<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos, Isidro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villodre, Julio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrara, Arnaud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calera, Alfonso</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote sensing-based soil water balance to estimate mediterranean holm oak savanna (dehesa) evapotranspiration under water stress conditions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Hydrology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dual crop coefficient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evapotranspiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean holm oak savanna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODIS NDVI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Submitted</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169413003272</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract This paper aims to present the use of a remote sensing-based soil water balance to estimate holm oak woodland evapotranspiration (ET). The model is based on the assimilation of MODIS reflectance-based vegetation indices in the dual crop coefficient methodology. A daily water balance was performed on the root zone soil to estimate plant water stress. The methodology was evaluated with respect to the actual ET measured by eddy covariance in Mediterranean holm oak savanna (dehesa) for five consecutive years (2004 to 2008). The model adequately reproduced the absolute values and tendencies measured at daily and weekly periods. Root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.50 mm/day for daily values and 2.70 mm/week for weekly accumulated values. The analysis demonstrated the presence of a long period of water stress during the summer and at the beginning of fall. Measured ET dropped during these periods, and the model replicated this tendency accurately, reaching a stress coefficient value close to 0.2. To be operative, the proposed method required low ground data (reference evapotranspiration and precipitation) and the results indicated a simple, robust method that can be used to map ET and water stress in the dehesa ecosystem.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palma, J H N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paulo, J a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomé, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon sequestration of modern Quercus suber L. silvoarable agroforestry systems in Portugal: a YieldSAFE-based estimation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural land</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alley cropping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">791-801</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modern alley cropping designs, with trees aligned in rows and adapted to operating farming machinery, have been suggested for Europe. This paper explores the potential for adoption of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) agroforestry in Portugal and estimates the potential carbon sequestration. Spatial modeling and Portuguese datasets were used to estimate target areas where cork oak could grow on farmland. Different implementation scenarios were then modeled for this area assuming amodern silvoarable agroforestry system (113 trees ha-1 thinned at year 20 for establishing 50 trees ha-1). The YieldSAFE process-based model was used to predict the biomass and carbon yield of cork oak under low and high soil water holding capacity levels. Approximately 353,000 ha are available in Por- tugal for new cork oak alley cropping. Assuming implementation rates between 10 % of the area with low soil water capacity (60 mm: 15 cm depth, coarse texture) and70 %of the areawithhigh soilwaterholding capacity (1,228 mm: 200 cm depth, very fine texture), then carbon sequestration could be 5 9 106 and 123 9 106 Mg CO2 respectively. Due to higher yields on more productive land, scenarios of limited J. H. N. Palma (&amp;) ? J. A. Paulo ? M. Tome ´ FORCHANGE – Forest Ecosystems Management Under Global Change, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal e-mail: joaopalma@isa.ulisboa.pt implementation implementation in high productivity locations can sequester similar amounts of carbon as wide implemen- tation on low productivity land, suggesting that a priori land classification assessments can improve the targeting of land and financial incentives for carbon sequestration.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calvete-Sogo, Héctor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elvira, Susana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanz, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-Fernández, Ignacio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Gómez, Héctor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez-Martín, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alonso, Rocío</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bermejo-Bermejo, Victoria</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Current ozone levels threaten gross primary production and yield of Mediterranean annual pastures and nitrogen modulates the response</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annual grasslands interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrogen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tropospheric ozone</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastures are among the most important ecosystems in Europe considering their biodiversity and distribution area. However, their response to increasing tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition, two of the main drivers of global change, is still uncertain. A new Open-Top Chamber (OTC) experiment was performed in central Spain, aiming to study annual pasture response to O3 and N in close to natural growing conditions. A mixture of six species of three representative families was sowed in the field. Plants were exposed for 40 days to four O3 treatments: filtered air, non-filtered air (NFA) reproducing ambient levels and NFA supplemented with 20 and 40 nl l-1 O3. Three N treatments were considered to reach the N integrated doses of “background”, +20 or +40 Kg N ha-1. Ozone significantly reduced green and total aboveground biomass (maximum reduction 25%) and increased the senescent biomass (maximum increase 40%). Accordingly, O3 decreased community Gross Primary Production due to both a global reduction of ecosystem CO2 exchange and an increase of ecosystem respiration. Nitrogen could partially counterbalance O3 effects on aboveground biomass when the levels of O3 were moderate, but at the same time O3 exposure reduced the fertilization effect of higher N availability. Therefore, O3 must be considered as a stress factor for annual pastures in the Mediterranean areas.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanz, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-Fernández, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calvete-Sogo, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lin, J S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alonso, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muntifering, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bermejo, V</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone and nitrogen effects on yield and nutritive quality of the annual legume Trifolium cherleri</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annual grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forage quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone fluxes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Senescence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">765-772</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Two independent experiments were performed in an Open-Top Chamber facility to determine the response of biomass and nutritive quality of the annual legume Trifolium cherleri to increased levels of ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition, two main drivers of global change. Plants growing in pots were exposed to three O3 treatments: charcoal-filtered air (CFA); non-filtered air, reproducing ambient O3 levels of the site (NFA); and non-filtered air supplemented with 40 nl l−1 (NFA+). Nitrogen was added in biweekly doses to achieve final doses of 5 (N5), 15 (N15) and 30 kg ha−1 (N30), reproducing the N deposition range in the Iberian Peninsula. Ozone negatively affected all the growth-related parameters and increased plant senescent biomass. The pollutant affected subterranean biomass to a greater extent than aerial biomass, resulting in altered aerial/subterranean ratio. Effects in the second experiment followed the same pattern as in the first, but were of lesser magnitude. However, these differences between assays could not be explained adequately by the absorbed O3 fluxes (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose, POD). Concentrations of cell-wall constituents related to nutritive quality increased with the O3 exposure, reducing the Relative Food Value index (RFV) that indicates decreased nutritive quality of the forage. Nitrogen stimulated all growth-related parameters, but increased the aboveground biomass more than the subterranean biomass. No effects of N fertilizer were detected for the nutritive quality parameters. A significant interaction between O3 and N was found in the second experiment. N further enhanced the increase of senescent biomass caused by O3. Results indicate that O3 is a potentially significant environmental stress factor in terms of structure and diversity of Mediterranean pastures.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Gerardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, Eustolia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obrador, Jose J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonal, Raul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource manipulation reveals flexible allocation rules to growth and reproduction in a Mediterranean evergreen oak</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn abortion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">allocational plasticity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">growth-reproduction trade-offs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient addition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resource allocation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OXFORD UNIV PRESS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77-85</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aims In plants, resource allocation to growth and reproduction may depart from trade-off expectations if (i) investment in growth and reproduction relies on different resource pools, (ii) allocation to reproduction is dependent upon reaching some growth threshold or (iii) reproduction is developmentally linked to growth, both functions relying on the same resource pool. We examined the effects of enhanced resource level on patterns of resource allocation to growth and reproduction in holm oak (Quercus ilex sbsp. ballota), a Mediterranean evergreen tree. Methods In the experimental year (2003), we manipulated the amount of soil nutrients in autumn (to increase nutrient uptake during shoot elongation in the following spring) and soil water in summer (to increase water uptake during acorn growth). Indicators of growth and male and female reproduction were estimated in the pre-experimental (2002), experimental (2003) and post-experimental (2004) years. Important Findings Fertilized trees produced significantly longer shoots, but the number of female flowers per shoot was not affected by treatments. The production of male catkins was also enhanced by fertilization. Irrigation did not affect the production of female flowers or abortion rates. Growth and female reproduction showed no consistent relationship in untreated trees, but resource addition elicited a growth-female reproduction trade-off in the experimental year. The sign of this significant relationship changed in the post-experimental year, indicating the existence of lagged effects of resource manipulation on acorn production. Overall, patterns of allocation to growth and reproduction varied as a function of sex, resource availability and year, a result consistent with extreme allocational plasticity in holm oak.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiménez, M. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ripoll, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanchez-Miranda, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro, F. B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoring silvopastures with oak saplings: effects of mulch and diameter class on survival, growth, and annual leaf-nutrient patterns</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1007</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ballota á saplings á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contains supple-</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DBH</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dehesa á mulch á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electronic supplementary material the</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mulch</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online version of</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus ilex subsp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus ilex subsp. ballota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s10457-014-9737-y</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saplings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semi-arid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semi-arid á dbh á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">this article</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">935-946</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Southwestern Spain, multifunctional silvopastoral systems consisting of pastureland and open oak woodlands are known as Dehesas. These, and other similar systems of the Mediterranean basin, are currently threatened by increasing intensive land use. As a consequence, oak regeneration is declining and is in need of adequate management and active restoration. Traditional restoration practices outplant one-year-old, nursery-produced oak seedlings grown in 250–350 cm3 containers, but establishment and growth results are typically poor. This work examines holm oak (Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) grown in a non-conventional container size (24 l) and age (6–7 years) with three mulch treatments (control, stone, and straw). In an open Dehesa of SE Spain, 106 oak saplings were planted in March 2010, and survival, diameter at breast height (DBH), and leaf-nutrient concentrations were analyzed. Forty months after planting, all treatments showed high survival (81 %) but only straw-mulched saplings differed significantly (94 %) from control (74 %). DBH increased over time but showed no significant differences among mulch treatments. Saplings with high initial DBH showed the greatest growth and change in DBH at the end of the study period. Leaf- nutrient concentrations changed significantly in the year following outplanting. Bi-monthly foliar nutrient concentration data show decreases in P, K, Zn, and B and sharp increases in Ca and Fe. In this work, we provide some evidence concerning the viability of non-conventional oak size for restoring, regenerating, or building up new agroforestry or silvopastoral systems. A combination of saplings with more than 10 mm of DBH and straw mulch is recommended.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moral, Francisco J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rebollo, Francisco J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paniagua, Mercedes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murillo, Mónica</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using an objective and probabilistic model to evaluate the impact of different factors in the dehesa agroforestry ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Indicators</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survey</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Threat</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">253-259</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dehesa is a characteristic ecosystem in the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula. It has a high environmental value, and also a great importance from a social, cultural and economic point of view in those geographical areas in which exist. However, nowadays the natural values and the sustainability of this ecosystem are seriously threatened. With the aim of identifying useful tools to help in the decision making process to better manage the dehesa ecosystem, a set of surveys was performed to detect, classify and analyze those different problems that can affect it and, later, the responses were treated using the Rasch probabilistic model. Thus, surveys conducted in each municipality were related to the considered topics and vice versa. 119 surveys containing 68 topics of different nature, such as general threats affecting pasture, woodland, new technologies, fire, industry, commercialization, environment, rural tourism, cork, wood and hunting, were recovered from 23 municipalities located around the Monfragüe National Park, in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura (southwestern Spain). After processing them with the Rasch methodology, it is evident that the topics of major interest as the respondents indicated are ageing and lack of woodland regeneration, oak decline due to one of the most important fungal disease called “la seca”, and the issues related to industrialization and commercialization; topics related to the environment in general, e.g. wildfires or uncontrolled slurry discharges, are not perceived as essential. It was also obtained that the data fit the model reasonably, without important misfits, but some topics were found redundant, which should be taken into account to improve the surveys. The Rasch model constitutes a fundamental tool to better understand the relationships between those factors that exert an important influence in the dehesa ecosystem, helping to identify the threats and topics neglected by the owners but necessary to obtain a more cost-effective and environmental-friendly field management.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbonero Muñoz, M. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCÍA MORENO, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIDALGO FERNÁNDEZ, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEAL MURILLO, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blázquez Carrasco, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández Rebollo, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Efectos a corto plazo de la poda en la producción de bellota en relación al contexto productivo en que se realiza</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VI Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">encina</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meteorología</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sequía</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vecería</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 10</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Este trabajo cuantifica el efecto de una poda liviana de mantenimiento sobre la producción y morfología de la bellota de la encina en la dehesa en dos años con niveles de cosecha muy diferentes: 2001 y 2006. Para ello se eligieron 10 árboles que habían sido podados en 2001 y otros 10 que lo fueron en 2006. La producción obtenida en ambos años se comparó otros 10 árboles que no se habían podado y que poseían una morfología similar. Los resultados indican que el año siguiente a la poda la producción tiende a disminuir y el tamaño y peso de la bellota a aumentar, aunque este aumento sólo es significativo cuando la poda se realiza en un año de altas producciones. El porcentaje en que la producción y morfología de la bellota varía tras la poda también difiere en función de las características del año, siendo mayor cuando se aplica en contextos productivos buenos. Tampoco la poda no modifica de manera significativa la distribución de la producción y la morfología del fruto dentro del árbol</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: VI Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Vitoria</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gomez GUTIÉRREZ, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of interannual rainfall variability on runoff generation in a small dry sub-humid watershed with disperse tree cover</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">discharge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empirical modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RAINFALL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil moisture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">259-285</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recent studies in small experimental catchments under Mediterranean-type climate revealed a complex hydrological catchment response, presenting saturation excess runoff generation and, to a minor degree, infiltration excess flow. Many of these catchments, however, belong to areas with sub-humid or humid Mediterranean climate. Catchment studies were carried out since 1991 in savannah-like grazed land (dehesas), which are widespread in south-western Spain, and also elsewhere in the Mediterranean. Albeit knowledge gained by previous studies, no thorough analysis has been carried out on the temporal variation of discharge production using the complete dataset. The objectives include i) an analysis of the temporal variation of discharge and rainfall at different temporal scales, ii) exploration of the role of antecedent soil moisture conditions in runoff production, iii) empirical modeling of rainfall- runoff relationships at the event scale and iv) definition of the importance of interannual rainfall variation on discharge production. The analysis were based on rainfall and runoff which were monitored at a time resolution of 5 minutes and periodically measured soil moisture from various depth in the valley bottom. Regression analysis as well as the comparison of hydrographs illustrate on the importance of antecedent rainfall conditions. Soil moisture in the valley bottom was crucial to understand the hydrological behaviour of the catchment. A soil moisture threshold of 0.37 m3 m-3 was defined above which runoff coefficients increase sharply. This situation is reached with 170 mm of antecedent rain falling in a continuous way. The results indicate that saturation excess flow and preferential subsurface flow processes are responsible of most of the runoff generated. Hortonian type overland flow dominates under dry soil conditions and is produced by high intensity rainfall. Non-linear regression analysis with data grouped according to antecedent catchment conditions produced highly significant regression models, explaining event discharge with three variables: Maximum 60-minute rainfall intensity (I60), event rainfall minus I60 and mean antecedent daily rainfall. Variability of monthly runoff is best explained by interannual rainfall variation rather than by mean seasonal distribution. During droughts, which are a common feature in the Mediterranean, discharge was very low. Runoff is highly concentrated in time with 10% of the months accounting for 85% of total discharge.