<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boudeffa, Khaled</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brahmia, Zahra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benyacoub, Slim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breeding ecology of the Atlas Pied Flycatcher Ficedula speculigera in an old oak Quercus suber forest in northeastern Algeria</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bird Study</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clutch size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Capsule Low clutch size (CS) in the Atlas Pied Flycatcher breeding in evergreen Mediterranean forest was compensated for by relatively high overall reproductive success. Aims To describe the breeding ecology of the Atlas Pied Flycatcher Ficedula speculigera in detail for the first time, in an old oak Quercus suber forest. Methods A total of 102 nests were monitored during 2010?2012. Breeding phenology, population density, clutch and brood sizes, egg biometrics, breeding losses and breeding success were accurately determined. Results The species arrived in the breeding area in late April. Population density was very high with 4.87 (±1.02) pairs/ha. Mean egg laying date (LD) was 19 May and CS averaged 4.92 eggs. Hatching and fledging success were 88.7% and 83.5%, respectively. The number of fledged young averaged 3.8 (±1.66) and decreased with LD (4.2?±?1.45 chicks fledged per nest at the start of the season versus 2.8?±?1.56 at the end). Conclusion Lower CS compared to Ficedula hypoleuca populations was compensated by relatively high fledging success, thereby ensuring overall reproductive success of this species. Moreover, the Atlas Pied Flycatchers seem to benefit from the lower seasonality in their food in the evergreen habitat.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Touihri, Moez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villard, Marc-André</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charfi, Faouzia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cavity-nesting birds show threshold responses to stand structure in native oak forests of northwestern Tunisia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation targets</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dead Wood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological thresholds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woodpeckers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">325</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The detection of thresholds in forest bird response to gradients in forest alteration is a powerful approach to quantify their ecological requirements and to develop evidence-based targets for conservation. For this purpose, we analyzed the response of 31 forest bird species to a gradient in forest alteration by human activities (e.g. fire; grazing; firewood collection) in the Kroumirie region of northwestern Tunisia. We surveyed forest birds using point counts at 48 stations located throughout Feija National Park. From a data set of 12 vegetation variables, we obtained a gradient in forest alteration using a principal component analysis. Then, we modeled the probability of detection of bird species along this gradient using logistic regression. We selected the five most sensitive species as target species as indicated by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). Then, we quantified thresholds in their probability of detection as a function of four habitat structure variables: density of large-diameter trees (dbh&gt;30cm), canopy closure, density of snags, and downed woody material. Nineteen of 31 species exhibited a significant response to forest alteration (PCA1), including 7 positive and 12 negative responses. Among these, the five best models (AUC&gt;0.8) corresponded to Levaillant’s Woodpecker (Picus vaillantii), Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocops minor), Short-toed Treecreeper (Certhia brachydactyla), and Atlas Flycatcher (Ficedula speculgera). On the basis of their threshold values, we recommend to protect stands with densities of large-diameter trees of at least 650stemsha−1, and 207stemsha−1 of snags, to meet the structural requirements (90% probability of detection) of the most demanding species, respectively Levaillant’s Woodpecker and Atlas Flycatcher.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, Romà</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, Joan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbeta, Adrià</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asensio, Dolores</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, Daijun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alessio, Giorgio Arturo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foliar CO2 in a holm oak forest subjected to 15 years of climate change simulation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phillyrea latifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthetic rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A long-term experimental drought to simulate future expected climatic conditions for Mediterranean forests, a 15% decrease in soil moisture for the following decades, was conducted in a holm oak forest since 1999. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and leaf water potential were measured from 1999 to 2013 in Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia, two co-dominant species of this forest. These measurements were performed in four plots, two of them received the drought treatment and the two other plots were control plots. The three studied variables decreased with increases in VPD and decreases in soil moisture in both species, but the decrease of leaf water potential during summer drought was larger in P. latifolia, whereas Q. ilex reached higher net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance values during rainy periods than P. latifolia. The drought treatment decreased ca. 8% the net photosynthetic rates during the overall studied period in both Q. ilex and P. latifolia, whereas there were just non-significant trends toward a decrease in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance induced by drought treatment. Future drier climate may lead to a decrease in the carbon balance of Mediterranean species, and some shrub species well resistant to drought could gain competitive advantage relative to Q. ilex, currently the dominant species of this forest.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa, Augusta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madeira, Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lima Santos, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plieninger, Tobias</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seixas, Júlia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fragmentation patterns of evergreen oak woodlands in Southwestern Iberia: Identifying key spatial indicators</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Environmental Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest spatial pattern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak woodlands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus rotundifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479713007196</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">133</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18 - 26</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Mediterranean evergreen oak woodlands (composed of Quercus suber L. and Quercus rotundifolia Lam.) are becoming increasingly fragmented in the human-modified landscapes of Southwestern Portugal and Spain. Previous studies have largely neglected to assess the spatial changes of oak woodlands in relation to their surrounding landscape matrix, and to characterize and quantify woodland boundaries and edges. The present study aims to fill this gap by analyzing fragmentation patterns of oak woodlands over a 50-year period (1958–2007) in three landscapes. Using archived aerial imagery from 1958, 1995 and 2007, for two consecutive periods (1958–1995 and 1995–2007), we calculated a set of landscape metrics to compare woodland fragmentation over time. Our results indicated a continuous woodland fragmentation characterized by their edge dynamics. From 1958 to 2007, the replacement of open farmland by shrubland and by new afforestation areas in the oak woodland landscape surrounding matrix, led to the highest values for edge contrast length trends of 5.0 and 12.3, respectively. Linear discriminant analysis was performed to delineate fragmented woodland structures and identify metric variables that characterize woodland spatial configuration. The edge contrast length with open farmland showed a strong correlation with F1 (correlations ranging between 0.55 and 0.98) and may be used as a proxy for oak woodland mixedness in landscape matrix. The edge dynamics of oak woodlands may result in different patterns of oak recruitment and therefore, its study may be helpful in highlighting future baselines for the sustainable management of oak woodlands.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chakroun, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouillot, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nasr, Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nouri, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ennajah, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ourcival, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Performance of LAI-MODIS and the influence on drought simulation in a Mediterranean forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecohydrology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecohydrological Equilibrium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LAI-MODIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Stress Index</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1014-1028</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study investigates the benefits and methodological issues to integrate weekly 1 km Leaf Area Index (LAI) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (LAI-MODIS) (MOD15A2) satellite product in a distributed water budget model over a Mediterranean forested ecosystem of about 2553 km2 for drought assessment at regional scale. The high overestimation of LAI-MODIS compared to field measurements was corrected based on the calibration of high-resolution Satellites Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) images combined with ground measurements. The LAI-MODIS time series over the 2003 to 2009 period has been calibrated and integrated into a spatially explicit water budget model at the regional level using spatial information on vegetation, soil types and topoclimates. Actual LAI-MODIS scenario was tested against temporal and spatial null models to assess for the benefits of the regional heterogeneity from MODIS and its intra-annual and interannual variation in a water budget model. From water budget analyses at local and regional scales, we concluded that calibration of LAI-MODIS images was mandatory to enhance the correlation coefficient between measured and simulated daily actual transpiration. We estimated daily bias in the resulting ‘Water Stress Index’ to be slightly affected between constant and seasonally-varying LAI datasets. However, the interannual variability in LAI detected by MODIS followed LAI adjustments expected from the ecohydrological equilibrium hypothesis. This can significantly affect the simulated annual drought period features, so that integrating LAI-MODIS spatial and temporal variability into water budget models for evergreen Mediterranean vegetation can be a useful dataset when carbon allocation schemes in dynamic vegetation models are lacking, but should be carefully calibrated particularly in transitions towards semi-arid zones. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbeta, Adrià</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, Romà</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dampening effects of long-term experimental drought on growth and mortality rates of a Holm oak forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acclimation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">global-change-type drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phillyrea latifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation stabilizing processes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WILEY-BLACKWELL</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3133-3144</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests respond to increasing intensities and frequencies of drought by reducing growth and with higher tree mortality rates. Little is known, however, about the long-term consequences of generally drier conditions and more frequent extreme droughts. A Holm oak forest was exposed to experimental rainfall manipulation for 13years to study the effect of increasing drought on growth and mortality of the dominant species Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia, and Arbutus unedo. The drought treatment reduced stem growth of A. unedo (-66.5%) and Q. ilex (-17.5%), whereas P. latifolia remained unaffected. Higher stem mortality rates were noticeable in Q. ilex (+42.3%), but not in the other two species. Stem growth was a function of the drought index of early spring in the three species. Stem mortality rates depended on the drought index of winter and spring for Q. ilex and in spring and summer for P. latifolia, but showed no relation to climate in A. unedo. Following a long and intense drought (2005-2006), stem growth of Q. ilex and P. latifolia increased, whereas it decreased in A. unedo. Q. ilex also enhanced its survival after this period. Furthermore, the effect of drought treatment on stem growth in Q. ilex and A. unedo was attenuated as the study progressed. These results highlight the different vulnerabilities of Mediterranean species to more frequent and intense droughts, which may lead to partial species substitution and changes in forest structure and thus in carbon uptake. The response to drought, however, changed over time. Decreased intra- and interspecific competition after extreme events with high mortality, together with probable morphological and physiological acclimation to drought during the study period, may, at least in the short term, buffer forests against drier conditions. The long-term effects of drought consequently deserve more attention, because the ecosystemic responses are unlikely to be stable over time.Nontechnical summaryIn this study, we evaluate the effect of long-term (13years) experimental drought on growth and mortality rates of three forest Mediterranean species, and their response to the different intensities and durations of natural drought. We provide evidence for species-specific responses to drought, what may eventually lead to a partial community shift favoring the more drought-resistant species. However, we also report a dampening of the treatment effect on the two drought-sensitive species, which may indicate a potential adaptation to drier conditions at the ecosystem or population level. These results are thus relevant to account for the stabilizing processes that would alter the initial response of ecosystem to drought through changes in plant physiology, morphology, and demography compensation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simonson, William D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, Harriet D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coomes, David a.