BERA sensor was able to detect TCA from cork soaks rapidly (3–5 min) at very low concentrations (1.02–12 ng/l), covering the whole range for the detection threshold for wines (1.4–10 ng/l). Therefore, this novel biosensor offers new perspectives for ultra-rapid, ultra-sensitive and low-cost monitoring of TCA presence in cork and wine and possibly also other food commodities.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Álvarez-Rodríguez, María Luisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belloch, Carmela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villa, Mercedes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uruburu, Federico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larriba, Germán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coque, Juan-José R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Degradation of vanillic acid and production of guaiacol by microorganisms isolated from cork samples</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEMS Microbiology Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guaiacol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanillic acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wine aroma</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00053-3</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">220</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49 - 55</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The presence of guaiacol in cork stoppers is responsible for some cases of cork taint causing unpleasant alterations to wine. We have performed a characterization of the cork-associated microbiota by isolating 55 different microorganisms: eight yeast, 14 filamentous fungi or molds, 13 actinomycetes and 20 non-filamentous bacteria. A screening for degradation of vanillic acid and guaiacol production showed that none of the filamentous fungi could achieve any of these processes. By contrast, five of the eight yeast strains isolated were able to degrade vanillic acid, although it was not converted to guaiacol. Guaiacol production was only detected in four bacterial strains: one isolate of Bacillus subtilis and three actinomycetes, Streptomyces sp. A3, Streptomyces sp. A5 and Streptomyces sp. A13, were able to accumulate this compound in both liquid media and cultures over cork. These results suggest that guaiacol-mediated cork taint should be attributed to the degradative action of vanillic acid by bacterial strains growing on cork.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Álvarez-Rodríguez, María Luisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belloch, Carmela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villa, Mercedes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uruburu, Federico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larriba, Germán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coque, Juan-José R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Degradation of vanillic acid and production of guaiacol by microorganisms isolated from cork samples</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEMS Microbiology Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guaiacol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanillic acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wine aroma</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">220</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49-55</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The presence of guaiacol in cork stoppers is responsible for some cases of cork taint causing unpleasant alterations to wine. We have performed a characterization of the cork-associated microbiota by isolating 55 different microorganisms: eight yeast, 14 filamentous fungi or molds, 13 actinomycetes and 20 non-filamentous bacteria. A screening for degradation of vanillic acid and guaiacol production showed that none of the filamentous fungi could achieve any of these processes. By contrast, five of the eight yeast strains isolated were able to degrade vanillic acid, although it was not converted to guaiacol. Guaiacol production was only detected in four bacterial strains: one isolate of Bacillus subtilis and three actinomycetes, Streptomyces sp. A3, Streptomyces sp. A5 and Streptomyces sp. A13, were able to accumulate this compound in both liquid media and cultures over cork. These results suggest that guaiacol-mediated cork taint should be attributed to the degradative action of vanillic acid by bacterial strains growing on cork.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Butzke, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evans, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebeler, Susan</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waterhouse, Andrew L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebeler, Susan E</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Detection of Cork Taint in Wine Using Automated Solid-Phase MicroExtraction in Combination with GC/MS-SIM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry of Wine Flavor</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork stoppers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPME/GC-MS (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TCA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Chemical Society</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington DC</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">714</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15-208</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-8412-3592-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint is a musty/moldy off-odor in wine. It is related to the cork stopper, a wine bottle closure made from the bark of the cork oak (Quercus suber). In a correlation between sensory evaluation and chemical analysis, 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) has been identified as a major impact component. In sensitivity tests of a group of trained wine judges, a geometric mean of the minimum detectable concentrations of TCA has been determined at 4.6 ng/L. Solid Phase MicroExtraction (SPME) is a solvent-free sample preparation method based on the adsorption of analytes directiy from an aqueous sample onto a coated fused-silica fiber. Headspace SPME was used in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/ selective ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) to analyze for TCA in wine. Wines were spiked with TCA, and its deuterated stable isotope, 2H5-TCA, was used as an internal standard. The extraction fiber of the SPME, coated with polymethylsiloxane, was exposed for 25 minutes in the headspace of the sample vial, and then injected into the injection port of the GC-MS by a Varian 8200 CX autosampler. Limit of quantification of this method was 5 ng/L. The method was linear from 5 to 250 ng/L with an overall coefficient of variation for replicate analyses of less than 13%.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0714.ch015</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0714.ch015</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Butzke, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evans, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebeler, Susan</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waterhouse, Andrew L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebeler, Susan E.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Detection of Cork Taint in Wine Using Automated Solid-Phase MicroExtraction in Combination with GC/MS-SIM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry of Wine Flavor</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork stoppers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPME/GC-MS (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TCA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0714.ch015</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Chemical Society</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington DC</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">714</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15 - 208</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-8412-3592-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint is a musty/moldy off-odor in wine. It is related to the cork stopper, a wine bottle closure made from the bark of the cork oak (Quercus suber). In a correlation between sensory evaluation and chemical analysis, 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) has been identified as a major impact component. In sensitivity tests of a group of trained wine judges, a geometric mean of the minimum detectable concentrations of TCA has been determined at 4.6 ng/L. Solid Phase MicroExtraction (SPME) is a solvent-free sample preparation method based on the adsorption of analytes directiy from an aqueous sample onto a coated fused-silica fiber. Headspace SPME was used in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/ selective ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) to analyze for TCA in wine. Wines were spiked with TCA, and its deuterated stable isotope, 2H5-TCA, was used as an internal standard. The extraction fiber of the SPME, coated with polymethylsiloxane, was exposed for 25 minutes in the headspace of the sample vial, and then injected into the injection port of the GC-MS by a Varian 8200 CX autosampler. Limit of quantification of this method was 5 ng/L. The method was linear from 5 to 250 ng/L with an overall coefficient of variation for replicate analyses of less than 13%.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0714.ch015doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0714.ch015The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Chemistry of Wine Flavor&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0714.ch015</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Claus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Ulrich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of Cork Taint in Wine and Cork Material at Olfactory Subthreshold Levels by Solid Phase Microextraction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-4-6-trichloroanisole</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPME</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf970121r</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995 - 1997</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/jf970121rdoi: 10.1021/jf970121rThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: American Chemical Society</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Claus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Ulrich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of Cork Taint in Wine and Cork Material at Olfactory Subthreshold Levels by Solid Phase Microextraction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-4-6-trichloroanisole</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPME</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Chemical Society</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995-1997</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/jf970121r</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/jf970121r</style></research-notes></record></records></xml>