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perez Izquierdo, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatiotemporal variation in acorn production and damage in a Spanish holm oak (Quercus ilex) dehesa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Systems; Vol 22, No 1 (2013)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brenneria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curculio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cydia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatio-temporal variation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aim of study. There is a lack of knowledge about spatio-temporal patterns of acorn production in dehesas, especially regarding the influence of different agents causing acorn damage. We examined the spatial and temporal variability on acorn production and damage in four stands within a dehesa farm in 1997, 1998 and 1999. Area of study. The study was carried out in a 1800 ha dehesa farm of Cáceres province, western Spain. Material and Methods. Acorns were sampled by means of seed traps placed in the canopy of six holm oak trees per stand. Acorn collected in it were counted and assessed for damage by Curculio weevils, Cydia moths and the bacterial pathogen Brenneria quercina . Main results. Mean acorn production for the whole study period was 44.60 acorns m -2 , which did not vary significantly either among stands or among years. The variability among individual trees was very high (0-300 acorns m -2 ). The rate of infestation by Curculio was 7.64 ± 10.72 %, by Cydia was 1.76 ± 3.33 %, whereas 10.29 ± 16.12 % of acorns were infested by Brenneria . We found no significant spatial differences, but the rates of acorn loss by insects varied among years. These rates were independent of annual acorn production and there was no correlation among damages by different pests, except between Curculio and Cydia in two crop years. Research highlights. It can be concluded that acorn crops are synchronized at the within-farm level and that the temporal variation in acorn damages can be independent of crop size. Keywords: Acorn production; Brenneria; Curculio; Cydia; dehesa; Quercus ilex; spatio-temporal variation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corral-Fernández, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parras-Alcántara, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozano-García, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stratification ratio of soil organic C, N and C:N in Mediterranean evergreen oak woodland with conventional and organic tillage</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C:N ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stratiﬁcation ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tillage</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167880912004252</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">252 - 259</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TheMediterraneanevergreenoakwoodland(MEOW-dehesa)is themostwidespreadagroforestry system in Mediterranean Europe and integrates forestry, agricultural and livestock practices. The MEOW-dehesa is a grazing system with evergreen Quercus ilex spp. ballota. It is characterized by the conservation of forest oaks (Quercus spp.) and provides environmental beneﬁts such as carbon capture and storage in soils. The effect of conventional tillage (CT) and organic tillage (OT) on the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and C:N ratios has not been well documented in the MEOW-dehesa. The objective of this paper is to study these parameters in the MEOW-dehesa in two soil types (Leptosols and Cambisols) and two management systems, OT for 20 years and CT. The stratiﬁcation ratio (SR) of SOC, TN and C:N ratio is also evaluated. An analysis is performed on 85 soil proﬁles over the 2005–2009 period in southern Spain. The SR of SOC in Cambisols was greater under OT than CT, ranging from 1.25 to 1.42 and from 1.3 to 1.6 under CT and OT, respectively. The SR of TN for 0–20.9 cm, 20.9–55.5 cm and 55.5–102.1 cm depth was greater under OT than under CT. The OT also increased the stratiﬁcation of the C:N ratio compared to CT.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rueda, Marta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rebollo, Salvador</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Salgado, Gonzalo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contrasting impacts of different-sized herbivores on species richness of Mediterranean annual pastures differing in primary productivity.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">european rabbits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant-herbivore</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vertebrate herbivores can be key determinants of grassland plant species richness, although the magnitude of their effects can largely depend on ecosystem and herbivore characteristics. It has been demonstrated that the combined effect of primary productivity and body size is critical when assessing the impact of herbivores on plant richness of perennial-dominated grasslands; however, the interaction of site productivity and herbivore size as determinants of plant richness in annual-dominated pastures remains unknown. We experimentally partitioned primary productivity and herbivore body size (sheep and wild rabbits) to study the effect of herbivores on the plant species richness of a Mediterranean semiarid annual plant community in central Spain over six years. We also analyzed the effect of grazing and productivity on the evenness and species composition of the plant community, and green cover, litter, and plant height. We found that plant richness was higher where the large herbivore was present at high-productivity sites but barely changed at low productivity. The small herbivore did not affect species richness at either productivity site despite its large effects on species composition. We propose that adaptations to resource scarcity and herbivory prevented plant richness changes at low-productivity sites, whereas litter accumulation in the absence of herbivores decreased plant richness at high productivity. Our results are consistent with predictions arising from a long history of grazing and highlight the importance of both large and small herbivores to the maintenance of plant diversity of Mediterranean annual-dominated pastures.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23090759</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llorente Pinto, J. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesas y paisajes adehesados en Castilla y León</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polígonos. Revista de Geografía</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castile and Leon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extensive livestock grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://revpubli.unileon.es/ojs/index.php/poligonos/article/view/30</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179 - 203</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The &quot;dehesas&quot; of Castile and Leon occupy about 5.5% of the regional territory, primarily concentrated in the southwestern sector, the provinces of Salamanca, Avila and Zamora. They show a remarkable variety of lithological substrates, and the Holm oak is the most common tree species in these open woodlands. The farms are large (between 350 and 400 ha on average) and the land tenure is majority ownership. In this farms the livestock is the fundamental production, because it represents just over 75% of income. The dependence on subsidies is now considerable, as with other types of farms. Fattening Iberian pigs and cattle breeding are the main uses, and agricultural and forest uses are subordinate to the grazing. The landscape of this agricultural system is characterized by the prominence of open oak woodland with varying degrees of density. In recent years it has greatly increased the stocking density, and this, coupled with other processes are adversely affecting the internal balance of these agro-ecosystems and their own persistence, primarily because of problems related to a proper state of the trees</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franco, Juan Agustín</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, Paula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesias, Francisco Javier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic analysis of scenarios for the sustainability of extensive livestock farming in Spain under the CAP</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Economics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">common agricultural policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-compliance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extremadura</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Logistic models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800911005003</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120 - 129</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper proposes a change in the conditions of cross-compliance of CAP payments. Speciﬁcally, the eligibility criterion considered is compliance with minimal requirements of long-term economic and agroenvironmental sustainability. To this end, 69 range farms were surveyed in Extremadura (SW Spain). In these farms, sustainability was studied using the MESMIS framework. MESMIS is based on the evaluation of basic attributes of sustainability (adaptability, self-reliance, equity, stability, and productivity) formed from different indicators. The original indicators are then synthesized by means of qualitative, quantitative, or mixed techniques into a single value measuring the sustainability of the system (sustainability index). Alternative scenarios were then deﬁned in which the perception of CAP subsidies was to a greater or lesser extent linked to levels of sustainability. For each of these scenarios, the economic indicators of the farms were compared with those of the baseline (present) situation. The analysis was completed using a logistic model classiﬁcation to study the relationship between the maximum levels attainable by the economic indicators in terms of the sustainability indices. The results showed that including sustainability as a condition for receiving aid under the CAP can contribute to improving the economic results of traditional extensive farms.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilallonga, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiménez, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez, Joaquín</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrés, Santiago</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of the mineral status of two ecosystems for sustainable goat rearing in the iberian peninsula.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veterinary medicine international</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lactation requirements (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mineral content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sierra</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">853548</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The mineral status in two ecosystems typical of the Iberian Peninsula was evaluated. Ecosystem I was formed by forests and ecosystem II by hilly areas. The levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and selenium in soils, rations and serum were measured. The concentratons of iron, copper, zinc and selenium were also checked in liver. Ecosystem I showed higher values of every mineral, except for phosphorus. Seasonal differences were recorded for rations and serum, with higher values in spring. The rations produced by both ecosystems met the mineral requirements of goats in lactation. Thus, both ecosystems are suitable for the development of an ecological goat farming system. However, extra supply of minerals, particularly calcium, may be needed in the maximum productions periods.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22295254</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolo, Víctor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plieninger, Tobias</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Gerardo</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zobel, Martin</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation of holm oak recruitment through two contrasted shrubs species in Mediterranean grazed woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cistus ladanifer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nurse plant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retama sphaerocarpa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub encroachment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n/a--n/a</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Question: Regeneration failure and gradual tree dieback are major threats for the persistence of savanna-like grazed oak woodlands. Current research has argued that the scarcity of ‘safe sites’, in particular shrubs, is the main cause of the lack of effective tree recruitment. But can different shrub species be considered as safe sites generally? Do two distinct shrub species, with contrasted life strategies, affect several life stages of tree regeneration in similar ways or do they speciﬁcally inﬂuence the recruitment process? Location: Holm oak woodlands of SW Iberian Peninsula (40°02′ N, 06°06′ W). Methods: We surveyed densities of recently emerged and surviving seedlings as well as small and large saplings over two consecutive years in 40 sites that were independently managed, comparing plots encroached by either Cistus ladanifer (a shallow-rooted shrub, forming dense populations, with reported allelopathic compounds) or Retama sphaerocarpa (a N2-ﬁxing, deep-rooted shrub that forms scattered populations) vs their respective control plots (without shrubs). To assess the effect of mature trees and both shrub species on the performance and survival of recently emerged oak seedlings, we established an acorn sowing experiment in the same surveyed microhabitats (open spaces, shrub, tree and tree–shrub). Results: The survey showed that both shrubs species had a positive effect at early recruitment stages. At later life stages, this effect weakened under Cistus whereas it strengthened under Retama. The acorn sowing experiment showed that both shrub species buffered abiotic conditions and enhanced seedling functioning similarly, but Retama enhanced seedling survival to a higher extent than Cistus. Conclusions: The two shrub species impose a speciﬁc template that is able to affect the long-term dynamics of Mediterranean oak woodlands. Cistus shrubs are effective in protecting seedlings physically against herbivores and facilitate early survival, but may compete with older stages of oak regeneration. In contrast, Retama shrubs exert stronger biological facilitation and guarantee longterm persistence of surviving seedlings. We argue that improved understanding of the effectiveness of different nurse plants and their contrasting factors is of major interest for the conservation and restoration of degraded oak woodlands</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolo, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interspecific competition induces asymmetrical rooting profile adjustments in shrub-encroached open oak woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cistus ladanifer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niche separation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retama sphaerocarpa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root plasticity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">997-1006</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is recognized that the extent of woody encroachment is increasing worldwide, but less is known concerning the likely altered below-ground structure of cooccurring plants. The aim of this study was to analyze the root system plasticity of three layers of vegetation growing together (trees, shrubs and pasture) and identify potential mechanisms of competition avoidance. Root morphology and distribution of trees, pasture and two contrasting shrub species (deep and shallow rooted) were studied in open oak woodlands of south-western Spain. Soil samples were obtained from paired adjacent plots, with and without shrubs, by taking soil cores to a depth of 3 m. Analysis of tree and pasture root systems in the presence of shrubs revealed signiﬁcant reductions in root biomass and consistent increases in speciﬁc root length. Additionally, root proﬁles changed substantially, becoming signiﬁcantly deeper for trees and shallower for pasture. In contrast, both types of shrub increased their root biomass when growing in competition, but without signiﬁcantly modifying their rooting proﬁle. Shrubs seem to be stronger competitors for below-ground resources than neighboring species. However, trees and pasture show clear plastic responses to shrub presence, irrespective of their rooting patterns, probably to minimize competitive interactions and maximize resource acquisition.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almeida Ribeiro, Nuno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surový, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoshimoto, Atsushi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimal Regeneration Regime under Continuous Crown Cover Requirements in Cork Oak Woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FORMATH</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork oak woodland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision support system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamic programming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in the present work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado/dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">optimization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial growth simulator</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the cork oak tree</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83 - 102</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the present work the cork oak tree spatial growth simulator CORKFITS is used to create candidate scenarios for generating a large set of regeneration regimes combining both time and intensity factors with the individual tree spatial information. An optimal regeneration regime under continuous crown cover requirements is sought by applying a dynamic programming algorithm. It is shown that the crown cover constraint inﬂuences the total cork production potential in a negative way. The target cover constraint of 50% decreases the cork production by 66% from the potential in 40 years in our mature plot, and approximately 43% in our young plot. Higher crown cover constraint of 70% decreases the potential cork production approximately by 54% in the mature plot and does not have any inﬂuence on the younger plot. The observed losses in cork production in relation with the potential with the crown cover constrains need to be compensated economically by the higher availability of growing space for the grazing and livestock part of the montado/dehesa production system</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cubera, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Gerardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solla, Alejandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madeira, Manuel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root system of Quercus suber L. seedlings in response to herbaceous competition and different watering and fertilisation regimes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Improved pasture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling recruitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10457-012-9492-x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">205 - 214</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Different management practices are commonly applied to increase pasture yield of Mediterranean open woodlands, but the consequences of increasing competition for soil resources with these practices on tree recruitment are still unknown. In a greenhouse study, belowground competition of Quercus suber L. seedlings growing together with natural (OakNP) or improved pasture (OakIP) was evaluated, and their root systems compared with those of seedlings growing in bare soil (OakBS). Two watering levels and two regimes of P2O5 fertilisation were also tested. Because of competition, the OakIP seedlings had their ﬁne root mass density, coarse root length, and shoot mass reduced by up to 40, 36, and 39%, respectively, when compared to OakNP seedlings. OakNP and OakBS seedlings showed similar average root density parameters and shoot mass values, indicating that Q. suber seedlings growing with natural pasture is a low competitive system. High availability of water and phosphorus did not mitigate the strength of competition between herbaceous plants and oak seedlings, and favoured the pasture to the detriment of the trees. Our ﬁndings suggest that P2O5 fertilisation and irrigation practices performed to improve herbaceous productivity will negatively inﬂuence recruitment of Q. suber seedlings.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González González, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grau Corbí, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández Cancio, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiménez Ballesta, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González Cascón, M. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil carbon stocks and soil solution chemistry in Quercus ilex stands in Mainland Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean ecosystems á soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus ilex á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil carbon stocks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil carbon stocks á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil solution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solution á dehesa</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10342-012-0623-8http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10342-012-0623-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1653 - 1667</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The quantiﬁcation of terrestrial carbon pools is important for the modeling of carbon ﬂuxes in forest ecosystems. As a contribution to the understanding of the factors that inﬂuence the carbon sequestration capacity of Mediterranean forest soils, the present study focuses on the quantiﬁcation of the superﬁcial soil carbon stocks in evergreen oak stands (Quercus ilex L.) representative of its distribution area in Mainland Spain and to analyze the inﬂuence of site factors (climate and topography) and the soil chemical properties in the topsoil carbon storage capacity. For that purpose, 103 Quercus ilex stands were studied grouped in four main formations: 40 wooded grassland ecosystems with scattered oak trees (dehesas), 14 open Holm oak stands, 28 mixed Holm oak forests and 21 dense Holm oak forests. The soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) in the upper organo-mineral soil layer ranged between 1.4–15.6 kg m -2 and total soil carbon stocks (TSCS) between 1.4–17.9 kg m -2 . Tree density was a signiﬁcant factor for SOC storage in the soil. The wooded grassland dehesas presented the minimum superﬁcial SOC stocks (3.6 kg m -2 ), while dense Holm oak forests reached the maximum average values (7.6 kg m -2 ). Maximum SOCS ([10 kg m -2 ) were measured in the mixed and dense Holm oak forests over soils with calcareous substrates. Summer mean temperature (R = -0.46; P\0.001) was the climatic variable that most inﬂuenced the SOCS. Soil properties had stronger positive correlations with SOCS than site factors: nitrogen concentrations (R = 0.70; P\0.001), clay content (R = 0.62; P\0.001), soluble calcium (R = 0.60; P\0.001) and magnesium (R = 0.42; P\0.001). Climatic and topographic variables together explained 30 % of the SOCS variability. An increase up to 63 % was obtained by including soil variables. Under Mediterranean climate conditions, the soil properties that enhance the organic matter protection achieve a notable relevance. The soil carbon storage is favored by large organic matter inputs, high soil clay contents, a calcium-saturated soil matrix and reduced summer aridity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serrano, María S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Rebollo, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vita, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez, M Esperanza</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susceptibility of common herbaceous crops to Phytophthora cinnamomi and its influence on Quercus root rot in rangelands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Plant Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vetch</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wheat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">yellow lupin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">134</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">409-414</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The susceptibility to Phytophthora cinnamomi of four crops (wheat, oat, vetch, and yellow lupin) commonly planted in rangeland ecosystems in southern Spain was evaluated. By means of in vitro infection experiments, the presence of the pathogen into the roots of yellow lupin (symptomatic) and vetch (asymptomatic) was observed, but never into wheat and oat roots (asymptomatic). It was also demonstrated that yellow lupin stimulated the production of zoospores of P. cinnamomi. Vetch, wheat and oat did not stimulate zoospore production. Under controlled conditions, only yellow lupin induced an increase in the number of viable chlamydospores in the soil. We concluded that the culture of wheat, oat, and vetch in rangelands did not influence the epidemiology of the Quercus root disease, even when asymptomatically-infected vetch is grown, and these crops can constitute an alternative to the culture of yellow lupin in rangeland ecosystems affected by Quercus root rot.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Durá, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendiguren, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pacheco, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martín, M. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riaño, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iturrate, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gimeno, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrara, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Validación de productos MODIS relacionados con la estimación de flujos de carbono en una dehesa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XV Congreso Nacional de Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica, Madrid, AGE-CSIC, 19-21 de Septiembre de 2012</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon fluxes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODIS products</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">validation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4266728</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Several studies have demonstrated the potential of the images obtained by MODIS TERRA and AQUA platforms for global analysis of parameters related to the structure and functioning of vegetation critical for estimating and modeling the water and carbon exchanges between the biosphere and atmosphere at a global scale. However, recent works have revealed the existence of large errors (Pisek et al., 2007, Sea et al., 2011) showing that some products lack the robustness and consistency required, particularly for drought prone ecosystems with a complex structure of vegetation, such as Mediterranean ecosystems The main objective of this study is the validation of MODIS TERRA and AQUA products using field measurements in order to quantify the possible differences and analyze their potential causes. We have analysed a series of MOD/MYD13, MOD/MYD15, MOD/MYD17products acquired between 2009 and 2011 in a “dehesa” located in Caceres province which has an &quot;eddy covariance&quot; tower included in the FLUXNET international network. These results show low correlation for LAI (Leaf Area Index) (r2 = 0.67), but high correlation for NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) (r2 = 0.92) and gross primary productivity or GPP (r2 = 0.80). However, although MODIS collects fine temporal dynamics of flows and structural changes in the ecosystem, there are some important differences between MODIS products, including NDVI and GPP, and terrain data</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: XV Congreso Nacional de Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica, Madrid, AGE-CSIC, 19-21 de Septiembre de 2012</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torres, Ivan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urbieta, Itziar R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Jose M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation and soil seed bank relationships across microhabitats in an abandoned Quercus suber parkland under simulated fire</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecoscience</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cistus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Encroachment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean shrublands</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-10</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean agro-forestry systems are undergoing rapid change due to abandonment. This turns formerly cultivated or grazed oak-tree parklands (i.e., savanna-type formations called “dehesas”) into flammable formations of scattered trees within a matrix of shrubs with open spaces. Wildfires can now occur, threatening the persistence of these formations. Fire-prone shrublands commonly regenerate after fire from seeds stored in the soil. Understanding the relationships between standing vegetation and the soil seed bank across microhabitats can help predict the response of the system in case of fire. Here we investigated these relationships in an abandoned Quercus suber (cork oak) dehesa in central Spain. Vegetation and soil were sampled and assigned to different microhabitats: under the trees (TRC), in dense shrub cover (DSC), and in low shrub cover (LSC). A heat shock was applied to half of each sample to simulate fire; the other half served as control. Both sets of samples were then germinated in a greenhouse. Almost 90% of the species were herbs, while the rest were woody shrubs. The number of species recorded in TRC and DSC was lower than in LSC, in which species richness, particularly herbs, was maximal. Heating increased the total number of species that germinated, but mean species richness per sample was not altered. Heating markedly increased the number of germinations in all microhabitats, particularly those of woody species. Furthermore, the germination of shrubby species increased in the 3 microhabitats, notably in TRC. While the standing plant community was well differentiated among microhabitats, this was not the case for the soil seed bank, which was homogeneous across microhabitats, with or without heating. We conclude that the high density of shrubby seeds found in TRC or in the other microhabitats presents substantial threats to the persistence of Q. suber parklands in case of fire.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alejano, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vázquez-Piqué, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carevic, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Do ecological and silvicultural factors influence acorn mass in Holm Oak (southwestern Spain)?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10457-011-9369-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25 - 39</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of orientation, location, year, and pruning treatment on mean acorn mass in two open woodland experimental locations (Huelva, South-Western Spain) of Holm Oak (Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota [Desf.] Samp.) was analyzed during 2001–2006. Data were analyzed by using a mixed linear model, where the covariates were tree size parameters (circumference at 80 cm height, crown size), topographic position (wet index and ﬂow length), intraspeciﬁc competition, total acorn crops per tree (weight and number), and climatic parameters. Average estimated acorn mass was 3.17 g acorn -1 in the Calan˜as location and 4.12 g acorn -1 in the San Bartolome´ location, with signiﬁcant differences between locations, among individual trees and across years. Acorns from the south sides of trees were signiﬁcantly heavier than those at other positions. The effect of pruning treatment and the interactions location 9 treatment and treatment 9 year were not signiﬁcant. Our study provides no evidence that pruning affects acorn mass. None of the analyzed covariates related to tree size, topographic position and intraspeciﬁc competition explained the difference among trees, suggesting that heritable factors play an important role. Speciﬁc climatic parameters during September, the most important month for acorn growth, may explain the effects of year and location 9 year on acorn mass. In addition, there appeared to be a ‘‘trade-off’’ between acorn mass and number of acorns.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GOITI, U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AIHARTZA, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GUIU, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geoffroy's bat, Myotis emarginatus, preys preferentially on spiders in multistratified dense habitats: a study of foraging bats in the Mediterranean</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Folia Zoologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">araneae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chiroptera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">foraging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ivb.cz/folia/60/1/3_2011.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17 - 24</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In a Geoffroy’s bat Myotis emarginatus colony in central Iberia, we investigated the foraging behaviour of six lactating females by means of radio-tracking and the diet of 23 individuals by faecal analysis. The bats preferred to forage mainly in pine plantations, riparian woodland, and scrubland, whereas native dehesa (a loose semi-natural oak Quercus rotundifolia and Q. suber woodland) was not exploited as expected. By far the most important prey type for this bat in the Mediterranean were spiders. We conclude that Geoffroy’s bat prefers to forage in multistratified dense habitats, even if these include nonnative plantations. The vertical structuring and especially high cover, along with the combination of both parameters are important for this highly manoeuvrable, clutter-tolerant bat. This is valid even when the vertical component is much reduced as occurs in scrubland, in the first succession steps to woodland creation, and in degraded conditions. Under such circumstances, aerial weaving spiders might be detected and captured when lying in their webs. It is likely that dehesa is too loosely wooded to offer suitable characteristics for orb-weaving aerial spiders to build webs, and thus it may not be as attractive for M. emarginatus as more dense habitats.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rivest, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolo, Víctor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Díaz, Lurdes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Gerardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub encroachment in Mediterranean silvopastoral systems: Retama sphaerocarpa and Cistus ladanifer induce contrasting effects on pasture and Quercus ilex production</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Overstorey–understorey interactions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">447-454</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvopastoral systems are threatened worldwide by progressive loss of either tree cover or herbaceous cover due to lack of tree regeneration and shrub encroachment, respectively. Grazed Mediterranean open woodlands, as Iberian dehesa, are an outstanding example of silvopastoral system where shrub encroachment has been proposed as an effective means to facilitate tree seedling recruitment and ensure the system persistence. Shrubs also may interact with pasture understorey and tree overstorey, thereby affecting the overall system productivity. We tested the effects of shrub encroachment on pasture yield, tree growth and acorn production in years of contrasting rainfall in Quercus ilex L. dehesas of centralwestern Spain.We compared the effects oftwo prominentMediterranean shrub species that differ in their ecological strategies: a N2-ﬁxing and sparse deep-rooting shrub (Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss), and a dense shallow-rooting shrub (Cistus ladanifer L). In intermediate and dry years, pasture yield beneath tree canopy was lower by 21–35% than in open grassland. Pasture yield beneath tree canopy was not signiﬁcantly affected during the wet year. C. ladanifer encroachment signiﬁcantly reduced pasture yield by 68–98%, tree growth by 17–29%, and acorn yield by 6–44%. In contrast, R. sphaerocarpa signiﬁcantly increased pasture yield by 11–157% and tree growth by 6–13%, but had a neutral effect on acorn yield. Our results suggest that pasture is more sensitive to shrub encroachment and annual rainfall variation than is Q. ilex. The importance of C. ladanifer competition and R. sphaerocarpa facilitation on pasture yield increased in the driest year. We conclude that the sign and intensity of shrub encroachment effects on pasture and tree production in Mediterranean dehesas are species-speciﬁc and depend on temporal variation as a function of climate.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robles, Hugo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciudad, Carlos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matthysen, Erik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree-cavity occurrence, cavity occupation and reproductive performance of secondary cavity-nesting birds in oak forests: The role of traditional management practices</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cavity occupation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cavity-nesting birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pyrenaica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reproductive performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traditional management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">261</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1428-1435</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Secondary cavity-nesting birds (SCN), which cannot create their own breeding cavities, are expected to be inﬂuenced by habitat alteration caused by forest management practices, but the mechanisms underlying the distribution pattern of SCN subjected to different management systems are poorly known. To improve our knowledge on these mechanisms, we examine cavity abundance, cavity occupation and reproductive performance of SCN in Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica) forests subjected to two management systems: (i) dense “young forests”, maintained at such stage by clear-cuttings and burns, and (ii) “old forest”, subjected to extensive traditional grazing and scarce ﬁrewood extraction by selective cutting. Young forests had considerably lower density of cavities (1.29 ± 0.71 vs 15.09 ± 2.00 cavities ha−1 ), SCN species (0.18 ± 0.11 vs 0.61 ± 0.07 species ha−1 ) and nests (0.40 ± 0.27 vs 2.67 ± 0.25 nests of all SCN ha−1 ) than old forests, indicating that a low availability of cavities may limit SCN assemblages in young oak forests. However, reproductive parameters of great (Parus major) and blue (Cyanistes caeruleus) tits associated with the availability of food (laying date, clutch size, nestling number and weight, adult weight) did not differ between both forest types, suggesting that food supply was not reduced in young forests, at least for tits during the breeding season. Large diameter (up to 170 cm dbh) decayed trees were the most likely to hold cavities, but birds preferred smaller living cavity-trees for nesting (90% of nests in 21–65 cm dbh trees). The preservation of cavity-trees within traditionally managed old oak forests is crucial in providing nesting opportunities to SCN. Besides, the protection of these traditionally managed forests would also beneﬁt to other forest organisms that depend on old and open oak forests.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateos Rodriguez, A. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leco, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Distribución espacial de la lluvia sobre el suelo en la dehesa: influencia de la poda del arbolado</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuaternario y Geomorfología</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercíneas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throufall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree pruning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://84.88.0.34/index.php/CUGEO/article/view/16916</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41 - 51</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesas are dominant ecosystems in the region of Extremadura (SW Spain), being Quercus species, main- ly holm and cork oaks the dominant tree species. Those species undertake a very important role on the dehesa land- scapes as essential elements for the adequate functioning of the systems. Among other issues, tree cover affects the spatial distribution of rainfall. Tree crowns intercept rainfall leading to an irregular distribution of the water over the soil surface. Tree pruning, for regeneration or production, represents an activity which is carried out periodically over the dehesa trees, causing changes on tree crown architecture, and considerably reducing foliar biomass. In this work there is quantified the volume of rain to the surface of the soil under different coverage, analyzing the effects that prun- ing techniques can have of over the whole water resources and the possible repercussions on the soil system, in a zone of dehesa of the Cáceres province (Extremadura).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barrico, Lurdes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversity of soil basidiomycete communities associated with Quercus suber L. in Portuguese montados</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Soil Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basidiomycete</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dgge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1164556310000294</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">280 - 287</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The montado is an agro-silvo pastoral system characterized by an open oak formation combined with shrubs or a rotation of cultures/pastures/fallow. A key, but frequently overlooked, component of these systems is the fungal community associated with the dominant oaks. We present a study of the basidiomycete community in montado areas of Quercus suber L. from Central-Western Portugal, based on fruiting body assessment and PCR-DGGE of soil mycelium. Soil available phosphorus and organic matter content were also determined. The most frequent fruiting body found in the cork oak montados belonged to Lactarius, Clitocybe, Russula and Cortinarius species. Lactarius chrysorrheus was the most widely distributed species. Soil management practices cause a temporal increase in soil available phosphorus, and harrowing and fertilizer application also result in an increase in soil organic matter content. Mechanical clearing with recent soil disturbance had a negative effect on the richness and diversity of the basidiomycete community assessed using fruiting body. The molecular analysis of the basidiomycete community separated the sites with recent shrub-removal from the others sites. Our results show that soil management techniques that avoid disturbance of the top-soil layers are the best way to preserve the structure and diversity of the soil fungal community in the montado.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Masson SAS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergmeier, Erwin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petermann, Jörg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schröder, Eckhard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geobotanical survey of wood-pasture habitats in Europe: diversity, threats and conservation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitats directive</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hudewald</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pasture-woodland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvopastoralism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traditional land-use</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-010-9872-3http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10531-010-9872-3</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2995 - 3014</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agro-silvopastoral land-use has a long tradition throughout Europe. Depending on the region, wood-pasture occurs as vanishing relic of historical land-use, or still more or less widespread as multiple-use rangeland. A new development is that former intensively managed land is being left to evolve towards wood-pasture as an economically and ecologically favourable alternative. In a review of European wood-pasture habitats we distinguish 24 types based on the geobotanical criteria of region, structure, land-use and tree species composition. The European wood-pasture types may be classiﬁed as hemiboreal and boreal (4 types), nemoral old-growth (7), nemoral scrub and coppice (5), meridional old-growth (2), meridional scrub and coppice (4), and grazed orchards (2). Wood-pasture forms part of the cultural heritage of Europe, and may add signiﬁcantly to the preservation of regional biodiversity. The role of wood-pasture in ecological restoration planning and the possibilities of maintaining or enhancing features of wood-pasture deserve more recognition. Many wood-pastures suffer from regeneration failure and are over-mature. Other threats to wood-pasture include abandonment, intensiﬁcation, oak disease, overgrazing and clearance. In the European Union Habitats Directive, woodpasture habitats are represented but rather inconsistently. We suggest neglected woodpasture habitat types to be considered for inclusion. Wood-pasture may form an important element for the economic integrity of rural areas aiming to improve ecological quality‚ provided they are managed sustainably</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tejerina, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Torres, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cabeza de Vaca, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cava, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vázquez, F. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interannual variability and evolution during the montanera period of Holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia Lam.) acorns</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn sanitary condition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feeding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iberian pigs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proximate composition</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://revistas.inia.es/index.php/sjar/article/view/1259/1203</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">634 - 641</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eighty-eight samples of Quercus rotundifolia acorns were analyzed during three consecutive years (2005/06, 2006/07 and 2007/08) to determine variations in their morphology, sanitary condition, and nutritional composition throughout the same period of montanera (free-range swine-raising system of SW Iberia) and between different years of study. Results showed that morphological characteristics remained constant throughout montanera season. Fungal damage increased, and Curculio sp. and Cydia sp. pests decreased over the course of the montanera season. Dry matter content decreased in both kernel and pericarp (P &lt; 0.001), while the crude fiber and protein contents were not modified. The ash, nitrogen-free extract, and fat contents, however, were also affected by sampling date within a montanera season. With respect to the interannual variability, variations (P &lt; 0.05) were observed in all the variables studied. It is therefore confirmed that there is variability in the sanitary condition and nutritional composition of acorns within the same montanera season and between different years of study. These could explain the differences in the chemical characteristics of Iberian pig tissues from animals raised in different montanera seasons, and even during the same montanera season.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gade, Daniel W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parsons on Pigs and Acorns*</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographical Review</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iberian ham (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak woodland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pigs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2010.00060.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">598 - 606</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many articles in the Geographical Review hold stories that resonate in the history of geography only when the passage of time provides the necessary detachment to put these accounts into a context of larger signiﬁcance. The circumstances behind the selection of a particular topic, vicissitudes of the research phase, personality of the author, and exchanges during the editorial process that bring it to publication together provide insight into the diﬀerent layers of geographical scholarship. To all that can be added another dimension: explaining the impact that the piece of writing has had on individuals who have read it. One article in the Geographical Review profoundly aﬀected the formation of my geographical imagination. It did so without appealing to any theory, showcasing some dazzling new technique, harboring an advocacy agenda, or exhorting the reader in any way. Now, nearly half a century after its publication, this text opened another level of reﬂection about its content, author, journal, editor, and changes in the place that was under study.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdà, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, Susanne</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RUNOFF PRODUCTION AND EROSION PROCESSES ON A DEHESA IN WESTERN SPAIN*</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographical Review</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">runoff</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2002.tb00147.x/abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">333 - 353</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Runoff generation and soil erosion were investigated at the Guadalperal6n ex- perimental watershed (western Spain), within the land-use system known as dehesa, or open, managed evergreen forests. Season and type of surface were found to control runoff and soil- loss rates. Five soil units were selected as representative of surface types found in the study area: hillslope grass, bottom grass, tree cover, sheep trails, and shrub cover. Measurements were made in various conditions with simulated rainfall to gain an idea of the annual varia- tion in runoff and soil loss. Important seasonal differences were noted due to surface cover and moisture content of soil, but erosion rates were determined primarily by runoff. Surfaces covered with grass and shrubs always showed less erosion; surfaces covered with holm oaks showed higher runoff rates, due to the hydrophobic character of the soils. Concentrations of runoff sediment during the siniulations confirmed that erosion rates at the study site de- pended directly on the sediment available on the soil surface</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of holm oak intraspecific competition using Gamma regression</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diameter increment growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">generalized linear model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">310-322</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of plant competition is a major issue in ecology and forestry, as it influences plant growth and plant-environment interactions. Competition is expected to be lower in the sparse tree stratum of open woodlands and agroforestry systems than in closed forests. We have analyzed competition in open woodlands of Quercus ilex in the Iberian Peninsula by studying a 10-year diameter growth increment from collected samples and from consecutive National Forest Inventories. Density was the competition index selected in all models, outperforming more complex distance-dependent indices. The models showed that competition is playing a role in growth but that the covariate most correlated with growth is age or dbh as a surrogate of age. Therefore, below-ground competition is likely to be limiting tree growth, but below-ground competition is lower in open woodlands compared with that in denser forests and thus potential growth (which is strongly linked to age) is almost expressed. Model behavior was improved when data were fitted directly using generalized linear models, which do not require transforming of the dependent variable. Our results showed that modeling growth with the gamma probability distribution resulted in better models compared with Gaussian linear models. Gamma regression offers a great potential for many forestry applications.