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remotely sensed indicators of forest conservation status: Case study from a Natura 2000 site in southern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Indicators</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Favourable conservation status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LiDAR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natura 2000</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">636-647</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The successful implementation of habitat conservation measures demands regular and spatially explicit monitoring and reporting on conservation status at a range of scales, based on indicators of both habitat range and condition (structure and functions required for long-term maintenance). Such is the case with the Natura 2000 protected areas in Europe. Focusing on the cork oak (Quercus suber) forests of one such area, the Serra de Monchique in southern Portugal, we test the complementarity and joint effectiveness of airborne multispectral and laser scanning (lidar) in providing robust indicators of conservation status. Principal forest types and other land covers are mapped to an accuracy of up to 70% (11 land cover classes) and 81% (5 classes) by fusing the two remote sensing datasets, results that are superior to using either one alone. Using previously tested relationships between lidar height metrics, forest vegetation structure and species diversity, we develop a map predicting areas of high (22% of area), medium (25%) and low (53%) condition. We recommend the further development and testing of remotely sensed range and condition indicators of conservation status for their application in important forested sites across Europe and beyond</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Barreda, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reyna, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Short-term dynamics of Quercus ilex advance regeneration in a Pinus nigra plantation after the creation of small canopy gaps</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST SYSTEMS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">group selection cutting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling resprout</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stand initiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">truffle</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179 - 188</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aim of the study: The aim of the research is to analyse the role of Quercus ilex advance regeneration in the stand regeneration of pine plantations after small-sized canopy openings, and to assess the influence of the forest stand and the canopy opening. The performance of the advance regeneration under the pine plantation is also examined. Area of study: A Pinus nigra plantation in dry Continental Mediterranean climate in eastern Spain. Material and methods: The tree regeneration of ten canopy openings of 0.17-0.43 ha was monitored during five years after treatment. It was also sampled in 0.12 ha-plots in the non-treated pine plantation surrounding the openings. Main results: An important increase in the height of Q. ilex regeneration was observed in the openings, unlike what was found in the intact pine plantation. In the pine plantation, stand density showed a moderate positive influence on the density of Q. ilex regeneration, whereas in the canopy gaps Q. ilex height was negatively influenced by stand density before the opening. Research highlights: The canopy opening triggered a response in Q. ilex advance regeneration, although height growth rates seemed to reduce over time. The results support the view that promoting Q. ilex in pine plantations may require different management strategies depending on the characteristics of the pine overstorey and on the density and size of the advance regeneration.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: CTRA CORUNA KM 7 5, MADRID, 28040, SPAIN&lt;br/&gt;publisher: INST NACIONAL INVESTIGACION TECHNOLOGIA AGRARIA ALIMENTARIA</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fares, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matteucci, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scarascia Mugnozza, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morani, a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calfapietra, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salvatori, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fusaro, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manes, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loreto, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Testing of models of stomatal ozone fluxes with field measurements in a mixed Mediterranean forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GPP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone ﬂuxes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance models</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242-251</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests close to urban areas are exposed to polluted plumes loaded with tropospheric ozone. This is the case of Castelporziano Estate, a 6000 ha Mediterranean forest 25 km from Rome downtown on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. In September 2011 we started an intensive ﬁeld campaign aimed at investigating ozone deposition from a mixed Mediterranean forest, mainly composed by Quercus suber, Quercus ilex, Pinus pinea. Measurements at canopy level with the eddy covariance technique were supported by a vegetation survey and the measurement of all environmental parameters which allowed to calculate stomatal ozone ﬂuxes. Leaf-level measurements were used to parameterize models to calculate stomatal conductance based on a Jarvis-type and BalleBerry approach. We show changes in magnitude of ozone ﬂuxes from a warm (September) to a cold period (OctobereDecember). Stomatal component explained almost the totality of ozone ﬂuxes during the cold days, but contributed only up to 50% to total ozone deposition during warm days, suggesting that other sinks (e.g. chemistry in the gas-phase) play a major role. Modeled stomatal ozone ﬂuxes based on a Jarvis-type approach (DO3SE) correlated with measured ﬂuxes better than using a BalleBerry approach. A third model based on a modiﬁed BalleBerry equation was proposed to account for the non-linear dependency of stomatal conductance on relative humidity. This research will help the development of metrics for ozone-risk assessment and advance our understanding of mixed Mediterranean forests in biosphereeatmosphere exchange.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henne, Paul D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elkin, Ché</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colombaroli, Daniele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samartin, Stéphanie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugmann, Harald</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heiri, Oliver</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinner, Willy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impacts of changing climate and land use on vegetation dynamics in a Mediterranean ecosystem: insights from paleoecology and dynamic modeling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abies alba</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chironomids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neolithic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10980-012-9782-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests near the Mediterranean coast have been shaped by millennia of human disturbance. Consequently, ecological studies relying on modern observations or historical records may have difﬁculty assessing natural vegetation dynamics under current and future climate. We combined a sedimentary pollen record from Lago di Massacciucoli, Tuscany, Italy with simulations from the LANDCLIM dynamic vegetation model to determine what vegetation preceded intense human disturbance, how past changes in vegetation relate to ﬁre and browsing, and the potential of an extinct vegetation type under present climate. We simulated vegetation dynamics near Lago di Massaciucoli for the last 7,000 years using a local chironomid-inferred temperature reconstruction with combinations of three ﬁre regimes (small infrequent, large infrequent, small frequent) and three browsing intensities (no browsing, light browsing, and moderate browsing), and compared model output to pollen data. Simulations with low disturbance support polleninferred evidence for a mixed forest dominated by Quercus ilex (a Mediterranean species) and Abies alba (a montane species). Whereas pollen data record the collapse of A. alba after 6000 cal yr BP, simulated populations expanded with declining summer temperatures during the late Holocene. Simulations with increased ﬁre and browsing are consistent with evidence for expansion by deciduous species after A. alba collapsed. According to our combined paleoenvironmental and modeling evidence, mixed Q. ilex and A. alba forests remain possible with current climate and limited disturbance, and provide a viable management objective for ecosystems near the Mediterranean coast and in regions that are expected to experience a mediterranean-type climate in the future.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garbulsky, Martín F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, Romà</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filella, Iolanda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf and stand-level carbon uptake of a Mediterranean forest estimated using the satellite-derived reflectance indices EVI and PRI</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Remote Sensing</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon uptake (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NDVI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photochemical reflectance index (PRI)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2012.718457</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1282 - 1296</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Various aspects of global environmental change affect plant photosynthesis, the primary carbon input in ecosystems. Thus, accurate methods of measuring plant photosynthesis are important. Remotely sensed spectral indices can monitor in detail the green biomass of ecosystems, which provides a measure of potential photosynthetic capacity. In evergreen vegetation types, however, such as Mediterranean forests, the amount of green biomass changes little during the growing season and, therefore, changes in green biomass are not responsible for changes in photosynthetic rates in those forests. This study examined the net photosynthetic rates and the diametric increment of stems in a Mediterranean forest dominated by Quercus ilex using three spectral indices (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and photochemical reflectance index (PRI)) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors. Average annual EVI accounted for 83% of the variability of the diametric increment of Q. ilex stems over a 10 year period. NDVI was marginally correlated with the diametric increment of stems. This study was the first to identify a significant correlation between net photosynthetic rates and radiation use efficiency at the leaf level using PRI derived from satellite data analysed at the ecosystem level. These results suggest that each spectral index provided different and complementary information about ecosystem carbon uptake in a Mediterranean Q. ilex forest.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/01431161.2012.718457doi: 10.1080/01431161.2012.718457The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Godinho, Carlos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roque, Inês</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marques, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branco, Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabaça, João Eduardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time to rethink the management intensity in a Mediterranean oak woodland: the response of insectivorous birds and leaf-chewing defoliators as key groups in the forest ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montados</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Context The Iberian cork oak Quercus suber montados are dynamic agro-silvo-pastoral systems, contrasting with the abandonment trend of other Mediterranean forested areas. &amp; Aims We aimed to identify the effect of management type and vegetation features on breeding insectivorous birds and leaf-chewing defoliator insects. &amp; Methods In central Portugal, we selected two groups of 20 sites: dense montados (DM, high cover of cork oaks and low cattle impact) and sparse montados (SM, low cover of oaks and high cattle impact). We collected variables associated with vegetation features, bird community and chewing defoliators. &amp; Results The two systems differed significantly in oak trunk diameter, oak and shrub cover, tree and shrub diversity. Ground bird densities were higher in SM with fragmented shrub cover. In DM, higher woody vegetation cover and diversity can promote shrub birds and leaf warblers. Oak defoliation was mainly attributed to the sawfly Periclista andrei. Sawfly defoliation was significantly higher in SM and negatively correlated with shrub cover. &amp; Conclusions Our results highlight (1) the relevance of management activities conducted at the shrubby layer, (2) the need of an increase in tree diversity and density and (3) the maintenance of a mosaic landscape in order to improve the bird community richness and reduce the defoliation impact in montado system.