<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attia Al Hagrey, Said</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geophysical imaging of root-zone, trunk, and moisture heterogeneity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Experimental Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electric Impedance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrical resistivity techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrodes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geological Phenomena</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populus: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: anatomy &amp; histology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radar imaging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ring electrode array</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root-zone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sap flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seismic tomography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trunk ring structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vadose zone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: metabolism</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/4/839.abstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17229759</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">839 - 854</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The most significant biotic and abiotic stress agents of water extremity, salinity, and infection lead to wood decay and modifications of moisture and ion content, and density. This strongly influences the (di-)electrical and mechanical properties and justifies the application of geophysical imaging techniques. These are less invasive and have high resolution in contrast to classical methods of destructive, single-point measurements for inspecting stresses in trees and soils. This review presents some in situ and in vivo applications of electric, radar, and seismic methods for studying water status and movement in soils, roots, and tree trunks. The electrical properties of a root-zone are a consequence of their moisture content. Electrical imaging discriminates resistive, woody roots from conductive, soft roots. Both types are recognized by low radar velocities and high attenuation. Single roots can generate diffraction hyperbolas in radargrams. Pedophysical relationships of water content to electrical resistivity and radar velocity are established by diverse infiltration experiments in the field, laboratory, and in the full-scale ‘GeoModel’ at Kiel University. Subsurface moisture distributions are derived from geophysical attribute models. The ring electrode technique around trunks images the growth ring structure of concentric resistivity, which is inversely proportional to the fluid content. Healthy trees show a central high resistivity within the dry heartwood that strongly decreases towards the peripheral wet sapwood. Observed structural deviations are caused by infection, decay, shooting, or predominant light and/or wind directions. Seismic trunk tomography also differentiates between decayed and healthy woods.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/jxb/erl23710.1093/jxb/erl237The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 17229759</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attia Al Hagrey, Said</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geophysical imaging of root-zone, trunk, and moisture heterogeneity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Experimental Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electric Impedance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrical resistivity techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrodes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geological Phenomena</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populus: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: anatomy &amp; histology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radar imaging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ring electrode array</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root-zone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sap flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seismic tomography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trunk ring structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vadose zone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: metabolism</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">839-854</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The most significant biotic and abiotic stress agents of water extremity, salinity, and infection lead to wood decay and modifications of moisture and ion content, and density. This strongly influences the (di-)electrical and mechanical properties and justifies the application of geophysical imaging techniques. These are less invasive and have high resolution in contrast to classical methods of destructive, single-point measurements for inspecting stresses in trees and soils. This review presents some in situ and in vivo applications of electric, radar, and seismic methods for studying water status and movement in soils, roots, and tree trunks. The electrical properties of a root-zone are a consequence of their moisture content. Electrical imaging discriminates resistive, woody roots from conductive, soft roots. Both types are recognized by low radar velocities and high attenuation. Single roots can generate diffraction hyperbolas in radargrams. Pedophysical relationships of water content to electrical resistivity and radar velocity are established by diverse infiltration experiments in the field, laboratory, and in the full-scale ‘GeoModel’ at Kiel University. Subsurface moisture distributions are derived from geophysical attribute models. The ring electrode technique around trunks images the growth ring structure of concentric resistivity, which is inversely proportional to the fluid content. Healthy trees show a central high resistivity within the dry heartwood that strongly decreases towards the peripheral wet sapwood. Observed structural deviations are caused by infection, decay, shooting, or predominant light and/or wind directions. Seismic trunk tomography also differentiates between decayed and healthy woods.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17229759</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/jxb/erl237</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/jxb/erl237</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzalez-Benito, M Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prieto, Roberto-Moreno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herradon, Esther</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Carmen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryopreservation of Quercus suber and Quercus ilex embryonic axes: in vitro culture, desiccation and cooling factors.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryo letters</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryopreservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryopreservation: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryoprotective Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryoprotective Agents: pharmacology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Culture Techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Culture Techniques: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desiccation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desiccation: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">embryonic axes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Germination: drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">liquid nitrogen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plantlet development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: embryology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds: embryology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survival Rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">283-290</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examines different factors included in the cryopreservation protocols for Quercus ilex and Q. suber embryonic axes. In vitro incubation temperature played an important role in the appropriate development of Q. ilex axes, as 15 degrees C was superior to 25 degrees C. Q. suber axes proved to be more sensitive to desiccation and cooling. Poor survival (35%) was observed when axes were included into cryovials and then in liquid nitrogen, and none when immersed in sub-cooled liquid nitrogen (-210 degrees C). Q. ilex axes showed poorly organised development in vitro (c. 50% of non-cooled axes showed shoot development). However, c. 80% survival was observed after cryopreservation (either in liquid nitrogen or sub-cooled liquid nitrogen at 0.34 g water / g dry weight), of which c. 15% showed shoot development.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12447487</style></accession-num></record></records></xml>