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of holm oak intraspecific competition using Gamma regression</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diameter increment growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">generalized linear model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/fs/2009/00000055/00000004/art00003</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">310 - 322</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of plant competition is a major issue in ecology and forestry, as it influences plant growth and plant-environment interactions. Competition is expected to be lower in the sparse tree stratum of open woodlands and agroforestry systems than in closed forests. We have analyzed competition in open woodlands of Quercus ilex in the Iberian Peninsula by studying a 10-year diameter growth increment from collected samples and from consecutive National Forest Inventories. Density was the competition index selected in all models, outperforming more complex distance-dependent indices. The models showed that competition is playing a role in growth but that the covariate most correlated with growth is age or dbh as a surrogate of age. Therefore, below-ground competition is likely to be limiting tree growth, but below-ground competition is lower in open woodlands compared with that in denser forests and thus potential growth (which is strongly linked to age) is almost expressed. Model behavior was improved when data were fitted directly using generalized linear models, which do not require transforming of the dependent variable. Our results showed that modeling growth with the gamma probability distribution resulted in better models compared with Gaussian linear models. Gamma regression offers a great potential for many forestry applications.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesías, F. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escribano, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing the technical efficiency of extensive livestock farming systems in Extremadura, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Livestock Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Data envelopment analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extensive livestock farming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technical efficiency</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1871141308001558</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">121</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7 - 14</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The technical efficiencies of a sample of extensive dehesa farms were analyzed using a nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. This technique creates efficiency indices by comparing the performance of each farm with the best production practices observed, which define the efficiency or production frontier. The influence of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies (taken as an output) on the farms' efficiency was determined. The measurement of the efficiency has taken place from inputs per hectare thus allowing to make a different interpretation from the scale efficiency that, instead of referring to the dimension of the farm, is referred to the intensification. Thanks to the input-oriented analysis it can be established that the farms could maintain similar production levels by introducing a 30% reduction of their inputs (e.g. with breeds better adapted to the environment, a better use of the own produced pastures to reduce the amount of feedstuff to be bought, reductions in manpower…). Those highly intensified dehesas have shown decreasing inefficiencies of scale, whereas the least intensified have shown increasing inefficiencies. With a second stage analysis, different types of farms were identified as corresponding to greater or lesser efficiencies. It has been identified that the group of farms with high stocking rates have the greatest efficiencies indices. With respect to the livestock orientation, the farms with a livestock mix including pig were the most efficient. Modifications in the stocking rate, allowing an adequate use of the natural resources available, can be a solution to improve the efficiency of dehesa farms. In addition mixed livestock farming is another useful tool towards achieving increased efficiency, and a reduced dependence on subsidies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesías, F J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escribano, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing the technical efficiency of extensive livestock farming systems in Extremadura, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Livestock Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Data envelopment analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extensive livestock farming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technical efficiency</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">121</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-14</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The technical efficiencies of a sample of extensive dehesa farms were analyzed using a nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. This technique creates efficiency indices by comparing the performance of each farm with the best production practices observed, which define the efficiency or production frontier. The influence of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies (taken as an output) on the farms' efficiency was determined. The measurement of the efficiency has taken place from inputs per hectare thus allowing to make a different interpretation from the scale efficiency that, instead of referring to the dimension of the farm, is referred to the intensification. Thanks to the input-oriented analysis it can be established that the farms could maintain similar production levels by introducing a 30% reduction of their inputs (e.g. with breeds better adapted to the environment, a better use of the own produced pastures to reduce the amount of feedstuff to be bought, reductions in manpower…). Those highly intensified dehesas have shown decreasing inefficiencies of scale, whereas the least intensified have shown increasing inefficiencies. With a second stage analysis, different types of farms were identified as corresponding to greater or lesser efficiencies. It has been identified that the group of farms with high stocking rates have the greatest efficiencies indices. With respect to the livestock orientation, the farms with a livestock mix including pig were the most efficient. Modifications in the stocking rate, allowing an adequate use of the natural resources available, can be a solution to improve the efficiency of dehesa farms. In addition mixed livestock farming is another useful tool towards achieving increased efficiency, and a reduced dependence on subsidies.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar García, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesias Diaz, F. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escribano Sanchez, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido Garcia, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of the sustainability in dehesa farms according to size and livestock prevalence</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ITEA-INFORMACION TECNICA ECONOMICA AGRARIA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extensive livestock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">farm management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability indicators</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117 - 141</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of the sustainability in dehesa farms according to size and livestock prevalence This paper presents an evaluation of the sustainability of the dehesa livestock systems located in Extremadura (SW Spain). We apply a methodological adaptation of the framework known as MESMIS (Framework for the Evaluation of Management Systems incorporating Sustainability Index). This method is based on the valuation of basic attributes of sustainability using indicators and indices that allow simultaneous and comparative analyses of farms based on their size and productive orientation. A global value of sustainability for each typology present in dehesa is obtained from a fundamentally technical-economic perspective, taking into account some environmental and social aspects. The dimension of the operation influences the capacity of adaptation of operations, with bigger farms showing better adaptability. The smaller farms compensate their management by improving productivity levels. We also observe that the presence of Iberian pig improves the sustainability index of the operations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: AVDA MONTANANA 930, APARTADO 727, ZARAGOZA, 50080, SPAIN&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ASOCIACION INTERPROFESIONAL DESARROLLO AGARIO</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar Garcia, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesias Diaz, F J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escribano Sanchez, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido Garcia, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of the sustainability in dehesa farms according to size and livestock prevalence</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ITEA-INFORMACION TECNICA ECONOMICA AGRARIA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extensive livestock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">farm management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability indicators</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASOCIACION INTERPROFESIONAL DESARROLLO AGARIO</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AVDA MONTANANA 930, APARTADO 727, ZARAGOZA, 50080, SPAIN</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117-141</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of the sustainability in dehesa farms according to size and livestock prevalence This paper presents an evaluation of the sustainability of the dehesa livestock systems located in Extremadura (SW Spain). We apply a methodological adaptation of the framework known as MESMIS (Framework for the Evaluation of Management Systems incorporating Sustainability Index). This method is based on the valuation of basic attributes of sustainability using indicators and indices that allow simultaneous and comparative analyses of farms based on their size and productive orientation. A global value of sustainability for each typology present in dehesa is obtained from a fundamentally technical-economic perspective, taking into account some environmental and social aspects. The dimension of the operation influences the capacity of adaptation of operations, with bigger farms showing better adaptability. The smaller farms compensate their management by improving productivity levels. We also observe that the presence of Iberian pig improves the sustainability index of the operations.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in limiting resources determine spatio-temporal variability in tree–grass interactions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abiotic stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grass production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10457-009-9211-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">375 - 387</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changing biotic and abiotic stress mediate in plant–plant interactions resulting in positive to neutral or negative effects, and these effects can change with gradients of stress or through plant dynamics. Here we studied the variability in annual grass production and composition induced by gradients of intercepted light by trees in years of contrasting precipitation in Mediterranean holm oak open woodlands. Although trees reduce the light radiance received by the pasture community, the presence of trees generally had a positive effect on pasture production in average climatic years where soil fertility was low. However, the interaction changed with increasing abiotic water stress. In a dry year, the increase in fertility could not be utilized and the effect of the crown was neutral. The effect of shade turned out to be beneﬁcial for growth, contrary to the situation in an average climatic year. Light insolation was positive for legume biomass. There was high variability in functional components over the course of the growing period and from 1 year to another. Under low levels of other biotic stresses such as livestock grazing or root competition, the limiting factor among light, soil moisture or soil nutrients may determine whether facilitation or competition occurs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in limiting resources determine spatio-temporal variability in tree–grass interactions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abiotic stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grass production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">375-387</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changing biotic and abiotic stress mediate in plant–plant interactions resulting in positive to neutral or negative effects, and these effects can change with gradients of stress or through plant dynamics. Here we studied the variability in annual grass production and composition induced by gradients of intercepted light by trees in years of contrasting precipitation in Mediterranean holm oak open woodlands. Although trees reduce the light radiance received by the pasture community, the presence of trees generally had a positive effect on pasture production in average climatic years where soil fertility was low. However, the interaction changed with increasing abiotic water stress. In a dry year, the increase in fertility could not be utilized and the effect of the crown was neutral. The effect of shade turned out to be beneﬁcial for growth, contrary to the situation in an average climatic year. Light insolation was positive for legume biomass. There was high variability in functional components over the course of the growing period and from 1 year to another. Under low levels of other biotic stresses such as livestock grazing or root competition, the limiting factor among light, soil moisture or soil nutrients may determine whether facilitation or competition occurs.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smit, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jansen, Patrick</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Establishment limitation of holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) in a Mediterranean savanna — forest ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling establishment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree recruitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?id=doi:10.1051/forest/2009028</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">• Tree recruitment in Mediterranean savannas is generally hampered, in contrast with the original oak forests where these savannas are derived from. We asked whether this diﬀerence in recruitment success can be explained by diﬀerential post-dispersal survival. For one year we monitored experimentally cached holm oak acorns in a savanna – forest ecosystem in Central Spain, and recorded cache pilferage, type of pilferer, boar rooting, seedling emergence, seedling survival and the cause of mortality. • Cache pilferage was signiﬁcantly lower in savanna (8%) than in forest (21%). However, the higher cache survival was more than oﬀset by lower seedling emergence and, particularly, by nine times higher seedling mortality in savanna, mainly due to desiccation. Wild boar rooting did not diﬀer between experimental caches and controls without acorns, indicating that individual cached acorns do not trigger rooting activity. • Our results indicate that the diﬀerence in post-dispersal survival between savanna and forest is due to lower emergence and, primarily, higher seedling mortality in savanna, not to higher cache pilferage. Absence of safe sites such as shrubs, abundantly present in the forest, may well explain the lack of recruitment in the savanna. Management measures appear necessary for long-term persistence of Mediterranean savannas in general.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smit, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jansen, Patrick</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Establishment limitation of holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) in a Mediterranean savanna — forest ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling establishment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree recruitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">511</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">• Tree recruitment in Mediterranean savannas is generally hampered, in contrast with the original oak forests where these savannas are derived from. We asked whether this diﬀerence in recruitment success can be explained by diﬀerential post-dispersal survival. For one year we monitored experimentally cached holm oak acorns in a savanna – forest ecosystem in Central Spain, and recorded cache pilferage, type of pilferer, boar rooting, seedling emergence, seedling survival and the cause of mortality. • Cache pilferage was signiﬁcantly lower in savanna (8%) than in forest (21%). However, the higher cache survival was more than oﬀset by lower seedling emergence and, particularly, by nine times higher seedling mortality in savanna, mainly due to desiccation. Wild boar rooting did not diﬀer between experimental caches and controls without acorns, indicating that individual cached acorns do not trigger rooting activity. • Our results indicate that the diﬀerence in post-dispersal survival between savanna and forest is due to lower emergence and, primarily, higher seedling mortality in savanna, not to higher cache pilferage. Absence of safe sites such as shrubs, abundantly present in the forest, may well explain the lack of recruitment in the savanna. Management measures appear necessary for long-term persistence of Mediterranean savannas in general.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALEJANO MONGE, REYES</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VÁZQUEZ PIQUÉ, JAVIER</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAREVIC VERGARA, FELIPE</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FERNÁNDEZ MARTÍNEZ, MANUEL</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peso individual de la bellota de Quercus ilex ssp. ballota (Desf) Samp. Influencia de factores ecológicos y selvícolas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">V Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">encina</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">podas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">producción de bellota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regeneración</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">selvicultura</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 14</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gran parte de los estudios sobre producción de bellota están basados en la estimación del número de frutos o el peso total de los mismos, dejando a un lado cuestiones tan importantes para la cuantificación de cosechas como el tamaño o el peso individual de la bellota. El tamaño y peso de la bellota son claves desde un punto de vista ecológico, ya que influencian muchos aspectos de las estrategias de regeneración de las especies, incluyendo tasas de supervivencia, dispersión o cantidad de semillas que se pueden producir con una determinada cantidad de energía. Asimismo, puesto que permite cuantificar las cosechas de forma más precisa, el conocimiento de estos parámetros tiene un gran interés económico, especialmente en áreas donde la bellota es clave para la alimentación del cerdo ibérico. En este trabajo se estudia el peso individual de las bellotas de 31 árboles localizados en sendas parcelas de zonas adehesadas de la provincia de Huelva, durante el periodo 2001- 2006 analizando la variabilidad entre orientaciones, pies, años, tratamientos de poda aplicados y parcelas. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en el peso medio de bellota entre árboles, parcelas y años. Asimismo se obtiene que el peso medio de bellota es mayor en la orientación sur. Los tratamientos de poda no influyen significativamente en esta variable. La variación entre años y parcelas debe tratar de explicarse a través de variables climáticas y de presencia de plagas y enfermedades en los árboles de las parcelas. Palabras</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: V Congreso Forestal Español</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALEJANO MONGE, REYES</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VÁZQUEZ PIQUÉ, JAVIER</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAREVIC VERGARA, FELIPE</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FERNÁNDEZ MARTÍNEZ, MANUEL</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peso individual de la bellota de Quercus ilex ssp. ballota (Desf) Samp. Influencia de factores ecológicos y selvícolas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">V Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">encina</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">podas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">producción de bellota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regeneración</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">selvicultura</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-14</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gran parte de los estudios sobre producción de bellota están basados en la estimación del número de frutos o el peso total de los mismos, dejando a un lado cuestiones tan importantes para la cuantificación de cosechas como el tamaño o el peso individual de la bellota. El tamaño y peso de la bellota son claves desde un punto de vista ecológico, ya que influencian muchos aspectos de las estrategias de regeneración de las especies, incluyendo tasas de supervivencia, dispersión o cantidad de semillas que se pueden producir con una determinada cantidad de energía. Asimismo, puesto que permite cuantificar las cosechas de forma más precisa, el conocimiento de estos parámetros tiene un gran interés económico, especialmente en áreas donde la bellota es clave para la alimentación del cerdo ibérico. En este trabajo se estudia el peso individual de las bellotas de 31 árboles localizados en sendas parcelas de zonas adehesadas de la provincia de Huelva, durante el periodo 2001- 2006 analizando la variabilidad entre orientaciones, pies, años, tratamientos de poda aplicados y parcelas. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en el peso medio de bellota entre árboles, parcelas y años. Asimismo se obtiene que el peso medio de bellota es mayor en la orientación sur. Los tratamientos de poda no influyen significativamente en esta variable. La variación entre años y parcelas debe tratar de explicarse a través de variables climáticas y de presencia de plagas y enfermedades en los árboles de las parcelas. Palabras</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOLANO LÓPEZ, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VELASCO POSADA, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Presentación del Plan Español de Dehesas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">V Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multifuncionalidad del monte</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ordenación forestal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-13</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La elaboración del Plan Español de Dehesas se enmarca en la ejecución del Plan Forestal Español (2002). El objetivo del Plan es la identificación, caracterización y diagnóstico de los sistemas adehesados españoles, así como el establecimiento de directrices de actuación que faciliten la coordinación de su gestión entre las distintas administraciones. El enfoque del Plan no es exclusivo sobre la típica dehesa mediterránea, formada por quercíneas esclerófilo-perennifolias, sino que contempla los sistemas adehesados en sentido amplio, incluyendo montes arbolados de frondosas no esclerófilas, montes de sabina albar, pinares adehesados y dehesas arbustivas. Se pretende con ello fomentar la conservación de una gran variedad de ecosistemas forestales agrosilvopastorales, que son objeto de aprovechamiento múltiple por su escasa rentabilidad. La definición cartográfica de las distintas tipologías ha sido elaborada fundamentalmente a partir del Mapa Forestal Español 1:50.000 y del Tercer Inventario Forestal Nacional. Para el desarrollo de los trabajos ha sido fundamental la participación de los servicios forestales de todas las comunidades autónomas, así como de las principales universidades y centros de investigación implicados en el mejor conocimiento de la dehesa. Las propuestas de actuación incluyen medidas selvícolas y de gestión de la ganadería, junto a nuevas líneas de trabajo relacionadas con la agricultura, producción ecológica, y denominaciones geográficas de calidad, siempre al amparo de las nuevas programaciones de desarrollo rural</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOLANO LÓPEZ, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VELASCO POSADA, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Presentación del Plan Español de Dehesas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">V Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multifuncionalidad del monte</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ordenación forestal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 13</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La elaboración del Plan Español de Dehesas se enmarca en la ejecución del Plan Forestal Español (2002). El objetivo del Plan es la identificación, caracterización y diagnóstico de los sistemas adehesados españoles, así como el establecimiento de directrices de actuación que faciliten la coordinación de su gestión entre las distintas administraciones. El enfoque del Plan no es exclusivo sobre la típica dehesa mediterránea, formada por quercíneas esclerófilo-perennifolias, sino que contempla los sistemas adehesados en sentido amplio, incluyendo montes arbolados de frondosas no esclerófilas, montes de sabina albar, pinares adehesados y dehesas arbustivas. Se pretende con ello fomentar la conservación de una gran variedad de ecosistemas forestales agrosilvopastorales, que son objeto de aprovechamiento múltiple por su escasa rentabilidad. La definición cartográfica de las distintas tipologías ha sido elaborada fundamentalmente a partir del Mapa Forestal Español 1:50.000 y del Tercer Inventario Forestal Nacional. Para el desarrollo de los trabajos ha sido fundamental la participación de los servicios forestales de todas las comunidades autónomas, así como de las principales universidades y centros de investigación implicados en el mejor conocimiento de la dehesa. Las propuestas de actuación incluyen medidas selvícolas y de gestión de la ganadería, junto a nuevas líneas de trabajo relacionadas con la agricultura, producción ecológica, y denominaciones geográficas de calidad, siempre al amparo de las nuevas programaciones de desarrollo rural</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: V Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Avila</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANDIVIA MUÑOZ, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VAZQUEZ PIQUE, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FERNÁNDEZ MARTÍNEZ, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MACÍAS FERNÁNDEZ, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variabilidad intraespecífica en el retorno de nutrientes al suelo de hojas de alcornoque (Quercus suber L.): Influencia de la distribución de nutrientes en suelo.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">V Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ciclo geoquímico</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desfronde</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrientes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variabilidad espacial</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-13</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El conocimiento del ciclo biogeoquímico en ecosistemas forestales tiene gran importancia ya que permite realizar una gestión forestal basada en criterios técnicos y científicos. Dentro del ciclo biogeoquímico el desfronde está asociado con la transferencia de energía y nutrientes entre el árbol y el suelo siendo el punto de partida para el reciclado de nutrientes. Del desfronde total, una fracción significativa corresponde a la caída de hojas senescentes por lo que el estudio de esta fracción es importante para conocer el ciclo biogeoquímico total. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar si la distribución de nutrientes en suelo tiene influencia en la cantidad de nutrientes que es retornada al suelo por la fracción de hojas. Se seleccionaron doce árboles al azar en una dehesa del sur de Huelva y su desfronde se recogió mensualmente durante tres años. Las muestras se separaron en distintas fracciones (hojas, ramillos, amentos, frutos y otros) y se analizó la composición mineral en hoja (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S). En una malla de 20x20 m se recogieron muestras de suelo a cuatro profundidades distintas y se analizaron los contenidos de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S además de analizar pH, materia orgánica, conductividad eléctrica, capacidad de intercambio catiónico y textura de cada muestra. Con los datos obtenidos se ha analizado la influencia de la distribución espacial de nutrientes en suelo sobre la variabilidad intraespecífica en el retorno de nutrientes por la fracción de hojas. Se han encontrado diferencias en la evolución mensual del aporte de nutrientes al suelo entre los años de estudios, se ha constatado una variación temporal dependiente de la fenología en el aporte de K al suelo y un efecto antagónico Ca-Mg, el resto de nutrientes no presentan un patrón de distribución espacial significativo.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANDIVIA MUÑOZ, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VAZQUEZ PIQUE, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FERNÁNDEZ MARTÍNEZ, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MACÍAS FERNÁNDEZ, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variabilidad intraespecífica en el retorno de nutrientes al suelo de hojas de alcornoque (Quercus suber L.): Influencia de la distribución de nutrientes en suelo.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">V Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ciclo geoquímico</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desfronde</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrientes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variabilidad espacial</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 13</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El conocimiento del ciclo biogeoquímico en ecosistemas forestales tiene gran importancia ya que permite realizar una gestión forestal basada en criterios técnicos y científicos. Dentro del ciclo biogeoquímico el desfronde está asociado con la transferencia de energía y nutrientes entre el árbol y el suelo siendo el punto de partida para el reciclado de nutrientes. Del desfronde total, una fracción significativa corresponde a la caída de hojas senescentes por lo que el estudio de esta fracción es importante para conocer el ciclo biogeoquímico total. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar si la distribución de nutrientes en suelo tiene influencia en la cantidad de nutrientes que es retornada al suelo por la fracción de hojas. Se seleccionaron doce árboles al azar en una dehesa del sur de Huelva y su desfronde se recogió mensualmente durante tres años. Las muestras se separaron en distintas fracciones (hojas, ramillos, amentos, frutos y otros) y se analizó la composición mineral en hoja (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S). En una malla de 20x20 m se recogieron muestras de suelo a cuatro profundidades distintas y se analizaron los contenidos de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S además de analizar pH, materia orgánica, conductividad eléctrica, capacidad de intercambio catiónico y textura de cada muestra. Con los datos obtenidos se ha analizado la influencia de la distribución espacial de nutrientes en suelo sobre la variabilidad intraespecífica en el retorno de nutrientes por la fracción de hojas. Se han encontrado diferencias en la evolución mensual del aporte de nutrientes al suelo entre los años de estudios, se ha constatado una variación temporal dependiente de la fenología en el aporte de K al suelo y un efecto antagónico Ca-Mg, el resto de nutrientes no presentan un patrón de distribución espacial significativo.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: V Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Avila</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acorn production in Spanish holm oak woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agrosilvopastoral systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fruit production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://revistas.inia.es/index.php/fs/article/viewArticle/976</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339 - 354</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present a review on the state-of-the-art of fruit prodution in Western Iberia woodlands («dehesas»), and particularly in Q. ilex (holm oak) «dehesas». This threatened ecosystem is of very high ecological and economical importance. Quercus sp. fruits (acorns) are essential for wildlife, and for pig fattening in «dehesas». In the first part of this review we briefly describe the phenology of the holm oak and the factors affecting acorn morphology and chemical composition. In the second half we analyze the main known factors reported in the literature that determine acorn production: pruning, stand characteristics, and site (weather and soil). We make several suggestions to improve future research and detect the existing gaps in the undertanding of acorn production. Fruit production is highly variable, both between and within years and individuals. The mean production in «dehesas» (mean density circa 50 trees/ha) is around 250-600 kg/ha (≈100 g/canopy-m2 , CV&gt; 100%). Acorn morphology is also very variable, with mean sound acorn size around 3.5 × 1.6 cm, CV ≈ 10% (3.5 g/acorn, CV &gt; 50%). Silviculture plays an essential role in acorn production. Acorn production per tree seems to be negatively related to density. The effect of pruning is less clear: production seems to be reduced in the first and second years after pruning. After the third year it is not possible to discern from the literature whether there is any response to pruning or not. Weather and soil (site) also impact production and their effects should be explored in future management. The influence of genetics is unknown and should also be addressed. Longer data series are necessary. The dasometric features of the stands need to be characterized, in order to better understand production and compare results from different locations. Much research is still required to understand the functioning of fruiting in these woodlands.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acorn production in Spanish holm oak woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agrosilvopastoral systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fruit production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339-354</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present a review on the state-of-the-art of fruit prodution in Western Iberia woodlands («dehesas»), and particularly in Q. ilex (holm oak) «dehesas». This threatened ecosystem is of very high ecological and economical importance. Quercus sp. fruits (acorns) are essential for wildlife, and for pig fattening in «dehesas». In the first part of this review we briefly describe the phenology of the holm oak and the factors affecting acorn morphology and chemical composition. In the second half we analyze the main known factors reported in the literature that determine acorn production: pruning, stand characteristics, and site (weather and soil). We make several suggestions to improve future research and detect the existing gaps in the undertanding of acorn production. Fruit production is highly variable, both between and within years and individuals. The mean production in «dehesas» (mean density circa 50 trees/ha) is around 250-600 kg/ha (≈100 g/canopy-m2 , CV&gt; 100%). Acorn morphology is also very variable, with mean sound acorn size around 3.5 × 1.6 cm, CV ≈ 10% (3.5 g/acorn, CV &gt; 50%). Silviculture plays an essential role in acorn production. Acorn production per tree seems to be negatively related to density. The effect of pruning is less clear: production seems to be reduced in the first and second years after pruning. After the third year it is not possible to discern from the literature whether there is any response to pruning or not. Weather and soil (site) also impact production and their effects should be explored in future management. The influence of genetics is unknown and should also be addressed. Longer data series are necessary. The dasometric features of the stands need to be characterized, in order to better understand production and compare results from different locations. Much research is still required to understand the functioning of fruiting in these woodlands.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozano Parra, F. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos Barbancho, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DINÁMICA DEL AGUA DEL SUELO EN DEHESA BAJO DIFERENTES CUBIERTAS VEGETALES. RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estudios en la Zona no Saturada del Suelo</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bajo copa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humedad del suelo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastizal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus rotundifolia (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retama sphaerocarpa</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">X</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47 - 52</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa ecosystems, characterized by a disperse tree cover of the genus Quercus, constitute a resource of great importance in large parts of SW Iberian Peninsula. Generally these areas are conditioned by their environmental limits such as shallow soils, seasonal and intraannual rainfall variability, which determine the availability of water for plants. The main objective of the present work is the study of soil water dynamics in dehesas, explaining the effect of different vegetation covers and soil characteristics. Soil moisture is determined in 15 stations, distributed in three farms in Extremadura, each of them composed of sensors located at various depths which register soil moisture continuously with a time resolution of 30 minutes. The stations are distributed in open areas (pasture), below the canopy of the shrub Retama sphaerocarpa and below the canopy of Quercus rotundifolia. First results indicate complex soil water dynamics with contrasting situations at sites with the same vegetation cover, and showing that various situations may be produced in the same station during a hydrological year. Furthermore, the largest variations are observed in the upper soil layer, being soil moisture variations lowest at greater depth, independently of the vegetation cover.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozano Parra, F J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos Barbancho, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DINÁMICA DEL AGUA DEL SUELO EN DEHESA BAJO DIFERENTES CUBIERTAS VEGETALES. RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estudios en la Zona no Saturada del Suelo</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bajo copa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humedad del suelo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastizal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus rotundifolia (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retama sphaerocarpa</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">X</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47-52</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa ecosystems, characterized by a disperse tree cover of the genus Quercus, constitute a resource of great importance in large parts of SW Iberian Peninsula. Generally these areas are conditioned by their environmental limits such as shallow soils, seasonal and intraannual rainfall variability, which determine the availability of water for plants. The main objective of the present work is the study of soil water dynamics in dehesas, explaining the effect of different vegetation covers and soil characteristics. Soil moisture is determined in 15 stations, distributed in three farms in Extremadura, each of them composed of sensors located at various depths which register soil moisture continuously with a time resolution of 30 minutes. The stations are distributed in open areas (pasture), below the canopy of the shrub Retama sphaerocarpa and below the canopy of Quercus rotundifolia. First results indicate complex soil water dynamics with contrasting situations at sites with the same vegetation cover, and showing that various situations may be produced in the same station during a hydrological year. Furthermore, the largest variations are observed in the upper soil layer, being soil moisture variations lowest at greater depth, independently of the vegetation cover.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gálvez Bravo, Lucía</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belliure, Josabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rebollo, Salvador</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European rabbits as ecosystem engineers: warrens increase lizard density and diversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burrows</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oryctolagus cuniculus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stepping stones</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">869-885</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mammals that build extensive open burrow systems are often classiﬁed as ecosystem engineers, since they have the potential to modulate the availability of resources for themselves and other organisms. Lizards may beneﬁt from the heterogeneity created by these structures, especially if coupled with an increased offer of sites for refuge and thermoregulation. However, information about these engineering effects by burrowing animals is scarce. We investigated the inﬂuence of European rabbit burrows on several parameters of a Mediterranean lizard community (abundance, density, diversity and body condition) in three different habitats (open pastures, holm oak and scrub patches). We found that lizards were positively associated with burrows, and that burrows determined lizard presence at otherwise unfavourable habitats. Moreover, community parameters such as density and species richness were higher in sites with burrows. Burrows inﬂuenced lizard species in different ways, and were also relevant for other Mediterranean vertebrates, as revealed by questionnaires to experts. We also explored the possible resources provided by burrows for lizards. Warrens offer relatively abundant prey and appropriate retreat sites for refuge and thermoregulation. Warrens may have further implications within the ecosystem, acting as stepping stones, allowing lizards to reach otherwise inaccessible habitat patches. This study shows that European rabbit warrens have a positive inﬂuence on lizard density and diversity, and conﬁrms the role of rabbits as ecosystem engineers. This reinforces the need for appropriate conservation measures for rabbits, especially given their threatened status in the Iberian Peninsula. Furthermore, our study highlights that taking into account the inﬂuence of engineering activities increases our awareness of species interactions, and may translate into more adequate conservation measures for the preservation of biodiversity.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gálvez Bravo, Lucía</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belliure, Josabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rebollo, Salvador</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European rabbits as ecosystem engineers: warrens increase lizard density and diversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burrows</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oryctolagus cuniculus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stepping stones</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10531-008-9438-9http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-008-9438-9</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">869 - 885</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mammals that build extensive open burrow systems are often classiﬁed as ecosystem engineers, since they have the potential to modulate the availability of resources for themselves and other organisms. Lizards may beneﬁt from the heterogeneity created by these structures, especially if coupled with an increased offer of sites for refuge and thermoregulation. However, information about these engineering effects by burrowing animals is scarce. We investigated the inﬂuence of European rabbit burrows on several parameters of a Mediterranean lizard community (abundance, density, diversity and body condition) in three different habitats (open pastures, holm oak and scrub patches). We found that lizards were positively associated with burrows, and that burrows determined lizard presence at otherwise unfavourable habitats. Moreover, community parameters such as density and species richness were higher in sites with burrows. Burrows inﬂuenced lizard species in different ways, and were also relevant for other Mediterranean vertebrates, as revealed by questionnaires to experts. We also explored the possible resources provided by burrows for lizards. Warrens offer relatively abundant prey and appropriate retreat sites for refuge and thermoregulation. Warrens may have further implications within the ecosystem, acting as stepping stones, allowing lizards to reach otherwise inaccessible habitat patches. This study shows that European rabbit warrens have a positive inﬂuence on lizard density and diversity, and conﬁrms the role of rabbits as ecosystem engineers. This reinforces the need for appropriate conservation measures for rabbits, especially given their threatened status in the Iberian Peninsula. Furthermore, our study highlights that taking into account the inﬂuence of engineering activities increases our awareness of species interactions, and may translate into more adequate conservation measures for the preservation of biodiversity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, Paula</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gross output and livestock sales modelling in Spanish extensive farms using PLSR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107th EAAE Seminar &quot;Modelling of Agricultural and Rural Development Policies&quot;. Sevilla, Spain, January 29 th -February 1st, 2008</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gross output</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Livestock farming systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">partial least square regression</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this paper is to model some production variables in extensive livestock farms located in the dehesa ecosystem. We intend to use not only purely economic variables in the construction of the model, but also structural variables in order to identify the characteristics of the farms that have the higher influence. Another objective is to be able to predict these variables at the farm level, using structural variables that are easy to measure. The data used in this work were obtained from a questionnaire survey to the holders/managers of a sample of 69 dehesa farms in Extremadura (SW Spain). The statistical methodology used for the construction of the model was Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR). It can be concluded that the variables relative to farm intensification, to labour and especially to Iberian pig breeding, are those that take part mainly in the model.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, Paula</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gross output and livestock sales modelling in Spanish extensive farms using PLSR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107th EAAE Seminar &quot;Modelling of Agricultural and Rural Development Policies&quot;. Sevilla, Spain, January 29 th -February 1st, 2008</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gross output</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Livestock farming systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">partial least square regression</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/6463/2/pp08ga20.