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ojea, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruíz-Benito, PALOMA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markandya, Anil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zavala, MIGUEL a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood provisioning in Mediterranean forests: A bottom-up spatial valuation approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Policy and Economics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic valuation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Non-sustainable harvest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainable harvest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timber provisioning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1389934112000743</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78 - 88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The science of ecosystem services has evolved signiﬁcantly in the last decade following an increase in interest in the understanding and valuation of these services. Forests provide important ecosystem services that supply societal needs, such as timber, but this provision is not free of conﬂicts derived from the intensive management of forests. A GIS based approach using data from national forest inventories allows us to identify the provision of timber services and to conduct its valuation. The analysis includes a sample of 37,761 plots for 38 commercial tree species in the Spanish Mediterranean region, where we identify sustainable and nonsustainable forests in terms of harvesting intensities and value both the ﬂow of beneﬁts and their net present value. From the analysis we conclude that non-sustainable forests are providing higher economic returns than sustainable forests for most abundant tree species. However, when analysing long term trends, results show that sustainable forests yield higher economic beneﬁts. This latter perspective is preferred when looking at the value of timber as a provisioning service of forests. According to our results, if we wish to encourage sustainability we need to (a) get lower discount rates adopted for the private sector and (b) ensure longer time horizons.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, Romà</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asensio, Dolores</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, Joan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlorophyll fluorescence responses to temperature and water availability in two co-dominant Mediterranean shrub and tree species in a long-term field experiment simulating climate change</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and Experimental Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlorophyll ﬂuorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cold</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fv/Fm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phillyrea latifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S009884721100178X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89 - 93</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A rain exclusion experiment simulating drought conditions expected in Mediterranean areas for the following decades (15% decrease in soil moisture) is being conducted since 1999 in a Mediterranean holm oak forest to study its response to the forecasted climatic changes for the coming decades. The maximum PSII quantum yield of primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) was measured in Quercus ilex, and Phillyrea latifolia, the co-dominant species of the studied forest, from 1999 to 2009 in four plots: two of them were control plots and the other two plots received the rain exclusion treatment. In both species, the Fv/Fm values were highly dependent on air temperatures, and in a second term, in water availability. P. latifolia was the species with the larger decrease in Fv/Fm values induced by low air temperatures, while in hot seasons, the Fv/Fm values in P. latifolia were even higher than in Q. ilex. Rainfall exclusion decrease Fv/Fm values signiﬁcantly only in few monitoring dates. The most drought resistant species P. latifolia was more affected by the experimental rainfall exclusion than Q. ilex that instead lost number of leaves per tree. There was a synergic effect of drought stress and winter cold in P. latifolia not observed in Q. ilex, but a more conservative strategy in P. latifolia maintaining leaves with a down-regulation of the linear photosynthetic electron transport. These results indicate that, although other physiological and reproductive strategies at whole plant level must be also taken into account, the warmer and drier environment expected for the following decades could favour the species more sensitive to cold and more resistant to drought, the shrub P. latifolia, in detriment of the tree Q. ilex as already observed in the ﬁeld after severe heat-drought episodes.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardans, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rivas-Ubach, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors affecting nutrient concentration and stoichiometry of forest trees in Catalonia (NE Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological stoichiometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest climate influence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree nutrient relationships</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112711005111</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">262</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024 - 2034</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although some studies have observed signiﬁcant correlations between latitude and climate gradients and tree leaf nutrient concentration and stoichiometry, others have not. This study examined the nutrient concentrations of tree leaves in 3530 plots of the Catalonian Forest Inventory. Catalonia is a Mediterranean region located in NE Iberian Peninsula. It has a long land-use history and includes the large industrial-urban area of Barcelona but still contains a large forest area (42%). In the forests of Catalonia, leaf nutrient concentration increased and leaf C:nutrient ratios decreased from south to north, which paralleled the increase in MAP (mean annual precipitation) and the decrease in MAT (mean annual temperature), which was expected in a Mediterranean climate where the availability of water is the most limiting factor for plant nutrient uptake. In addition, the availability of water, which inﬂuences productivity, was associated with low leaf N:P content ratios, which is consistent with the Growth Rate Hypothesis. At a regional scale, the results support the Soil-Age Hypothesis because the youngest soils in the Pyrenees had the lowest leaf N:P ratios. Furthermore, the type of forest (evergreen, deciduous, or coniferous) explained some of the variation in leaf nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry. Nutrient concentrations were highest in deciduous trees and lowest in coniferous trees. Leaf nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry were mainly correlated with climate, but other factors such as the chemical properties of soil and rock, phylogenetics, and different ecological histories and anthropogenic factors such as pollution, had an effect.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiesi, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fibbi, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genesio, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gioli, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magno, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maselli, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moriondo, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaccari, F. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integration of ground and satellite data to model Mediterranean forest processes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOME-BGC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C-Fix</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ET</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GPP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NEE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">504 - 515</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The current work presents the testing of a modeling strategy that has been recently developed to simulate the gross and net carbon fluxes of Mediterranean forest ecosystems. The strategy is based on the use of a NDVI-driven parametric model, C-Fix, and of a biogeochemical model, BIOME-BGC, whose outputs are combined to simulate the behavior of forest ecosystems at different development stages. The performances of the modeling strategy are evaluated in three Italian study sites (San Rossore, Lecceto and Pianosa), where carbon fluxes are being measured through the eddy correlation technique. These sites are characterized by variable Mediterranean climates and are covered by different types of forest vegetation (pine wood, Holm oak forest and Macchia, respectively). The results of the tests indicate that the modeling strategy is generally capable of reproducing monthly GPP and NEE patterns in all three study sites. The highest accuracy is obtained in the most mature, homogenous pine wood of San Rossore, while the worst results are found in the Lecceto forest, where there are the most heterogeneous terrain, soil and vegetation conditions. The main error sources are identified in the inaccurate definition of the model inputs, particularly those regulating the site water budgets, which exert a strong control on forest productivity during the Mediterranean summer dry season. In general, the incorporation of NDVI-derived fAPAR estimates corrects for most of these errors and renders the forest flux simulations more stable and accurate. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiesi, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fibbi, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genesio, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gioli, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magno, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maselli, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moriondo, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaccari, F. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation Integration of ground and satellite data to model Mediterranean forest processes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2010.10.006</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">504 - 515</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urbieta, Itziar R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, Luis V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zavala, MIGUEL a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marañón, Teodoro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean pine and oak distribution in southern Spain: Is there a mismatch between regeneration and adult distribution?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Distribution range</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niche expansion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus spp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus spp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regeneration dynamics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18-31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questions: What is the current distribution of pine and oak species along environmental gradients in southern Spain? Do pine and oak regeneration niches differ from the environmental niches of adults? Is oak species regeneration favoured under the canopy of pine forests? Location: Forest areas of Andalusia (∼87 600 km2, southern Spain). Methods: We compiled extensive forest inventory data to explore differences in abundance (basal area, m2 ha−1) patterns of adults (dbh &gt;7.4 cm) and regeneration (dbh ≤7.4 cm) of five pine and five oak species. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and generalized linear models were applied to explore species–environment relationships along climatic, edaphic, topographic and fire-frequency gradients. Results: Both pines and oaks segregated along complex environmental gradients, with pines generally dominating in more severe (colder and drier) environments, while oaks dominated in milder, wetter winter areas. In 40-55% of mature pine stands there was a lack of regeneration in the understorey, while in two oak species (Q. suber and Q. canariensis) 70% of stands did not show regeneration. Pine recruits were found at a higher frequency and abundance under the canopy of their congeners, whereas some oaks (Q. ilex) had greater regeneration under mixed pine–oak canopies. Conclusions: Climatic limitations and soil properties partly explained the regional distribution of pines and oaks. We found evidence for an upward shift of Q. ilex recruits towards areas with colder conditions in pine forests, which could be explained by a possible facilitative effect of the pine canopy on seedling establishment.