<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Álvarez-Rodríguez, María Luisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belloch, Carmela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villa, Mercedes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uruburu, Federico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larriba, Germán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coque, Juan-José R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Degradation of vanillic acid and production of guaiacol by microorganisms isolated from cork samples</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEMS Microbiology Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guaiacol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanillic acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wine aroma</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00053-3</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">220</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49 - 55</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The presence of guaiacol in cork stoppers is responsible for some cases of cork taint causing unpleasant alterations to wine. We have performed a characterization of the cork-associated microbiota by isolating 55 different microorganisms: eight yeast, 14 filamentous fungi or molds, 13 actinomycetes and 20 non-filamentous bacteria. A screening for degradation of vanillic acid and guaiacol production showed that none of the filamentous fungi could achieve any of these processes. By contrast, five of the eight yeast strains isolated were able to degrade vanillic acid, although it was not converted to guaiacol. Guaiacol production was only detected in four bacterial strains: one isolate of Bacillus subtilis and three actinomycetes, Streptomyces sp. A3, Streptomyces sp. A5 and Streptomyces sp. A13, were able to accumulate this compound in both liquid media and cultures over cork. These results suggest that guaiacol-mediated cork taint should be attributed to the degradative action of vanillic acid by bacterial strains growing on cork.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Butzke, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evans, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebeler, Susan</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waterhouse, Andrew L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebeler, Susan E.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Detection of Cork Taint in Wine Using Automated Solid-Phase MicroExtraction in Combination with GC/MS-SIM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry of Wine Flavor</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork stoppers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPME/GC-MS (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TCA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0714.ch015</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Chemical Society</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington DC</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">714</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15 - 208</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-8412-3592-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint is a musty/moldy off-odor in wine. It is related to the cork stopper, a wine bottle closure made from the bark of the cork oak (Quercus suber). In a correlation between sensory evaluation and chemical analysis, 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) has been identified as a major impact component. In sensitivity tests of a group of trained wine judges, a geometric mean of the minimum detectable concentrations of TCA has been determined at 4.6 ng/L. Solid Phase MicroExtraction (SPME) is a solvent-free sample preparation method based on the adsorption of analytes directiy from an aqueous sample onto a coated fused-silica fiber. Headspace SPME was used in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/ selective ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) to analyze for TCA in wine. Wines were spiked with TCA, and its deuterated stable isotope, 2H5-TCA, was used as an internal standard. The extraction fiber of the SPME, coated with polymethylsiloxane, was exposed for 25 minutes in the headspace of the sample vial, and then injected into the injection port of the GC-MS by a Varian 8200 CX autosampler. Limit of quantification of this method was 5 ng/L. The method was linear from 5 to 250 ng/L with an overall coefficient of variation for replicate analyses of less than 13%.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0714.ch015doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0714.ch015The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Chemistry of Wine Flavor&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0714.ch015</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Claus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Ulrich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of Cork Taint in Wine and Cork Material at Olfactory Subthreshold Levels by Solid Phase Microextraction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-4-6-trichloroanisole</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPME</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf970121r</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995 - 1997</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/jf970121rdoi: 10.1021/jf970121rThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: American Chemical Society</style></notes></record></records></xml>