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this paper is to model some production variables in extensive livestock farms located in the dehesa ecosystem. We intend to use not only purely economic variables in the construction of the model, but also structural variables in order to identify the characteristics of the farms that have the higher influence. Another objective is to be able to predict these variables at the farm level, using structural variables that are easy to measure. The data used in this work were obtained from a questionnaire survey to the holders/managers of a sample of 69 dehesa farms in Extremadura (SW Spain). The statistical methodology used for the construction of the model was Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR). It can be concluded that the variables relative to farm intensification, to labour and especially to Iberian pig breeding, are those that take part mainly in the model.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: 107th EAAE Seminar &quot;Modelling of Agricultural and Rural Development Policies&quot;. Sevilla, Spain, January 29 th -February 1st, 2008</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balbontín, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Negro, Juan José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarasola, José Hernán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrero, Juan José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rivera, Domingo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use changes may explain the recent range expansion of the Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus in southern Europe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">colonization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat selection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">occurrence models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">raptors.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00845.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">150</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">707 - 716</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Occasional observations of Black-shouldered Kites Elanus caeruleus in Europe date back to the mid-19th century, but it was only recorded as a breeding species in the early 1960s in Portugal and a few years later in neighbouring Spain. This recent colonization, possibly from Africa where the species is abundant, may be due to climate change, land-use changes in southern Europe, or both. As a ﬁrst step to understanding this range expansion process we have developed a habitat selection model using data from the current strongholds of its European distribution. Comparing the proportion of different habitat types around 46 breeding sites and 45 randomly chosen plots, we have found that the area of cultivated parklands known as dehesas in Spain is a strong predictor of the current distribution range of breeding pairs of Black-shouldered Kites. Speciﬁcally, the percentage of dehesas with planted cereal and a low density of trees (i.e. &lt; 7 trees/ha and thus a savannah-like habitat) within the study plots explained 44.6% of the residual deviance in our model. The minimal adequate model classiﬁed 81.3% of breeding sites and random plots correctly. Our results suggest that Black-shouldered Kites may have taken advantage of the gradual increase of cultivated dehesas in the second half of the 20th century to expand its range in Europe. This particular type of dehesa is structurally similar to the African savannahs where the species thrives and may offer a higher density of rodents than traditional dehesas, which primarily contain pastureland for livestock ranching</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balbontín, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Negro, Juan José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarasola, José Hernán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrero, Juan José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rivera, Domingo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use changes may explain the recent range expansion of the Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus in southern Europe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">colonization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat selection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">occurrence models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">raptors.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">150</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">707-716</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Occasional observations of Black-shouldered Kites Elanus caeruleus in Europe date back to the mid-19th century, but it was only recorded as a breeding species in the early 1960s in Portugal and a few years later in neighbouring Spain. This recent colonization, possibly from Africa where the species is abundant, may be due to climate change, land-use changes in southern Europe, or both. As a ﬁrst step to understanding this range expansion process we have developed a habitat selection model using data from the current strongholds of its European distribution. Comparing the proportion of different habitat types around 46 breeding sites and 45 randomly chosen plots, we have found that the area of cultivated parklands known as dehesas in Spain is a strong predictor of the current distribution range of breeding pairs of Black-shouldered Kites. Speciﬁcally, the percentage of dehesas with planted cereal and a low density of trees (i.e. &lt; 7 trees/ha and thus a savannah-like habitat) within the study plots explained 44.6% of the residual deviance in our model. The minimal adequate model classiﬁed 81.3% of breeding sites and random plots correctly. Our results suggest that Black-shouldered Kites may have taken advantage of the gradual increase of cultivated dehesas in the second half of the 20th century to expand its range in Europe. This particular type of dehesa is structurally similar to the African savannahs where the species thrives and may offer a higher density of rodents than traditional dehesas, which primarily contain pastureland for livestock ranching</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, María Jesús</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Gerardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bertomeu, Manuel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Light distribution in scattered-trees open woodlands in Western Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">allometric relationships</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fish-eye photograph</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light transmittance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radiation map</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10457-008-9143-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">233 - 244</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1045700891434</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We have studied the percentage of radiation transmitted through the tree canopy to the underlying pasture and crops in dehesas of Southwest Spain by means of ﬁsh-eye photographs taken at different distances from the tree. Thirty-six trees were studied covering all the diametric classes (0.1–14 m canopy width) of two stands, with mean density of 19 mature trees ha -1 . Intercepted light decreased with distance following an logistic curve, indicating a rapid increase in the light availability with distance from the tree. For mature trees, radiation was constant beyond 20 m. Applying a multivariable regression light equation, distance, stem diameter and canopy width explained more than 88% of the light variability for each orientation studied. A simple model was built up from light equations, tree growth curves and allometric relationships. From this model, we have estimated that radiation available for crops and pasture decreased up to 21% due to the presence of trees in a standard dehesa with 24 mature trees ha -1 and 13% of canopy cover. In addition, we have generated different radiation maps of virtual dehesas differing in tree age, density and arrangement, which could be useful to determine optimal tree planting schemes and consequent pruning and thinning regimes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, María Jesús</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Gerardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bertomeu, Manuel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Light distribution in scattered-trees open woodlands in Western Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">allometric relationships</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fish-eye photograph</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light transmittance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radiation map</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">233-244</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1045700891434</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We have studied the percentage of radiation transmitted through the tree canopy to the underlying pasture and crops in dehesas of Southwest Spain by means of ﬁsh-eye photographs taken at different distances from the tree. Thirty-six trees were studied covering all the diametric classes (0.1–14 m canopy width) of two stands, with mean density of 19 mature trees ha -1 . Intercepted light decreased with distance following an logistic curve, indicating a rapid increase in the light availability with distance from the tree. For mature trees, radiation was constant beyond 20 m. Applying a multivariable regression light equation, distance, stem diameter and canopy width explained more than 88% of the light variability for each orientation studied. A simple model was built up from light equations, tree growth curves and allometric relationships. From this model, we have estimated that radiation available for crops and pasture decreased up to 21% due to the presence of trees in a standard dehesa with 24 mature trees ha -1 and 13% of canopy cover. In addition, we have generated different radiation maps of virtual dehesas differing in tree age, density and arrangement, which could be useful to determine optimal tree planting schemes and consequent pruning and thinning regimes.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramírez, José Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of temporal shrub encroachment for the maintenance of Spanish holm oak Quercus ilex dehesas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rotational set-aside</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub cover</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1976-1983</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesas are man-made systems composed by evergreen oaks (Quercus ilex and Quercus suber) scattered over a grassland understorey. They cover about 3.1 million ha in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula and are to be preserved under the EU Habitats Directive due to the high levels of plant and animal diversity they maintain. The main current threat to long-term dehesa farming is a chronic absence of natural tree regeneration.We test whether dehesa abandonment would promote natural regeneration, how size structure of tree populations change after abandonment, and whether shrub encroachment would enhance seedling recruitment by measuring the size structure of mature tree populations, shrub cover and seedling density in 17 dehesa farms of known date of abandonment. Size structures were approximately bell-shaped in farms abandoned less than 16 years ago, progressively approaching afterwards the inverse J-shaped distribution typical from holm oak forests. Proportions of young mature trees changed with age of abandonment according to a logistic growth function. Proportions typical from forests (70–80%) were reached 30 years after abandonment, whereas balanced numbers of young and old trees were reached 20–25 years after abandonment. Short-term seedling recruitment was not related to age of abandonment or to covers of most dominant shrubs and was positively related to cover of mature trees and of Cytisus multiflorus, a nurse shrub for holm oak seedlings. Synthesis and applications: Conservation of dehesas and their associated biodiversity values should be based on financing temporal abandonment of productive dehesa farming for 20 years, keeping land in good agricultural condition by re-opening the encroached plots after tree recruitment (i.e. rotational set-aside). The proposed measure has the additional advantages of easy monitoring and straightforward evaluation of its effectiveness.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramírez, José Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of temporal shrub encroachment for the maintenance of Spanish holm oak Quercus ilex dehesas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rotational set-aside</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub cover</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112707009590</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1976 - 1983</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesas are man-made systems composed by evergreen oaks (Quercus ilex and Quercus suber) scattered over a grassland understorey. They cover about 3.1 million ha in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula and are to be preserved under the EU Habitats Directive due to the high levels of plant and animal diversity they maintain. The main current threat to long-term dehesa farming is a chronic absence of natural tree regeneration.We test whether dehesa abandonment would promote natural regeneration, how size structure of tree populations change after abandonment, and whether shrub encroachment would enhance seedling recruitment by measuring the size structure of mature tree populations, shrub cover and seedling density in 17 dehesa farms of known date of abandonment. Size structures were approximately bell-shaped in farms abandoned less than 16 years ago, progressively approaching afterwards the inverse J-shaped distribution typical from holm oak forests. Proportions of young mature trees changed with age of abandonment according to a logistic growth function. Proportions typical from forests (70–80%) were reached 30 years after abandonment, whereas balanced numbers of young and old trees were reached 20–25 years after abandonment. Short-term seedling recruitment was not related to age of abandonment or to covers of most dominant shrubs and was positively related to cover of mature trees and of Cytisus multiflorus, a nurse shrub for holm oak seedlings. Synthesis and applications: Conservation of dehesas and their associated biodiversity values should be based on financing temporal abandonment of productive dehesa farming for 20 years, keeping land in good agricultural condition by re-opening the encroached plots after tree recruitment (i.e. rotational set-aside). The proposed measure has the additional advantages of easy monitoring and straightforward evaluation of its effectiveness.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escribano, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesías, F J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ledesma, a. Rodriguez De</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep farms in the Spanish rangelands (dehesas): Typologies according to livestock management and economic indicators</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small Ruminant Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farm typology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technical and economic management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52-63</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forty-six dehesa sheep farms of Extremadura (SW Spain) were analyzed on the basis of previously determined technical and economic indicators. A principal component analysis gave ﬁve principal components – related to intensiﬁcation, proﬁtability, and livestock mix – that characterized the farms. Using multivariate techniques based on these factors, a farm typology was established with six categories—three of sheep alone at different levels of intensiﬁcation, and three of sheep in combination with beef cattle or Iberian pig. This typology enabled homogeneous groups of farms to be considered for possible administrative actions relating to their optimal dimensions and stocking rates</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escribano, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesías, F. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ledesma, a Rodriguez De</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep farms in the Spanish rangelands (dehesas): Typologies according to livestock management and economic indicators</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small Ruminant Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farm typology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technical and economic management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921448807000971</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52 - 63</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forty-six dehesa sheep farms of Extremadura (SW Spain) were analyzed on the basis of previously determined technical and economic indicators. A principal component analysis gave ﬁve principal components – related to intensiﬁcation, proﬁtability, and livestock mix – that characterized the farms. Using multivariate techniques based on these factors, a farm typology was established with six categories—three of sheep alone at different levels of intensiﬁcation, and three of sheep in combination with beef cattle or Iberian pig. This typology enabled homogeneous groups of farms to be considered for possible administrative actions relating to their optimal dimensions and stocking rates</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clément, Vincent</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spanish Wood Pasture: Origin and Durability of an Historical Wooded Landscape in Mediterranean Europe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment and History</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spanish Reconquest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transhumance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woodland landscape</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&amp;issn=0967-3407&amp;volume=14&amp;issue=1&amp;spage=67</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67 - 87</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">096734008X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spanish dehesas, the most extensive wood pastures in Mediterranean Europe, are a vivid example for demonstrating that the impact of rural communities on forests has not always been a bad thing. Environmental history is vital for understanding this cultural landscape. This article first analyses the origin of the dehesa. The border logic and the medieval Reconquest are elements that undoubtedly played a decisive part in its genesis; but, for the significance of Roman influence in Spain, it is necessary to consider the question of the possible existence of dehesas in Antiquity. The second aspect concerns the spreading of this landscape from the Middle Ages onwards. Dehesas are usually linked to the large properties owned by military orders, but most of all the spreading of the dehesa was favoured by the rise of transhumance from the thirteenth century onwards. Finally, the article emphasises that the durability of the Spanish wood pasture can be explained by a combination of several factors: insecurity along the border, the fact that transhumance was the most important industry in Spain for many centuries, and the protective laws adopted by the rural communities in order to protect their dehesas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clément, Vincent</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spanish Wood Pasture: Origin and Durability of an Historical Wooded Landscape in Mediterranean Europe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment and History</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spanish Reconquest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transhumance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woodland landscape</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67-87</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">096734008X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spanish dehesas, the most extensive wood pastures in Mediterranean Europe, are a vivid example for demonstrating that the impact of rural communities on forests has not always been a bad thing. Environmental history is vital for understanding this cultural landscape. This article first analyses the origin of the dehesa. The border logic and the medieval Reconquest are elements that undoubtedly played a decisive part in its genesis; but, for the significance of Roman influence in Spain, it is necessary to consider the question of the possible existence of dehesas in Antiquity. The second aspect concerns the spreading of this landscape from the Middle Ages onwards. Dehesas are usually linked to the large properties owned by military orders, but most of all the spreading of the dehesa was favoured by the rise of transhumance from the thirteenth century onwards. Finally, the article emphasises that the durability of the Spanish wood pasture can be explained by a combination of several factors: insecurity along the border, the fact that transhumance was the most important industry in Spain for many centuries, and the protective laws adopted by the rural communities in order to protect their dehesas.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ovando, Paola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos, Pablo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, Gregorio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forestaciones con encina y alcornoque en el área de la dehesa en el marco del</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Revista Española de estudios agrosociales y pesqueros</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alcornoque (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cambio de uso</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">encina</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forestación de tierras agrarias</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">214</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">173-186</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La Unión Europea adopta en el año 1992 una serie de medidas de acompañamiento a la reforma de la política agraria común. La política de abandono de tierras agrícolas dedicadas a cultivos excedentarios fue incentivada mediante ayudas a su forestación, reguladas por el Reglamento 2080/1992. Esta intervención pública ha tenido en el área de la dehesa española una influencia favorable a la expansión de sus dos especies forestales más emblemáticas: la encina (Quercus ilex) y el alcornoque (Quercus suber ). La superficie forestada con encina y alcornoque entre 1993 y 2000 supera las 281.000 hectáreas en las comunidades autónomas de Andalucía, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y León, Extremadura y Madrid, que concentran alrededor del 95 por ciento de la superficie forestada con ambas especies en España. Este estudio tiene como objetivo ofrecer un análisis descriptivo de los efectos de las forestaciones con encina y alcornoque en los cambios de usos del suelo, así como la influencia que ha tenido la distribución del gasto público en las Comunidades Autónomas del área de la dehesa, en aplicación del Reglamento (CE) 2080/1992.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ovando, Paola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos, Pablo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, Gregorio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forestaciones con encina y alcornoque en el área de la dehesa en el marco del</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Revista Española de estudios agrosociales y pesqueros</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alcornoque (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cambio de uso</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">encina</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forestación de tierras agrarias</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">214</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">173 - 186</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La Unión Europea adopta en el año 1992 una serie de medidas de acompañamiento a la reforma de la política agraria común. La política de abandono de tierras agrícolas dedicadas a cultivos excedentarios fue incentivada mediante ayudas a su forestación, reguladas por el Reglamento 2080/1992. Esta intervención pública ha tenido en el área de la dehesa española una influencia favorable a la expansión de sus dos especies forestales más emblemáticas: la encina (Quercus ilex) y el alcornoque (Quercus suber ). La superficie forestada con encina y alcornoque entre 1993 y 2000 supera las 281.000 hectáreas en las comunidades autónomas de Andalucía, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y León, Extremadura y Madrid, que concentran alrededor del 95 por ciento de la superficie forestada con ambas especies en España. Este estudio tiene como objetivo ofrecer un análisis descriptivo de los efectos de las forestaciones con encina y alcornoque en los cambios de usos del suelo, así como la influencia que ha tenido la distribución del gasto público en las Comunidades Autónomas del área de la dehesa, en aplicación del Reglamento (CE) 2080/1992.