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bauer, Eva-Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergmeier, Erwin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The mountain woodlands of western Crete - plant communities, forest goods, grazing impact and conservation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytocoenologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">greece</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercetea ilicis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvopastoralism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood-pasture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269X/2011/0041-0482</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73 - 115</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to classify and describe plant communities of mountain woodlands in the western half of Crete and to relate their species composition to environmental factors with particular reference to grazing. From a total of 232 original phytosociological relevés we classifi ed eight plant communities (plus several subunits). The plant communities were assigned to associations of the class Quercetea ilicis, herein specifi cally to the alliances Erico-Quercion ilicis, Quercion calliprini and Aceri-Cupression sempervirentis. Correspondence analysis revealed a separation of the chiefl y calcifuge Quercus ilex and Q. pubescens associations with more favourable water supply from the woodlands dominated by Q. coccifera, Acer sempervirens, Cupressus sempervirens and Pinus brutia, growing on hard limestone under drier conditions. Species composition in the latter group of woodlands follows an altitudinal gradient, expressing favourable moisture and, on Plattenkalk, nutrient supply at higher elevations. An ecogram was drawn displaying the relative ecological range of each community along moisture and temperature gradients. Silvopastoral impact was different at species response level, and 'tolerators', 'indicators', and 'avoiders' of grazing may be distinguished. Floristic differentiation related to wood-pasture within given associations was not found, indicating high grazing pressure throughout the stands. In most wood-pastures, especially broadleaved (semi-)evergreen, stands are structurally unbalanced, lack tree rejuvenation and require periods of regeneration from browsing. To allow regeneration and monitoring, we advocate sets of sizable exclosures in different areas and elevations, representing all relevant associations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Stuttgart&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López, Bernat C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gracia, Carlos a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SABATE, Santiago</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KEENAN, Trevor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing the resilience of Mediterranean holm oaks to disturbances using selective thinning</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NIRS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">starch</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thinning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1146609X0900109X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">849 - 854</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate change will increase the frequency and the intensity of droughts in the Mediterranean region, likely reducing growth and increasing mortality of holm oaks (Quercus ilex), one of the most abundant species of Mediterranean forests. In water-limited systems such as those of the Mediterranean, carbon allocation patterns strongly favour belowground accumulation, especially in large subterranean structures called lignotubers. The resilience of these forests depends largely on the replenishment rate of these carbon reserves after disturbances. An experimental thinning, with two intensities (removal of 40% and 80% of basal area), was performed in 1992 in a holm oak forest at the Prades Experimental Complex of Catchments (NE Spain). In 2002, a second thinning was carried out in subplots within the former experimental 0.5 ha plots. Samples from the lignotubers of holm oak trees were analyzed for starch, and both mobile and immobile chemical components, in order to assess the resilience of holm oaks to repeated disturbances. Our results show that after 10 years, starch stocks in the lignotubers have only recovered to half their former values. Removing 40% of the basal area instead of 80% is suggested to be the better managing option for this kind of forests.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López, Bernat C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gracia, Carlos a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SABATE, Santiago</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KEENAN, Trevor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing the resilience of Mediterranean holm oaks to disturbances using selective thinning</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NIRS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">starch</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thinning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">849-854</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate change will increase the frequency and the intensity of droughts in the Mediterranean region, likely reducing growth and increasing mortality of holm oaks (Quercus ilex), one of the most abundant species of Mediterranean forests. In water-limited systems such as those of the Mediterranean, carbon allocation patterns strongly favour belowground accumulation, especially in large subterranean structures called lignotubers. The resilience of these forests depends largely on the replenishment rate of these carbon reserves after disturbances. An experimental thinning, with two intensities (removal of 40% and 80% of basal area), was performed in 1992 in a holm oak forest at the Prades Experimental Complex of Catchments (NE Spain). In 2002, a second thinning was carried out in subplots within the former experimental 0.5 ha plots. Samples from the lignotubers of holm oak trees were analyzed for starch, and both mobile and immobile chemical components, in order to assess the resilience of holm oaks to repeated disturbances. Our results show that after 10 years, starch stocks in the lignotubers have only recovered to half their former values. Removing 40% of the basal area instead of 80% is suggested to be the better managing option for this kind of forests.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coulis, Mathieu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hättenschwiler, Stephan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapior, Sylvie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coq, Sylvain</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The fate of condensed tannins during litter consumption by soil animals</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Biology and Biochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glomeris marginata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macrofauna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyphenols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pomatias elegans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree leaf litter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071709003599</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2573 - 2578</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Condensed tannins (CT) can strongly affect litter decomposition, but their fate during the decomposition process, in particular as inﬂuenced by detritivore consumption, is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that litter CT are reduced by the gut passage of two functionally distinct detritivores of Mediterranean forests, the millipede Glomeris marginata, and the land snail Pomatias elegans, as a ﬁxed proportion of initial litter CT, but more so in Pomatias since snails are known to have a more efﬁcient enzymatic capacity. Contrary to our hypothesis, both detritivore species reduced litter CT to near zero in their faecal pellets irrespective of the wide range in initial leaf litter CT concentrations of 9–188 mg g 1 d m among three Mediterranean tree species (Pistacia terebinthus, Quercus ilex, Alnus glutinosa) and different decomposition stages of their litter. The almost complete disappearance of CT even from some litter types highly concentrated in CT, due to either degradation by gut microorganism or complexation of CT into insoluble high molecular weight structures, suggests a high ‘‘de-tanning’’ efﬁciency across functionally distinct detritivore species. The transformation of CT-rich litter into virtually CT-free faecal pellets by detritivores might be highly relevant for the subsequent decomposition process in ecosystems with a high macrofauna abundance and CT-rich plant species such as Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coulis, Mathieu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hättenschwiler, Stephan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapior, Sylvie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coq, Sylvain</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The fate of condensed tannins during litter consumption by soil animals</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Biology and Biochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glomeris marginata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macrofauna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyphenols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pomatias elegans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree leaf litter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2573-2578</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Condensed tannins (CT) can strongly affect litter decomposition, but their fate during the decomposition process, in particular as inﬂuenced by detritivore consumption, is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that litter CT are reduced by the gut passage of two functionally distinct detritivores of Mediterranean forests, the millipede Glomeris marginata, and the land snail Pomatias elegans, as a ﬁxed proportion of initial litter CT, but more so in Pomatias since snails are known to have a more efﬁcient enzymatic capacity. Contrary to our hypothesis, both detritivore species reduced litter CT to near zero in their faecal pellets irrespective of the wide range in initial leaf litter CT concentrations of 9–188 mg g 1 d m among three Mediterranean tree species (Pistacia terebinthus, Quercus ilex, Alnus glutinosa) and different decomposition stages of their litter. The almost complete disappearance of CT even from some litter types highly concentrated in CT, due to either degradation by gut microorganism or complexation of CT into insoluble high molecular weight structures, suggests a high ‘‘de-tanning’’ efﬁciency across functionally distinct detritivore species. The transformation of CT-rich litter into virtually CT-free faecal pellets by detritivores might be highly relevant for the subsequent decomposition process in ecosystems with a high macrofauna abundance and CT-rich plant species such as Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maltez-Mouro, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García, Luis V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of forest structure and environmental variables on recruit survival and performance of two Mediterranean tree species (Quercus faginea L. and Q. suber Lam.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter e v ects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">winter-deciduous oak</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10342-008-0236-4http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10342-008-0236-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27 - 36</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We investigated the regeneration requirements of the two dominant tree species in a mixed-oak forest of SW Portugal: Quercus suber (cork oak, evergreen) and Q. faginea (Portuguese oak, winter-deciduous). We hypothesized that (1) recruits of diVerent oak species are diVerentially inXuenced by soil and overstory variables and (2) diVerent factors explain the recruitment occurrence and performance of the same species. We sampled the recruits’ height and diameter, and several environmental and forest structure variables of their microsites. Both recruitment occurrence and performance were modeled using generalized linear models. Our Wnal models predicted the probability of occurrence of recruits of Q. faginea and Q. suber with 74 and 82% of accuracy, respectively, and explained about 50% of the variance of their recruitment performance. The recruits of Q. faginea tended to occur in microsites with higher canopy height, canopy density and litter cover, and closer to both conspeciWc and heterospeciWc adults, while the opposite was true for recruits of Q. suber. The performance of recruits of Q. suber was favored by the higher litter cover (a good surrogate for N and P availability), but negatively aVected by the higher litter depth. We concluded the following: (1) there were signiWcantly diVerent regeneration niches for each species (Q. faginea and Q. suber); (2) the factors explaining the recruitment occurrence diVered from those explaining the recruitment performance; (3) the overstory plays a complex and important role in the regeneration process; (4) diVerent variables apparently related with the same environmental factor (e.g. litter cover and litter depth) could aVect recruits in an opposite way; (5) sensitive trade-oVs must be considered for delineating management actions, since they could favor the regeneration of Q. suber, but, at the same time, negatively aVect the regeneration of Q. faginea.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maltez-Mouro, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García, Luis V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of forest structure and environmental variables on recruit survival and performance of two Mediterranean tree species (Quercus faginea L. and Q. suber Lam.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter e v ects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">winter-deciduous oak</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-36</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We investigated the regeneration requirements of the two dominant tree species in a mixed-oak forest of SW Portugal: Quercus suber (cork oak, evergreen) and Q. faginea (Portuguese oak, winter-deciduous). We hypothesized that (1) recruits of diVerent oak species are diVerentially inXuenced by soil and overstory variables and (2) diVerent factors explain the recruitment occurrence and performance of the same species. We sampled the recruits’ height and diameter, and several environmental and forest structure variables of their microsites. Both recruitment occurrence and performance were modeled using generalized linear models. Our Wnal models predicted the probability of occurrence of recruits of Q. faginea and Q. suber with 74 and 82% of accuracy, respectively, and explained about 50% of the variance of their recruitment performance. The recruits of Q. faginea tended to occur in microsites with higher canopy height, canopy density and litter cover, and closer to both conspeciWc and heterospeciWc adults, while the opposite was true for recruits of Q. suber. The performance of recruits of Q. suber was favored by the higher litter cover (a good surrogate for N and P availability), but negatively aVected by the higher litter depth. We concluded the following: (1) there were signiWcantly diVerent regeneration niches for each species (Q. faginea and Q. suber); (2) the factors explaining the recruitment occurrence diVered from those explaining the recruitment performance; (3) the overstory plays a complex and important role in the regeneration process; (4) diVerent variables apparently related with the same environmental factor (e.g. litter cover and litter depth) could aVect recruits in an opposite way; (5) sensitive trade-oVs must be considered for delineating management actions, since they could favor the regeneration of Q. suber, but, at the same time, negatively aVect the regeneration of Q. faginea.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiesi, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maselli, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moriondo, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fibbi, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bindi, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Running, S W</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Application of BIOME-BGC to simulate Mediterranean forest processes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOME-BGC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C-Fix</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GPP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spot-VGT</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">206</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179-190</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The current work investigates on the applicability of a widespread bio-geochemical model (BIOME-BGC) to estimate seasonal photosynthesis and transpiration within water limited Mediterranean forest environments. The use of the model required a preliminary calibration phase, aimed at setting its ecophysiological parameters to properly simulate the behavior of three Mediterranean species (Quercus ilex L., Quercus cerris L. and Pinus pinaster Ait.). For each of these species, the calibration of BIOME-BGC was performed by adjusting the monthly gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates of 10 forest plots to those of a simpliﬁed parametric model, C-Fix, which is based on the use of satellite and ancillary data. In particular, BIOME-BGC was run modifying the eco-physiological parameters controlling stomatal conductance, in order to identify the best model conﬁgurations to reproduce the spatial, intraand inter-annual GPP variations simulated by C-Fix. Next, the fraction of leaf nitrogen in Rubisco was adjusted to ﬁt also the magnitudes of the C-Fix GPP estimates. The subsequent testing phase consisted of applying the original and calibrated versions of BIOME-BGC in independent forest sites where the three species considered were dominant and for which ﬁeld measurements of photosynthesis and transpiration were available. In all cases the use of the calibrated BIOME-BGC versions led to notably improve the GPP and transpiration estimation accuracy of the original model. The results obtained encourage the operational application of BIOME-BGC in Mediterranean forest environments and indicate a possible strategy to integrate its functions with those of C-Fix.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiesi, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maselli, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moriondo, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fibbi, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bindi, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Running, S. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Application of BIOME-BGC to simulate Mediterranean forest processes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOME-BGC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C-Fix</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GPP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spot-VGT</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304380007001780</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">206</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179 - 190</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The current work investigates on the applicability of a widespread bio-geochemical model (BIOME-BGC) to estimate seasonal photosynthesis and transpiration within water limited Mediterranean forest environments. The use of the model required a preliminary calibration phase, aimed at setting its ecophysiological parameters to properly simulate the behavior of three Mediterranean species (Quercus ilex L., Quercus cerris L. and Pinus pinaster Ait.). For each of these species, the calibration of BIOME-BGC was performed by adjusting the monthly gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates of 10 forest plots to those of a simpliﬁed parametric model, C-Fix, which is based on the use of satellite and ancillary data. In particular, BIOME-BGC was run modifying the eco-physiological parameters controlling stomatal conductance, in order to identify the best model conﬁgurations to reproduce the spatial, intraand inter-annual GPP variations simulated by C-Fix. Next, the fraction of leaf nitrogen in Rubisco was adjusted to ﬁt also the magnitudes of the C-Fix GPP estimates. The subsequent testing phase consisted of applying the original and calibrated versions of BIOME-BGC in independent forest sites where the three species considered were dominant and for which ﬁeld measurements of photosynthesis and transpiration were available. In all cases the use of the calibrated BIOME-BGC versions led to notably improve the GPP and transpiration estimation accuracy of the original model. The results obtained encourage the operational application of BIOME-BGC in Mediterranean forest environments and indicate a possible strategy to integrate its functions with those of C-Fix.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jarvis, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rey, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petsikos, Charalampos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wingate, Lisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rayment, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, João</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banza, João</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David, Jorge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miglietta, Franco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borghetti, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manca, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentini, Riccardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drying and wetting of Mediterranean soils stimulates decomposition and carbon dioxide emission: the “Birch effect”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon balance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon mineralization rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rain pulse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil rewetting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer rainfall events</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/7/929.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">929 - 940</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Observations on the net carbon exchange of forests in the European Mediterranean region, measured recently by the eddy covariance method, have revived interest in a phenomenon first characterized on agricultural and forest soils in East Africa in the 1950s and 1960s by H. F. Birch and now often referred to as the “Birch effect.” When soils become dry during summer because of lack of rain, as is common in regions with Mediterranean climate, or are dried in the laboratory in controlled conditions, and are then rewetted by precipitation or irrigation, there is a burst of decomposition, mineralization and release of inorganic nitrogen and CO2. In forests in Mediterranean climates in southern Europe, this effect has been observed with eddy covariance techniques and soil respiration chambers at the stand and small plot scales, respectively. Following the early work of Birch, laboratory incubations of soils at controlled temperatures and water contents have been used to characterize CO2 release following the rewetting of dry soils. A simple empirical model based on laboratory incubations demonstrates that the amount of carbon mineralized over one year can be predicted from soil temperature and precipitation regime, provided that carbon lost as CO2 is taken into account. We show that the amount of carbon returned to the atmosphere following soil rewetting can reduce significantly the annual net carbon gain by Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/27.7.92910.1093/treephys/27.7.929</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jarvis, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rey, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petsikos, Charalampos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wingate, Lisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rayment, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, João</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banza, João</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David, Jorge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miglietta, Franco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borghetti, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manca, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentini, Riccardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drying and wetting of Mediterranean soils stimulates decomposition and carbon dioxide emission: the “Birch effect”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon balance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon mineralization rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rain pulse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil rewetting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer rainfall events</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">929-940</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Observations on the net carbon exchange of forests in the European Mediterranean region, measured recently by the eddy covariance method, have revived interest in a phenomenon first characterized on agricultural and forest soils in East Africa in the 1950s and 1960s by H. F. Birch and now often referred to as the “Birch effect.” When soils become dry during summer because of lack of rain, as is common in regions with Mediterranean climate, or are dried in the laboratory in controlled conditions, and are then rewetted by precipitation or irrigation, there is a burst of decomposition, mineralization and release of inorganic nitrogen and CO2. In forests in Mediterranean climates in southern Europe, this effect has been observed with eddy covariance techniques and soil respiration chambers at the stand and small plot scales, respectively. Following the early work of Birch, laboratory incubations of soils at controlled temperatures and water contents have been used to characterize CO2 release following the rewetting of dry soils. A simple empirical model based on laboratory incubations demonstrates that the amount of carbon mineralized over one year can be predicted from soil temperature and precipitation regime, provided that carbon lost as CO2 is taken into account. We show that the amount of carbon returned to the atmosphere following soil rewetting can reduce significantly the annual net carbon gain by Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/27.7.929 </style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/27.7.929 </style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Broncano, Maria José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retana, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Anselm</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predicting the Recovery of Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex Forests after a Large Wildfire in Northeastern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">burn severity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-fire recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">180</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47-56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis are two of the most common tree species of the western Mediterranean basin. Both species regenerate reliably after ﬁre: P. halepensis colonizes recently disturbed areas by eﬀective seedling recruitment, while Q. ilex resprouts vigorously after disturbances. For this reason, the natural regeneration of these species after ﬁre should ensure the re-establishment of a forest similar to that which existed before the ﬁre. This study analyzes with a simple simulation model whether or not the relative abundance of monospeciﬁc and mixed forests of these species in the landscape is altered by ﬁre. We also analyze the topographic factors and the forest structure before the ﬁre that determine the changes in forest composition after ﬁre. This study has been carried out in a large ﬁre that occurred in NE Spain. Overall, 33% of plots changed to another community type, but this probability of change varied considerably among community types before the ﬁre. Monospeciﬁc forests of P. halepensis or Q. ilex had a high probability of remaining in their original composition after the ﬁre, whereas the resilience of mixed forests of these two species was quite low. Mixed forests changed for the most part to monospeciﬁc P. halepensis or Q. ilex forests. Analysis of several factors determining these changes indicated that only elevation as a signiﬁcant topographical variable. The eﬀect of ﬁre was to increase the altitudinal diﬀerentiation between the two species. P. halepensis forests that changed to mixed or Q. ilex forests were those of highest elevation, while the mixed and Q. ilex plots that changed to P. halepensis forests were those located at the lowest elevations. Concerning structural variables before ﬁre, density of Q. ilex trees before the ﬁre showed a much greater eﬀect than P. halepensis density in determining the post-ﬁre community. Finally, burn severity also inﬂuenced the changes observed. For both P. halepensis and Q. ilex forests, plots that changed to another forest type were mainly those that burned more severely. In the case of mixed forests, even low ﬁre severities involved high probabilities of change to monospeciﬁc forests.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Broncano, Maria José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retana, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Anselm</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predicting the Recovery of Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex Forests after a Large Wildfire in Northeastern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">burn severity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-fire recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11258-005-0974-z</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">180</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47 - 56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis are two of the most common tree species of the western Mediterranean basin. Both species regenerate reliably after ﬁre: P. halepensis colonizes recently disturbed areas by eﬀective seedling recruitment, while Q. ilex resprouts vigorously after disturbances. For this reason, the natural regeneration of these species after ﬁre should ensure the re-establishment of a forest similar to that which existed before the ﬁre. This study analyzes with a simple simulation model whether or not the relative abundance of monospeciﬁc and mixed forests of these species in the landscape is altered by ﬁre. We also analyze the topographic factors and the forest structure before the ﬁre that determine the changes in forest composition after ﬁre. This study has been carried out in a large ﬁre that occurred in NE Spain. Overall, 33% of plots changed to another community type, but this probability of change varied considerably among community types before the ﬁre. Monospeciﬁc forests of P. halepensis or Q. ilex had a high probability of remaining in their original composition after the ﬁre, whereas the resilience of mixed forests of these two species was quite low. Mixed forests changed for the most part to monospeciﬁc P. halepensis or Q. ilex forests. Analysis of several factors determining these changes indicated that only elevation as a signiﬁcant topographical variable. The eﬀect of ﬁre was to increase the altitudinal diﬀerentiation between the two species. P. halepensis forests that changed to mixed or Q. ilex forests were those of highest elevation, while the mixed and Q. ilex plots that changed to P. halepensis forests were those located at the lowest elevations. Concerning structural variables before ﬁre, density of Q. ilex trees before the ﬁre showed a much greater eﬀect than P. halepensis density in determining the post-ﬁre community. Finally, burn severity also inﬂuenced the changes observed. For both P. halepensis and Q. ilex forests, plots that changed to another forest type were mainly those that burned more severely. In the case of mixed forests, even low ﬁre severities involved high probabilities of change to monospeciﬁc forests.