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avilés, Jesus M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bednekoff, Peter a.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How do vigilance and feeding by common cranes Grus grus depend on age, habitat, and flock size?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Avian Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cranes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feeding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flock size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">holm oak canopy (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vigilance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">690-697</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals often spend less time vigilant and more time feeding when foraging in larger groups. This group-size effect does not, however, consider if larger groups differ systematically from smaller ones: Large groups could form in different habitats than small groups or be composed of a different mix of ages or classes than small groups. We examined how habitat differences and flock size and composition explain feeding and vigilance rates in common cranes Grus grus, wintering in holm oak Quercus ilex dehesas of Spain. Flock size and composition were related to habitat type in cranes: flocks formed in areas sown with cereal crops were larger than flocks formed in set aside areas. Vigilance rate depended on habitat but decreased with increasing flock size in a similar way across all habitats. Juveniles were less vigilant than adults and showed little change in vigilance with flock size. Vigilance increased and feeding time decreased over months from November through February. Our results show that vigilance is affected by habitat but that the group size effect on vigilance is not the product of differences between habitats in group size or composition.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avilés, Jesus M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bednekoff, Peter a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How do vigilance and feeding by common cranes Grus grus depend on age, habitat, and flock size?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Avian Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cranes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feeding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flock size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">holm oak canopy (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vigilance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.04002.xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.04002.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">690 - 697</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals often spend less time vigilant and more time feeding when foraging in larger groups. This group-size effect does not, however, consider if larger groups differ systematically from smaller ones: Large groups could form in different habitats than small groups or be composed of a different mix of ages or classes than small groups. We examined how habitat differences and flock size and composition explain feeding and vigilance rates in common cranes Grus grus, wintering in holm oak Quercus ilex dehesas of Spain. Flock size and composition were related to habitat type in cranes: flocks formed in areas sown with cereal crops were larger than flocks formed in set aside areas. Vigilance rate depended on habitat but decreased with increasing flock size in a similar way across all habitats. Juveniles were less vigilant than adults and showed little change in vigilance with flock size. Vigilance increased and feeding time decreased over months from November through February. Our results show that vigilance is affected by habitat but that the group size effect on vigilance is not the product of differences between habitats in group size or composition.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lavado Contador, J F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maneta, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prediction of near-surface soil moisture at large scale by digital terrain modeling and neural networks.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental monitoring and assessment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forecasting soil moisture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humidity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neural Networks (Computer)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sampling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">topographic variables</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">121</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213-232</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The capability of Artificial Neural Network models to forecast near-surface soil moisture at fine spatial scale resolution has been tested for a 99.5 ha watershed located in SW Spain using several easy to achieve digital models of topographic and land cover variables as inputs and a series of soil moisture measurements as training data set. The study methods were designed in order to determining the potentials of the neural network model as a tool to gain insight into soil moisture distribution factors and also in order to optimize the data sampling scheme finding the optimum size of the training data set. Results suggest the efficiency of the methods in forecasting soil moisture, as a tool to assess the optimum number of field samples, and the importance of the variables selected in explaining the final map obtained.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16752041</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eichhorn, M P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paris, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herzog, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incoll, L D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liagre, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mantzanas, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mayus, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAPANASTASIS, V P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pilbeam, D J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pisanelli, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dupraz, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvoarable Systems in Europe – Past, Present and Future Prospects</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hauberg</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intercropping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">orchards</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-vergers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Streuobst</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-50</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mixed systems of agriculture incorporating combinations of trees and crops have formed key elements of the landscape of Europe throughout historical times, and many such systems continue to function in the present day. In many cases they represent formerly widespread traditional systems in decline and a number have already become extinct or exist only in a threatened state. The causes are both practical and economic. The agricultural subsidy regime within the European Union is presently unfavourable towards silvoarable practices, which has been a major factor in their recent decline. The silvoarable systems of Europe can be split into two classes according to location – northern Europe and the Mediterranean. The latter contains not only a greater area of silvoarable cultivation, but also a greater diversity of systems due to the broader range of commercial tree and crop species grown. In general, the systems of northern Europe are limited by light, whilst those of the Mediterranean are limited by the availability of water. Mixed systems of agriculture present an opportunity for future European rural development and have the potential to contribute towards the increased sustainability of agriculture and enhancement of biodiversity, whilst preserving landscapes that are both culturally important and aesthetically pleasing. A better understanding of the legacy of traditional silvoarable systems, combined with the formulation of a consistent deﬁnition and speciﬁc European policy towards them will be invaluable in ensuring that the beneﬁts of mixed agriculture are fully exploited in the future.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eichhorn, M. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paris, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herzog, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incoll, L. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liagre, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mantzanas, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mayus, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAPANASTASIS, V. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pilbeam, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pisanelli, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dupraz, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvoarable Systems in Europe – Past, Present and Future Prospects</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hauberg</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intercropping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">orchards</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-vergers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Streuobst</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10457-005-1111-7</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29 - 50</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mixed systems of agriculture incorporating combinations of trees and crops have formed key elements of the landscape of Europe throughout historical times, and many such systems continue to function in the present day. In many cases they represent formerly widespread traditional systems in decline and a number have already become extinct or exist only in a threatened state. The causes are both practical and economic. The agricultural subsidy regime within the European Union is presently unfavourable towards silvoarable practices, which has been a major factor in their recent decline. The silvoarable systems of Europe can be split into two classes according to location – northern Europe and the Mediterranean. The latter contains not only a greater area of silvoarable cultivation, but also a greater diversity of systems due to the broader range of commercial tree and crop species grown. In general, the systems of northern Europe are limited by light, whilst those of the Mediterranean are limited by the availability of water. Mixed systems of agriculture present an opportunity for future European rural development and have the potential to contribute towards the increased sustainability of agriculture and enhancement of biodiversity, whilst preserving landscapes that are both culturally important and aesthetically pleasing. A better understanding of the legacy of traditional silvoarable systems, combined with the formulation of a consistent deﬁnition and speciﬁc European policy towards them will be invaluable in ensuring that the beneﬁts of mixed agriculture are fully exploited in the future.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obrador, J J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, G</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mosquera-Losada, M R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McAdam, J</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil nutrient status and forage yield at varying distances from trees in four dehesas in Extremadura, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvopastoralism and Sustainable Land Management: Proceedings of an International Congress on Silvopastoralism and Sustainable Management Held in Lugo Spain, in April 2004</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forage yield</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil nutrient heterogeneity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CABI</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to understand the effect of holm-oak (Quercus ilex) on the soilnutrient concentration and its consequence on the yield of understory forage (Avena sativa) in four dehesas of CW-Spain. The soils of the dehesas varied in soil fertility (chromic Luvisols and Achrisols, and eutric Leptosols). Forage dry-matter yields were determined from 1-m2 sample plots at distances ranging from 2 to 20 m from the tree (9 trees per farm and year). Soil samples (0-30 cm depth) were also collected from the same sampling locations, and were analysed for pH, Electrical Conductivity, organic C, CEC, total-N, available N and base cations. Soil analysis results showed that the most of the values increased in the vicinity of the tree: organic C, total-N, CEC and exchangeable Ca2+ and K+. Differences in forage yield were mainly explained by fertilization dosage, light availability (estimated from Montero and Moreno, 2004) and soil CEC. In more fertile soils, forage production was negatively effected by the presence of the trees, as a consequence of light reduction (Competence), while in more oligotrophic soils, forage production was positively affetced by trees (Facilitation).</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obrador, J. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, G.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mosquera-Losada, M. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McAdam, J.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil nutrient status and forage yield at varying distances from trees in four dehesas in Extremadura, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvopastoralism and Sustainable Land Management: Proceedings of an International Congress on Silvopastoralism and Sustainable Management Held in Lugo Spain, in April 2004</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forage yield</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil nutrient heterogeneity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=RGkdPxcL_2sC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA278&amp;dq=Soil+nutrient+status+and+forage+yield+at+varying+distances+from+trees+in+four+dehesas+in+Extremadura,+Spain&amp;ots=_djjVkanob&amp;sig=ddZE3no8Br5lnVZT8VV0SsVhWeU</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CABI</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to understand the effect of holm-oak (Quercus ilex) on the soilnutrient concentration and its consequence on the yield of understory forage (Avena sativa) in four dehesas of CW-Spain. The soils of the dehesas varied in soil fertility (chromic Luvisols and Achrisols, and eutric Leptosols). Forage dry-matter yields were determined from 1-m2 sample plots at distances ranging from 2 to 20 m from the tree (9 trees per farm and year). Soil samples (0-30 cm depth) were also collected from the same sampling locations, and were analysed for pH, Electrical Conductivity, organic C, CEC, total-N, available N and base cations. Soil analysis results showed that the most of the values increased in the vicinity of the tree: organic C, total-N, CEC and exchangeable Ca2+ and K+. Differences in forage yield were mainly explained by fertilization dosage, light availability (estimated from Montero and Moreno, 2004) and soil CEC. In more fertile soils, forage production was negatively effected by the presence of the trees, as a consequence of light reduction (Competence), while in more oligotrophic soils, forage production was positively affetced by trees (Facilitation).</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Silvopastoralism and Sustainable Land Management: Proceedings of an International Congress on Silvopastoralism and Sustainable Management Held in Lugo Spain, in April 2004</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea Izquierdo, Guillermo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, Isabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calama, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez Martín, Manuel Mario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, Gregorio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFLUENCIA DE LA ENCINA SOBRE LA PRODUCCIÓN Y LA COMPOSICIÓN DEL PASTO: CONSECUENCIAS SOBRE EL MANEJO SILVOPASTORAL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IV Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comunidad de anuales</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modelos selvicultura</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaragoza</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El ecosistema de dehesa se extiende por más de 3x106 ha del O y SO peninsulares. Pese a su gran importancia económica y ecológica, su persistencia a corto plazo se encuentra amenazada, fundamentalmente por la falta de regeneración del arbolado y los cambios socioeconómicos. Por ello, resulta urgente desarrollar modelos de selvicultura que aseguren un desarrollo sostenible. El árbol es la base del sistema, influyendo, entre otros, sobre la producción animal, el suelo y la biodiversidad. Cualquier modelo selvícola a desarrollar deberá incluir los diversos factores del sistema, los cuales resultan diferentes a los de los ecosistemas forestales clásicos fundamentados en la producción de madera. En este estudio se realiza una aproximación a la influencia del arbolado adulto aislado sobre una comunidad herbácea de especies anuales. Para ello se ha estudiado en un año lluvioso la producción y composición del pasto en ocho distancias proporcionales al radio de copa según orientaciones NE y SO. La influencia del arbolado se deja sentir hasta el doble del radio de copa y de un modo diferencial según orientaciones, siendo más productivo el pasto situado al SO. La producción se incrementa significativamente bajo la copa en ambas orientaciones, aumentándose la proporción de gramíneas respecto del exterior</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea Izquierdo, Guillermo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, Isabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calama, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez Martín, Manuel Mario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, Gregorio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFLUENCIA DE LA ENCINA SOBRE LA PRODUCCIÓN Y LA COMPOSICIÓN DEL PASTO: CONSECUENCIAS SOBRE EL MANEJO SILVOPASTORAL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IV Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comunidad de anuales</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modelos selvicultura</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El ecosistema de dehesa se extiende por más de 3x106 ha del O y SO peninsulares. Pese a su gran importancia económica y ecológica, su persistencia a corto plazo se encuentra amenazada, fundamentalmente por la falta de regeneración del arbolado y los cambios socioeconómicos. Por ello, resulta urgente desarrollar modelos de selvicultura que aseguren un desarrollo sostenible. El árbol es la base del sistema, influyendo, entre otros, sobre la producción animal, el suelo y la biodiversidad. Cualquier modelo selvícola a desarrollar deberá incluir los diversos factores del sistema, los cuales resultan diferentes a los de los ecosistemas forestales clásicos fundamentados en la producción de madera. En este estudio se realiza una aproximación a la influencia del arbolado adulto aislado sobre una comunidad herbácea de especies anuales. Para ello se ha estudiado en un año lluvioso la producción y composición del pasto en ocho distancias proporcionales al radio de copa según orientaciones NE y SO. La influencia del arbolado se deja sentir hasta el doble del radio de copa y de un modo diferencial según orientaciones, siendo más productivo el pasto situado al SO. La producción se incrementa significativamente bajo la copa en ambas orientaciones, aumentándose la proporción de gramíneas respecto del exterior</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: IV Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Zaragoza</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acosta Naranjo, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medio ambiente, grupos sociales y conocimiento local en la dehesa. Un caso de estudio en la Sierra Morena extremeña</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Revista Española de Estudios Agrosociales y pesqueros</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental enthropology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">local knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">traditional agroecosistems degradation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://personal.us.es/racosta/Articulos/Medio_ambiente_grupos_sociales_conocimiento_local.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">206</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86 - 93</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The changes in rhe economic strategies, management models and productive uses in the dehesa haie caused very differenr effects regarding the state of the ñatu¡al ¡esources, The limits to the norm of intensification and use of technology in an agricultural ecosystem with slrong socio-econornic and natural restrictions have had as a consequence the end of a series of tasks that can have degrading effects on the natu¡al resources and a possible chan- ge to more mature states $'ithin rhe ecosystem. This fact takes into account the nature buil- ding proc€ss, of &quot;naturalization. in marginal zones, that can be found in contemporary sociéties. On the other hand, those same f¿cts can be interpreted as a degr¿dation of the productive resources. However, the social actors do not perceive as enüronmental problems the rnajority ofphenomena defined as such by üe specialists. The spatjal sPecializalion pro' cesses ánd territorial uneven development can also be observed in üe dehesa. Finall¡ one of the main consequences of the changing process has been the strong dete¡ioration of local knowledge.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acosta Naranjo, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medio ambiente, grupos sociales y conocimiento local en la dehesa. Un caso de estudio en la Sierra Morena extremeña</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Revista Española de Estudios Agrosociales y pesqueros</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental enthropology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">local knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">traditional agroecosistems degradation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">206</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86-93</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The changes in rhe economic strategies, management models and productive uses in the dehesa haie caused very differenr effects regarding the state of the ñatu¡al ¡esources, The limits to the norm of intensification and use of technology in an agricultural ecosystem with slrong socio-econornic and natural restrictions have had as a consequence the end of a series of tasks that can have degrading effects on the natu¡al resources and a possible chan- ge to more mature states $'ithin rhe ecosystem. This fact takes into account the nature buil- ding proc€ss, of &quot;naturalization. in marginal zones, that can be found in contemporary sociéties. On the other hand, those same f¿cts can be interpreted as a degr¿dation of the productive resources. However, the social actors do not perceive as enüronmental problems the rnajority ofphenomena defined as such by üe specialists. The spatjal sPecializalion pro' cesses ánd territorial uneven development can also be observed in üe dehesa. Finall¡ one of the main consequences of the changing process has been the strong dete¡ioration of local knowledge.