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lloret, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, Romà</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Establishment of co-existing Mediterranean tree species under a varying soil moisture regime</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phillyrea latifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water use efficiency</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02258.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">237 - 244</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We investigated the responses of two co-existing Mediterranean trees with different regeneration strategies (Phillyrea latifolia seedlings and Quercus ilex sprouts) to experimental drought below the forest canopy. We considered different recruitment stages and used leaf isotopic discrimination to estimate water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen availability and use. Drought decreased the emergence and survival of seedlings and sprouts. Survival and growth of older saplings were not influenced by drought. Seedling emergence of P. latifolia was higher than Q. ilex sprout production, but Q. ilex sprouts had higher survival and growth rates. These differences disappeared in the sapling stage. Carbon isotopic discrimination suggested that Q. ilex sprouts had higher WUE than P. latifolia seedlings. Drought increased WUE of recruits, particularly in Q. ilex. Water use regulation increased with ageing, particularly in P. latifolia. Q. ilex had higher δ15N values than P. latifolia; these were also higher under drier soil conditions. Current year seedlings had higher δ15N than saplings, particularly in P. latifolia, suggesting they exploit superficial soil layers. These results suggest that sprouts obtain benefit from resources stored in parent plants. At earlier stages, they perform better than seedlings. This response is not coupled to adult vulnerability to drought for these species, revealing the difficulty of predicting species dynamics during climate change.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santis, Franco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zona, Donatella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellagotti, Raffaella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vichi, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allegrini, Ivo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone monitoring in a Mediterranean forest using diffusive and continuous sampling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diffusive sampling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone (vertical profile)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2831-7</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">380</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">818 - 823</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ambient ozone was measured in a forest in Castelporziano (Italy) characterised by the prevailing presence of Holm-oak trees (Quercus ilex L.) from June to November 2003. Two methods for measuring ozone were used: long-term monitoring using diﬀusive samplers at three heights within the canopy, and continuous monitoring at two heights using the UV method. Results for one week mean ozone levels above and below the canopy from the diﬀusive samplers were compared to those obtained using the automatic analyser at the same levels. A good correlation between the two sampling techniques was found. Continuous monitoring showed a daily cycle with a midday maximum and a nocturnal minimum. While the forest ﬂoor consistently had the lowest ozone concentration, there were no diﬀerences during most daytime hours. The midday maximum is clearly due to downward mixing with O3 -rich air from above. The night-time ozone decay within the canopy is the result of dry deposition of O3 and most likely due to reaction with biogenically produced NO. AOT40 within and above the canopy mostly exceeded the critical levels</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Springer-Verlag</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santis, Franco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zona, Donatella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellagotti, Raffaella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vichi, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allegrini, Ivo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone monitoring in a Mediterranean forest using diffusive and continuous sampling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diffusive sampling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone (vertical profile)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer-Verlag</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">380</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">818-823</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ambient ozone was measured in a forest in Castelporziano (Italy) characterised by the prevailing presence of Holm-oak trees (Quercus ilex L.) from June to November 2003. Two methods for measuring ozone were used: long-term monitoring using diﬀusive samplers at three heights within the canopy, and continuous monitoring at two heights using the UV method. Results for one week mean ozone levels above and below the canopy from the diﬀusive samplers were compared to those obtained using the automatic analyser at the same levels. A good correlation between the two sampling techniques was found. Continuous monitoring showed a daily cycle with a midday maximum and a nocturnal minimum. While the forest ﬂoor consistently had the lowest ozone concentration, there were no diﬀerences during most daytime hours. The midday maximum is clearly due to downward mixing with O3 -rich air from above. The night-time ozone decay within the canopy is the result of dry deposition of O3 and most likely due to reaction with biogenically produced NO. AOT40 within and above the canopy mostly exceeded the critical levels</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boada, Martí</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A global change-induced biome shift in the Montseny mountains (NE Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Change Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">altitudinal shift</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biome replacement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calluna heathland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagus sylvatica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montseny mountains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">temperate forest</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00566.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131 - 140</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shifts in plant species and biome distribution in response to warming have been described in past climate changes. However, reported evidence of such shifts under current climate change is still scarce. By comparing current and 1945 vegetation distribution in the Montseny mountains (Catalonia, NE Spain), we report here a progressive replacement of cold-temperate ecosystems by Mediterranean ecosystems. Beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest has shifted altitudinally upwards by ca. 70 m at the highest altitudes (1600–1700 m). Both the beech forests and the heather (Calluna vulgaris) heathlands are being replaced by holm oak (Quercus ilex) forest at medium altitudes (800–1400 m). This beech replacement has been observed to occur through a progressive isolation and degradation of beech stands. In ‘isolated’ (small and surrounded by holm oaks) beech stands, beech trees are 30% more defoliated, beech recruitment is 41% lower, and holm oak recruitment is three times higher than in ‘continental’ (large and continuous) beech stands. The progressively warmer conditions, complemented by the land use changes (mainly the cessation of traditional land management) are the apparent causes, providing a paradigmatic example of global change affecting distributions of plant species and biomes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Science, Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Villa, M D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARAÑÓN, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrido, B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil seed bank and floristic diversity in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forests conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nomenclature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">701</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil seed bank and floristic diversity were studied in a forest of Quercus suber, a forest of Quercus canariensis and a grassland, forming a vegetation mosaic in Los Alcornocales Natural Park, southern Spain. The soil seed bank was estimated by the germination technique. In each community patch, diversity, woody species cover and herbaceous species frequency was measured. Three biodiversity components – species richness, endemism and taxonomic singularity – were considered in the vegetation and the seed bank. Forest patches had a soil seed bank of ca. 11 200-14 100 seed.m–2 and their composition had low resemblance to (epigeal) vegetation. The grassland patch had a more dense seed bank (ca. 31 800 seed.m–2 ) and a higher index of similarity with vegetation, compared with the forests nearby. The complete forest diversity was 71-78 species on 0.1 ha, including 12-15 species found only in the seed bank; the grassland species richness was higher (113 species on 0.1 ha). We discuss the role of soil seed banks in the vegetation dynamics and in the complete plant biodiversity of the mosaic landscape studied.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Villa, M. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARAÑON, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrido, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil seed bank and floristic diversity in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forests conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nomenclature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1658/1100-9233(2003)014[0701:SSBAFD]2.0.CO;2</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil seed bank and floristic diversity were studied in a forest of Quercus suber, a forest of Quercus canariensis and a grassland, forming a vegetation mosaic in Los Alcornocales Natural Park, southern Spain. The soil seed bank was estimated by the germination technique. In each community patch, diversity, woody species cover and herbaceous species frequency was measured. Three biodiversity components – species richness, endemism and taxonomic singularity – were considered in the vegetation and the seed bank. Forest patches had a soil seed bank of ca. 11 200-14 100 seed.m–2 and their composition had low resemblance to (epigeal) vegetation. The grassland patch had a more dense seed bank (ca. 31 800 seed.m–2 ) and a higher index of similarity with vegetation, compared with the forests nearby. The complete forest diversity was 71-78 species on 0.1 ha, including 12-15 species found only in the seed bank; the grassland species richness was higher (113 species on 0.1 ha). We discuss the role of soil seed banks in the vegetation dynamics and in the complete plant biodiversity of the mosaic landscape studied.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dedeyan, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klonowska, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tagger, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tron, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iacazio, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le petit, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biochemical and molecular characterization of a laccase from Marasmius quercophilus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basidiomycete</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marasmius quercophilus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural genes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">925-929</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The basidiomycete Marasmius quercophilus is commonly found during autumn on the decaying litter of the evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.), a plant characteristic of Mediterranean forest. This white-rot fungus colonizes the leaf surface with rhizomorphs, causing a total bleaching of the leaf. In synthetic liquid media, this white-rot fungus has strong laccase activity. From a three-step chromatographic procedure, we purified a major isoform to homogeneity, The gene encodes a monomeric glycoprotein of approximately 63 kDa, with a 3.6 isoelectric point, that contains 12% carbohydrate, Spectroscopic analysis of the purified enzyme (UV/visible and electron paramagnetic resonance, atomic absorption) confirmed that it belongs to the ``blue copper oxidase{''} family. With syringaldazine as the substrate, the enzyme's pH optimum was 4.5, the optimal temperature was 75 degrees C, and the K-m was 7.1 mu M. The structural gene, lac1, was cloned and sequenced. This gene encodes a 517-amino-acid protein 99% identical to a laccase produced by PM1, an unidentified basidiomycete previously isolated from wastewater from a paper factory in Spain. This similarity may be explained by the ecological distribution of the evergreen oak in Mediterranean forest.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keys: APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keys: APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dedeyan, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klonowska, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tagger, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tron, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iacazio, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le petit, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biochemical and molecular characterization of a laccase from Marasmius quercophilus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basidiomycete</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marasmius quercophilus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural genes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">925 - 929</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The basidiomycete Marasmius quercophilus is commonly found during autumn on the decaying litter of the evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.), a plant characteristic of Mediterranean forest. This white-rot fungus colonizes the leaf surface with rhizomorphs, causing a total bleaching of the leaf. In synthetic liquid media, this white-rot fungus has strong laccase activity. From a three-step chromatographic procedure, we purified a major isoform to homogeneity, The gene encodes a monomeric glycoprotein of approximately 63 kDa, with a 3.6 isoelectric point, that contains 12% carbohydrate, Spectroscopic analysis of the purified enzyme (UV/visible and electron paramagnetic resonance, atomic absorption) confirmed that it belongs to the ``blue copper oxidase{''} family. With syringaldazine as the substrate, the enzyme's pH optimum was 4.5, the optimal temperature was 75 degrees C, and the K-m was 7.1 mu M. The structural gene, lac1, was cloned and sequenced. This gene encodes a 517-amino-acid protein 99% identical to a laccase produced by PM1, an unidentified basidiomycete previously isolated from wastewater from a paper factory in Spain. This similarity may be explained by the ecological distribution of the evergreen oak in Mediterranean forest.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keys: APSKeys: APSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angelis, Paolo De</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litter quality and decomposition in a CO2-enriched Mediterranean forest ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elevated [CO2]</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/G454271653154617.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">224</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31 - 41</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Six large open top chambers were installed to test the effect of atmospheric [CO2] enrichment on clumps of natural Mediterranean vegetation starting from early spring 1992. To study the impact of [CO2] enrichment on litter decomposition, leaves of three woody species (Quercus ilex L., Phillyrea angustifolia L. and Pistacia lentiscus L.) were collected from the forest ﬂoor and subsequently incubated in situ over a two-year period. The initial slope of the exponential function, describing mass loss, indicated that there was a small negative effect of elevated [CO2] on the decomposition rate of all the species. All regressions were signiﬁcant. The decrease of decomposition rate is particularly notable during the initial stages of decomposition, when the differences of quality parameters, lignin/N and C/N were larger. This study points out that a decrease of decomposition rate may occur under elevated [CO2] conditions; if this effect is coupled to an increase of primary production, there will be a net rise of C-storage in the soils of forest ecosystems. Forest soils may, therefore, represent a potentially increasing sink for this excess carbon.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angelis, Paolo De</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litter quality and decomposition in a CO2-enriched Mediterranean forest ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elevated [CO2]</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">224</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31-41</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Six large open top chambers were installed to test the effect of atmospheric [CO2] enrichment on clumps of natural Mediterranean vegetation starting from early spring 1992. To study the impact of [CO2] enrichment on litter decomposition, leaves of three woody species (Quercus ilex L., Phillyrea angustifolia L. and Pistacia lentiscus L.) were collected from the forest ﬂoor and subsequently incubated in situ over a two-year period. The initial slope of the exponential function, describing mass loss, indicated that there was a small negative effect of elevated [CO2] on the decomposition rate of all the species. All regressions were signiﬁcant. The decrease of decomposition rate is particularly notable during the initial stages of decomposition, when the differences of quality parameters, lignin/N and C/N were larger. This study points out that a decrease of decomposition rate may occur under elevated [CO2] conditions; if this effect is coupled to an increase of primary production, there will be a net rise of C-storage in the soils of forest ecosystems. Forest soils may, therefore, represent a potentially increasing sink for this excess carbon.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lookingbill, T. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zavala, M. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial pattern of Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens recruitment in Pinus halepensis dominated woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monte Carlo simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nearest neighbour analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurse effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ripley's K-analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3246590</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">607 - 612</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract. European Mediterranean landscapes have undergone changes in structure in recent years as a result of widespread agricultural land abandonment and cessation of silvicultural regimes. Studies concerning the regeneration dynamics of dominant forest species have become critical to the prediction of future landscape trends in these changing forest stands. Quercus ilex (holm oak) and Q. pubescens (downy oak) are considered to be the terminal point of secondary succession in extensive areas of the Mediterranean region. Recent studies, however, have suggested the existence of recruitment bottlenecks in oak genet populations as a result of current management regimes. In this study, we present evidence of the successful establishment of Q. ilex and Q. pubescens in Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) woodlands. We investigate the distribution patterns and spatial relationships among oak recruits and resident pines. Established P. halepensis is randomly distributed throughout the study area. Oak seedlings are positively associated with pine trees, suggesting that P. halepensis individuals provide safe sites for oak genet recruitment. We show that spatial patterns of recruitment are in agreement with the general model of spatial segregation described for other Mediterranean plant communities, with seeder species colonizing large openings after disturbance, followed by a more aggregated recruitment of resprouter species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gracia, C A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabate, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tello, E</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohren, GMJ and Kramer, K and Sabate, S</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling the responses to climate change of a Mediterranean forest managed at different thinning intensities: Effects on growth and water fluxes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON TREE PHYSIOLOGY AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243-252</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-7923-4921-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explores the effect of various climatic change scenarios over a 50 year period on plots managed at a range of thinning intensities. In order to determine how management practises can modify the effect of climatic change on Mediterranean Forests we integrated field experiments and the results of the GOTILWA model so as to take into account both water fluxes and forest structure interactions. The results show that the positive effects of atmospheric CO2 fertilisation, causing an increase in WUE, counteract with the negative effects of both temperature increase and rainfall decrease. Thinning might attenuate the effects of adverse conditions by reducing both leaf respiratory costs and the foliage turnover rate.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gracia, C. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabate, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tello, E.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohren, GMJ and Kramer</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling the responses to climate change of a Mediterranean forest managed at different thinning intensities: Effects on growth and water fluxes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON TREE PHYSIOLOGY AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243 - 252</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-7923-4921-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explores the effect of various climatic change scenarios over a 50 year period on plots managed at a range of thinning intensities. In order to determine how management practises can modify the effect of climatic change on Mediterranean Forests we integrated field experiments and the results of the GOTILWA model so as to take into account both water fluxes and forest structure interactions. The results show that the positive effects of atmospheric CO2 fertilisation, causing an increase in WUE, counteract with the negative effects of both temperature increase and rainfall decrease. Thinning might attenuate the effects of adverse conditions by reducing both leaf respiratory costs and the foliage turnover rate.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON TREE PHYSIOLOGY AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panaiotis, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carcaillet, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M'Hamedi, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Determination of the natural mortality age of an holm oak ( Quercus ilex L.) stand in Corsica (Mediterranean Island)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corsica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendrochronology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">old forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">519-530</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Determination of old forest stand age and forestry history is problematic due to the difficulties which arise in obtaining core samples from trees. In the present paper, the natural mortality age and forestry history of a Corsican holm oak stand are estimated using the methods described below. Firstly, the correlation between stem age estimated from healthy stump counts in fellings and stem diameter is determined using a second order polynomial equation. Secondly, the distribution of stand diameter classes is analyzed by the BHATTACHARYA (1967) method. This method allows the identifica- tion of cohorts as well as the estimation of cohort mean diameters and theoretical tree count numbers. Using cohort mean diameters, we are able to estimate their age and discuss stand forestry history. Finally, the analysis of thirty broken stumps originating from senescent holm oak natural falls, is used to determine the mean natural mortality age of trees bused on their mean diameter. This natural mor- tality is estimated to occur at 170 -+ 46 years of age. The causes of holm oak mortality and the capacity of old stumps to renew the ecosystem are discussed in order to contribute to the conservation and man- agement of these woodland communities.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DE SIMÓN NAVARRETE, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigaci, Nnavarrete Centro D E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apartado, Agraria D E Granada</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restauración del bosque mediterráneo: aplicación de modelos de restauración a los encinares.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrological process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pamplona</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271-276</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The activities in order to restore the mediterraneam forests have been constitued by the restoration of the structures and natural vegetation communities in order to preserve the water and soil in the drainage basins. A restoration of the vegetation covers in a drainage basin with hydrological and biological criteria have been projected, using sorne reforestation works in order to the best utilitation of the water resources and the conservation of the soil. The Quercus rotundifolia is one of the most extended species in the mediterranean area and it is apply for the forestation of the lands. This paper proposes a model of applied for its restoration. K.W.:</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DE SIMÓN NAVARRETE, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigaci, Nnavarrete Centro D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apartado, Agraria D. E. Granada</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restauración del bosque mediterráneo: aplicación de modelos de restauración a los encinares.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrological process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271 - 276</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The activities in order to restore the mediterraneam forests have been constitued by the restoration of the structures and natural vegetation communities in order to preserve the water and soil in the drainage basins. A restoration of the vegetation covers in a drainage basin with hydrological and biological criteria have been projected, using sorne reforestation works in order to the best utilitation of the water resources and the conservation of the soil. The Quercus rotundifolia is one of the most extended species in the mediterranean area and it is apply for the forestation of the lands. This paper proposes a model of applied for its restoration. K.W.:</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: II Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Pamplona</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tellería, J L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, T</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal and interannual occupation of a forest archipelago by insectivorous passerines</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OIKOS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">abundance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biological traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bird distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">insectivorous passerines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WILEY-BLACKWELL</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239-248</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The distribution of insectivorous passerines was studied in 31 fragments (0.1 to 350 ha) of a helm oak (Quercus ilex) Mediterranean forest archipelago in central Spain for two consecutive springs and winters (1988 to 1990). The study aimed to assess the role of forest size, abundance and other biological traits (nesting site and foraging substrata) of the species in their ability to occupy the fragments. The number of fragments occupied by the species (f(i)) was correlated to their abundance (d(i)) in spring and winter. Spring-to-winter changes of di correlated positively to changes off, due to the incidence of summer migrants but failed to show any significant pattern when restricted to species occurring in both seasons. The between-winter variations of cl, correlated positively with changes in f, while the between-spring changes of both parameters did not correlate, probably because of stronger effects of site fidelity on bird distribution in this period. Between-year persistence in the occupation of fragments was directly related to bird species abundance and, for a given abundance, persistence decreased in the smallest fragments. Hole-nesting species during the 1988 spring and the exploiters of scarce trees or foraging substrata during both winters showed an apparent restriction to colonize the smaller fragments due in parr to changes in habitat structure related to fragmentation. These results support the hypothesis that abundance is a good predictor of the ability of species to occupy and persist in fragments. However, abundance alone does not fully explain the processes that determine these occupancy patterns, since other traits related to the spatial scale of analysis and the suitability of fragments for each bird species are also involved.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serra, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miquel, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateos, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicente, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Study of a soil Julidae community in Mediterranean forest (Diplopoda, Julida)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENTOMOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">commun</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diplopoda</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">millipede</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENTOMOL SCANDINAVICA</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEPT OF SYST ZOOL HELGOVAVAGEN 3, S-223 62 LUND, SWEDEN</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">291-299</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This work is part of a larger study on the communities of epigean and&lt;br/&gt;edaphic arthropods from the Pare Natural de Sant Llorenc de Munt&lt;br/&gt;(Barcelona, Spain). The study was performed in an experimental plot in a&lt;br/&gt;sclerophyllous forest of Mediterranean climate, consisting mainly of&lt;br/&gt;Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis. Field sampling was performed during&lt;br/&gt;25 consecutive months in order to quantify the density of Julidae. In&lt;br/&gt;the experimental plot (40 x 40 m), three horizons were sampled: L+F&lt;br/&gt;(leaf litter fall), H (humus), and A (the first five cm oft he mineral&lt;br/&gt;layer). Among the studied material, we found four species of Julidae:&lt;br/&gt;Cylindroiulus punctatus (Leach, 1815), Cylindroiulus sanctimichaelis&lt;br/&gt;Attems, 1927, Leptoiulus belgicus (Latzel, 1884), and Ommatoiulus&lt;br/&gt;sabulosus (Linnaeus, 1758), with mean densities of 39.45, 35.22, 3.79&lt;br/&gt;and 0.77 ind./m(2), respectively. We didn't find significant differences&lt;br/&gt;in mean density between months during the study period for any of these&lt;br/&gt;four species. The vertical distribution along the edaphic profile was&lt;br/&gt;evaluated using the index of Usher. All species showed a preference for&lt;br/&gt;horizon H, with occasional migrations towards the deeper level A, or the&lt;br/&gt;shallower level L/F. The analysis of the distribution of juvenile and&lt;br/&gt;adult specimens indicated that the reproductive periods occurred mostly&lt;br/&gt;in late winter or spring, while the recruitment occurred in spring-early&lt;br/&gt;summer.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robich, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On a new species of mycena from Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERSOONIA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insignis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mycology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">new species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RIJKSHERBARIUM</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 9514, 2300 RA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245-248</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycena calceata Robich, collected at L'Estartit in Spain in November 1993, during the Mycological Days of the European Confederation of Mediterranean Mycology, is described as new to science. It belongs to section Insignis, characterized by the radiating hairs at the base of the stipe, large spores and growing on thin rotting branches of Quercus suber (Cork oak) in mediterranean forest.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAURAS, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROCA, M C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tent, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llauradó, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VIDAL, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rauret, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, V R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIGRATION STUDY OF RADIONUCLIDES IN A MEDITERRANEAN FOREST SOIL USING SYNTHETIC AEROSOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">231-238</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radionuclide migration in a Mediterranean forest was studied in field conditions. Fresh Holm oak leaves were exposed to a synthetic aerosol including Cs-134, Sr-85 and Ag-110m, and were incubated in the original Holm oak forest in two types of cylinder: (1) cylinders in which the contaminated litter lies directly on the original F layer; (2) cylinders with an exchange resin bag inserted between the contaminated litter and the underlying F layer. The results for 232 days of incubation showed that Cs-134 presented an initial rapid leaching period, which corresponded to the fraction extracted with water from the initially contaminated leaves. Further Cs-134 release was related to litter decompostiion. Sr-85 migration was studied for only 76 days, and its behaviour appeared to be similar to Cs-134. Both radionuclides migrated within the litter leachates. After 3 months of incubation, around 70% of the initial Cs-134 was transferred to the underlying layers, mainly to the F layer. Cs-134 absorbed into the leaves was released at the same rates as K. The Ag-110m activity lost from the contaminated litter amounted to around 45% in the open cylinders, from which 15-20% was attributed to the effect of soil faunal activity. The field method proposed proved to be useful in describing radionuclide migration in situ and the mechanisms involved.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FERRAN, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, V. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litter dynamics in post-fire successional forests of Quercus ilex</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C/N ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decay coefficient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/p30r4492qt193p64.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239 - 246</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest floor regeneration after fire in a holm oak forest was studied in a chronosequence in Catalonia (NE Spain). The sampled area represented situations of high fire disturbance because of the frequency of wildfires and the high impact of erosive processes. Forest floor bulk samples from the L, F and H layers were taken in 5 burned plots, aging from 0 to 35 years. They were analyzed for dry standing weight, and organic carbon and N content. Plant cover reached almost 100°o two years after the fire. During the first 20 years, shrubs and herbs had the highest surface covering, and thereafter, holm oaks became dominant. Holm oak litterfall stabilized by the fourth year after burning. The major shrub species which were present in the chronosequence had two different patterns with respect to nitrogen: 1) a low litter C/N ratio (i.e. nitrogen fixing species); 2) a high litter C/N ratio. The litter decay coefficients were relatively high, allowing for a rapid structuration and formation of the L and F layers after the fire. Indeed, 95 ° o of the maximum steady standing weight accumulates in 8-9 years. The pattern of cover in the different strata influenced the lateral distribution and variable accumulation of the forest floor layers and determined different turnover rates.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellot, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lledó, M. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escarré, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litterfall as a measure of primary production in Mediterranean holm-oak forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">holm-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litterfall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litterfall nutrient contents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">temporal variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/G0748K217R54824M.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69 - 76</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper we discuss the use of litterfall as a method to measure primary production and its between year relation to climatic fluctuation. Seven years of study in a mediterranean holm-oak forest showed a moderate inter-annual variability of litterfall (C.V. 11°;), while the annual variability of the actual or evapotranspiration was three times higher (C.V. 30/o). Furthermore, the inter- and intra-annual vari- ability of nutrient content in the various fractions are presented in relation to water availability. Monthly and seasonal variability was higher than the annual variability for all analyzed elements.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THIEBAULT, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernet, J L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDITERRANEAN VEGETATIONS AND PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS - THE CASE OF FONT-JUVENAL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE BOTANIQUE DE FRANCE-ACTUALITES BOTANIQUES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHARCOAL ANALYSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOC BOTANIQUE FRANCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RUE J B CLEMENT, 92296 CHATENAY-MALABRY CEDEX, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">441-450</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Font-Juvenal thick stratigraphy allowed the identification of several thousand pieces of charcoals and gives vegetation assemblages very significant of the mediterranean forest evolution and human and environment relationship. Charcoal analysis results confirms the evolutiv pattern proposed and three periods are evidenced : the first one covers the early Neolithic and deciduous oak forest is prevalent; the second, during middle and recent Neolithics, puts out decreases in the oaks representation and an increase of Buxus and Ouercus ilex-coccifera. The third period, at the end of Neolithic, evidences the importance of Buxus and Quercus ilex-coccifera assemblages. The deciduous oak forest was the most important element of early Neolithic vegetal landscape. The gap between man and his environment is revealed by the presence of open areas taxa as Buxus and Quercus ilex-coccifera during the Chasseen.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LLEDO, M J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez, J R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellot, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boronat, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure, biomass and production of a resprouted holm-oak (Quercus ilex L.) forest in NE Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prades</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species distribution</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-59</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">When considered as a compartment of nutrients (biomass) and as a flux between compartments (pro- duction) vegetation plays an important role in the biogeochemical forest research that is carried out at the Prades research station in two adjacent catchments: L'Avic (51.6 ha) and La Teula (38.5 ha). The forest density at the Prades site, considering both the tree and shrub layers, is 9182 stems ha t, with 4527 stems ha i being the tree layer. The predominant species is Quercus ilex with Arbutus unedo and Phillyrea media less common. The structure of the population, estimated by grouping the numbers of the stems in classes of 2.5 cm, shows a distribution which conforms, in both catchments, to a negative exponential equation following the Yoda law. The distribution observed at different altitudes shows great heterogeneity, the number of stems of Q. ilex increases with altitude, from 4000 stems ha ~ at 800 m, to 14000 stems ha 1 at 1000 m of altitude. The upper and the lower parts of the watershed show dif- ferences in forest production that explain this variation. In this paper the influence of human activities and physical factors on the origin of this structure is discussed. The tree and shrub biomass was cal- culated by applying allometric regressions for the three predominant species and has been estimated as 113.2 t ha 1. The tree layer accounts for 92°o. Net production was calculated from annual increases (by differences between the 1981 and 1986 basal area measures) of the woody part and the litterfall. The above-ground net production was about 6.5 t ha 1 year 1, 95.4o0 of it being from trees and shrubs and only 4.6°0 from grasses.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>