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-Díaz, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REFLEXIONES EN TORNO A LA SOSTENlBlLlDAD DE LA DEHESA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographicalia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land-use systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s~istainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101-120</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In tlie last century roorii tlie Spanisli deliesa llave wakened up a scien- tific interest tliat he only finds paragon and justification in tlie growing concern of tlie public opinion Sor the conservation and restoration of the environnient. In little time, tlie nieadow has passed of being tlie paradigrn of tlie .'latifun- disruo&quot; in its inost pejorative conception, to hecorne an unquestionahle moclel of sustainable developinent. Witliout denying this new conception a priori; tliis article tries to offer the keys Sor a reflection on tlie last sostenibilidad, present ancl f~ic~ire of the rneadow. And he seeks to make it fi-0111 a geograpliical, inte- grative perspective, far froin íleeting fasliions ancl stereotyped opinions</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-Díaz, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REFLEXIONES EN TORNO A LA SOSTENlBlLlDAD DE LA DEHESA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographicalia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land-use systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s~istainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101 - 120</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In tlie last century roorii tlie Spanisli deliesa llave wakened up a scien- tific interest tliat he only finds paragon and justification in tlie growing concern of tlie public opinion Sor the conservation and restoration of the environnient. In little time, tlie nieadow has passed of being tlie paradigrn of tlie .'latifun- disruo&quot; in its inost pejorative conception, to hecorne an unquestionahle moclel of sustainable developinent. Witliout denying this new conception a priori; tliis article tries to offer the keys Sor a reflection on tlie last sostenibilidad, present ancl f~ic~ire of the rneadow. And he seeks to make it fi-0111 a geograpliical, inte- grative perspective, far froin íleeting fasliions ancl stereotyped opinions</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gimeno, B S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bermejo, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanz, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de la Torre, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of the effects of ozone exposure and plant competition on the reproductive ability of three therophytic clover species from Iberian pastures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flower biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed production</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2295-2303</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone (O3 ) phytototoxicity has been reported on a wide range of crops and wild Central European plant species, however no information has been provided regarding the sensitivity of plant species from dehesa Mediterranean therophytic grasslands in spite of their great plant species richness and the high O3 levels that are recorded in this area. A study was carried out in open-top chambers (OTCs) to assess the effects of O3 and competition on the reproductive ability of three clover species: Trifolium cherleri, Trifolium subterraneum and Trifolium striatum. A phytometer approach was followed, therefore plants of these species were grown in mesoscosms composed of monocultures of four plants of each species, of three plants of each species competing against a Briza maxima individual or of a single plant of each clover species competing with three B. maxima plants. Three O3 treatments were adopted: charcoal ﬁltered air (CFA), non-ﬁltered air (NFA) and non-ﬁltered air supplemented with 40 nl l 1 of O3 (NFA+). The different mesocosms were exposed to the different O3 treatments for 45 days and then they remained in the open. Ozone exposure caused reductions in the ﬂower biomass of the three clover species assessed. In the case of T. cherleri and T. subterraneum this effect was found following their exposure to the different O3 treatments during their vegetative period. An attenuation of these effects was found when the plants remained in the open. Ozone-induced detrimental effects on the seed output of T. striatum were also observed. The ﬂower biomass of the clover plants grown in monocultures was greater than when competing with one or three B. maxima individuals. An increased ﬂower biomass was found in the CFA monoculture mesocosms of T. cherleri when compared with the remaining mesocosms, once the plants were exposed in the open for 60 days. The implications of these effects on the performance of dehesa acid grasslands and for the definition of O3 critical levels is discussed</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porras Tejeiro, C J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brun Esquiliche, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Copete Gutiérrez, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez Méndez, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPERIENCIA DE REGENERACIÓN DE ENCINAR EN LA SIERRA DE HUELVA Studies on holm oak regeneration in North Sevilla mountains</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuad. Soc. Esp. Cien. For Actas de la III Reunión sobre Repoblaciones Forestales</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implantación</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implantation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastoreo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">protección</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217-221</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We have described an oak regeneration research without prohibit the grazing. Three implantation types and seven protections types have been tested. Several parameters have been measured to the seven, fifteen and twenty three months since the seeding or planting</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porras Tejeiro, C. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brun Esquiliche, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Copete Gutiérrez, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez Méndez, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPERIENCIA DE REGENERACIÓN DE ENCINAR EN LA SIERRA DE HUELVA Studies on holm oak regeneration in North Sevilla mountains</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuad. Soc. Esp. Cien. For Actas de la III Reunión sobre Repoblaciones Forestales</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implantación</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implantation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastoreo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">protección</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2980577.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217 - 221</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We have described an oak regeneration research without prohibit the grazing. Three implantation types and seven protections types have been tested. Several parameters have been measured to the seven, fifteen and twenty three months since the seeding or planting</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gimeno, B S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bermejo, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanz, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de la Torre, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elvira, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth response to ozone of annual species from Mediterranean pastures.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative growth rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Screening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Therophytes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">297-306</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone (O3) phytotoxicity has been reported on a wide range of plant species. However, scarce information has been provided regarding the sensitivity of semi-natural grassland species, especially those from dehesa Mediterranean grasslands, in spite of their great biological diversity and the high O3 levels recorded in the region. A screening study was carried out in open-top chambers (OTCs) to assess the O3-sensitivity of representative therophytes of these ecosystems based on the response of selected growth-related parameters. Three O3 treatments and 3 OTCs per treatment were used. Legume species were very sensitive to O3, because 78% of the tested species showed detrimental effects on their total biomass relative growth rate (RGR) following their exposure to O3. The Trifolium genus was particularly sensitive showing O3-induced adverse effects on most of the assessed parameters. Gramineae plants were less sensitive than Leguminosae species because detrimental effects on total biomass RGR were only observed in 14% of the assessed species. No relationship was found between relative growth rates when growing in clean air and O3 susceptibility. The implications of these effects on the performance of dehesa acidic grasslands and on the definition of ozone critical levels for the protection of semi-natural vegetation are discussed.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15312942</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plieninger, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modolell y Mainou, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konold, W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land manager attitudes toward management, regeneration, and conservation of Spanish holm oak savannas (dehesas)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landowner motivations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rangeland policy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169204603001002</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185 - 198</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological conservation in Spanish dehesas critically depends on the long-term persistence of a holm oak tree layer.Managers of private estates in Cáceres province, Spain, were surveyed about their conservation attitudes and behavior, especially as regards the widespread regeneration failure of oak stands. The aim was to define land-user perspectives on oak conservation in dehesas as basis for the design of suitable oak regeneration programs. Dehesa estates are managed diversely for a variety of goals, with lamb and beef production predominating. Small operations (‘minifundios’) had significantly higher stocking levels than large operations (‘latifundios’). Results suggest that managers strongly appreciate oaks, both for income- and non-income-related motivations like the preservation of real estate value or family tradition. Concern about threats to oak stands like lacking regeneration, oak decline, or conversion in urban areas varied in intensity, but most managers expected major changes for the future. Statistical relationships were established between oak appreciation and socio-economic variables like age, land ownership, years the operation had been owned by the family, and use of oak products. The survey revealed great confusion about existing oak conservation regulations. For long-term support to be assured, policy should orient its efforts toward conservation incentive schemes, environmental education, and technical assistance.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plieninger, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modolell y Mainou, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konold, W</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land manager attitudes toward management, regeneration, and conservation of Spanish holm oak savannas (dehesas)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landowner motivations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rangeland policy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185-198</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological conservation in Spanish dehesas critically depends on the long-term persistence of a holm oak tree layer.Managers of private estates in Cáceres province, Spain, were surveyed about their conservation attitudes and behavior, especially as regards the widespread regeneration failure of oak stands. The aim was to define land-user perspectives on oak conservation in dehesas as basis for the design of suitable oak regeneration programs. Dehesa estates are managed diversely for a variety of goals, with lamb and beef production predominating. Small operations (‘minifundios’) had significantly higher stocking levels than large operations (‘latifundios’). Results suggest that managers strongly appreciate oaks, both for income- and non-income-related motivations like the preservation of real estate value or family tradition. Concern about threats to oak stands like lacking regeneration, oak decline, or conversion in urban areas varied in intensity, but most managers expected major changes for the future. Statistical relationships were established between oak appreciation and socio-economic variables like age, land ownership, years the operation had been owned by the family, and use of oak products. The survey revealed great confusion about existing oak conservation regulations. For long-term support to be assured, policy should orient its efforts toward conservation incentive schemes, environmental education, and technical assistance.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAMPOS PALACIN, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mariscal Lorente, P J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preferencias de los propietarios e intervención pública: el caso de las dehesas de la comarca de Monfragüe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contingent valuation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delphi technique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental and agroforestry practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental autoconsumption services</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hicksian income</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87-102</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The public have an increasing interest in Dehesa environmental services (recreation, option and existence values). The growing Government incentives on environmental friendly agricultural practices have given a new opportunity for private economics of natural and environmental resources in Dehesa. This work presents the results from a Delphi questionnaire on owners’ preferences and demands of compensations for undertaking environmental conservation and improvement measures in Dehesa of Monfragüe shire. The private owners of Dehesa are investors that have, at the same time, commercial aims and private environmental services autoconsumption preferences. A contingent valuation questionnaire has been applied to a group of Dehesa ’ owners to measure the maximum willingness to pay (WTP) —to accept losses— of commercial capital income against the maintenance of private environmental services autoconsumption. The Delphi results show that owners’attitude is in favour to follow the environmental friendly agricultural practices, when the Government incentives are higher than the losses of commercial capital income plus a risk premium. The value of owners’ autoconsumption measured by the WTP question from the contingent valuation gives an autoconsumption profitability rate from 1% to 5% of the total market value of the Dehesa.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos Palacín, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mariscal Lorente, P. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preferencias de los propietarios e intervención pública: el caso de las dehesas de la comarca de Monfragüe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contingent valuation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delphi technique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental and agroforestry practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental autoconsumption services</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hicksian income</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/20672</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87 - 102</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The public have an increasing interest in Dehesa environmental services (recreation, option and existence values). The growing Government incentives on environmental friendly agricultural practices have given a new opportunity for private economics of natural and environmental resources in Dehesa. This work presents the results from a Delphi questionnaire on owners’ preferences and demands of compensations for undertaking environmental conservation and improvement measures in Dehesa of Monfragüe shire. The private owners of Dehesa are investors that have, at the same time, commercial aims and private environmental services autoconsumption preferences. A contingent valuation questionnaire has been applied to a group of Dehesa ’ owners to measure the maximum willingness to pay (WTP) —to accept losses— of commercial capital income against the maintenance of private environmental services autoconsumption. The Delphi results show that owners’attitude is in favour to follow the environmental friendly agricultural practices, when the Government incentives are higher than the losses of commercial capital income plus a risk premium. The value of owners’ autoconsumption measured by the WTP question from the contingent valuation gives an autoconsumption profitability rate from 1% to 5% of the total market value of the Dehesa.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avilés, Jesus M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time budget and habitat use of the Common Crane wintering in dehesas of southwestern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Zoology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cranes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feeding (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intake rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">livestock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">parental investment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social structure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-105</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1233 - 1238</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In many bird species juvenile inexperience drastically reduces their survival, and parents must provide for them. I tested whether time budget and habitat use in adult wintering Common Cranes (Grus grus) in dehesas (pastoral woodland) of western Spain were affected by the presence of juveniles. Juvenile cranes devote less time to vigilance and spend more time feeding than adults in dehesas. Likewise, juveniles are involved in fewer aggressive encounters than adult cranes. Contrary to expectation, adults accompanied by juveniles devoted the same amount of time to vigilance and feeding and had the same intake rate than adults without juveniles in attendance. However, adult cranes with offspring in attendance were involved in more aggressive encounters than adults without juveniles in attendance when both adult groups were involved in large flocks. In contrast, when adults accompanied by juveniles were in small flocks they were involved in fewer aggressive encounters than adults without juveniles. I also detected a differential use of dehesas by adult cranes that was linked to juvenile presence and explained by the vulnerability of juvenile cranes in intraspecific social relationships. Adults with juveniles in attendance preferred dehesas with livestock where flock sizes were smaller than those in dehesas without livestock, and therefore where they might reduce the number of aggressive encounters with other cranes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1139/z03-105doi: 10.1139/z03-105The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: NRC Research Press</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avilés, Jesús M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time budget and habitat use of the Common Crane wintering in dehesas of southwestern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Zoology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cranes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feeding (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intake rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">livestock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">parental investment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social structure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NRC Research Press</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1233-1238</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In many bird species juvenile inexperience drastically reduces their survival, and parents must provide for them. I tested whether time budget and habitat use in adult wintering Common Cranes (Grus grus) in dehesas (pastoral woodland) of western Spain were affected by the presence of juveniles. Juvenile cranes devote less time to vigilance and spend more time feeding than adults in dehesas. Likewise, juveniles are involved in fewer aggressive encounters than adult cranes. Contrary to expectation, adults accompanied by juveniles devoted the same amount of time to vigilance and feeding and had the same intake rate than adults without juveniles in attendance. However, adult cranes with offspring in attendance were involved in more aggressive encounters than adults without juveniles in attendance when both adult groups were involved in large flocks. In contrast, when adults accompanied by juveniles were in small flocks they were involved in fewer aggressive encounters than adults without juveniles. I also detected a differential use of dehesas by adult cranes that was linked to juvenile presence and explained by the vulnerability of juvenile cranes in intraspecific social relationships. Adults with juveniles in attendance preferred dehesas with livestock where flock sizes were smaller than those in dehesas without livestock, and therefore where they might reduce the number of aggressive encounters with other cranes.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1139/z03-105</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1139/z03-105</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAMPOS PALACIN, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez Luengo, Y</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aspectos económicos de las prácticas agroforestales: un sistema de indicadores monetarios y biofísicos</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuadernos de la Sociedad Española de Ciencias Forestales</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">autoconsumo ambiental</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cuentas agroforestales</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">renta total</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39-63</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Se presenta en este trabajo un sistema de Cuentas Económicas Agroforestales (CAF) que tiene como objetivos principales el cálculo de la renta total sustentable desagregada por aprovechamien- tos y la aportación de un grupo seleccionado de indicadores biofísicos del uso múltiple de los recur- sos naturales y ambientales de una tierra. La metodología CAF es desarrollada al hilo de su aplica- ción a una dehesa de la comarca de Monfragüe en el ejercicio contable del año 1997</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos Palacín, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez Luengo, Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aspectos económicos de las prácticas agroforestales: un sistema de indicadores monetarios y biofísicos</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuadernos de la Sociedad Española de Ciencias Forestales</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">autoconsumo ambiental</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cuentas agroforestales</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">renta total</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2976026</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39 - 63</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Se presenta en este trabajo un sistema de Cuentas Económicas Agroforestales (CAF) que tiene como objetivos principales el cálculo de la renta total sustentable desagregada por aprovechamien- tos y la aportación de un grupo seleccionado de indicadores biofísicos del uso múltiple de los recur- sos naturales y ambientales de una tierra. La metodología CAF es desarrollada al hilo de su aplica- ción a una dehesa de la comarca de Monfragüe en el ejercicio contable del año 1997</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos Barbancho, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shanabel, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdà, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estudio de la variabilidad temporal y espacial de la pérdida de suelo en la dehesa (Extremadura, SO España) mediante lluvia simulada</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographicalia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">runoff</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Season</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sediment concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil loss</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=257338</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19 - 36</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The inain objective of this paper is to study the influence of the seasonal variability of tlze antecedent conditions in soil losses in a dehesa ecosystem, as well as an approach to its spatial variability. The experimental layout includes forty rainfall simulation experiments carried out in two different situa- tions: first on dry conditions, with degraded vegetation, and, second on wet con- ditions, with an important vegetation cover. The results indicate that the highest sediiilent concentrations are located in situations with bare soils, due to the effect of the drought and the soil remo- ved by grazing animals. The control of the process depends more to tlie sediment available on the soil surface than to the runoff transport capacity. From an spatial point of view, it liighlights the contrast between tlie low los- ses registered in the valley bottoms and the highest values measured in tlie areas more frequented by the livestock, where the degradation of the vege- tation cover and the removal of tlie soil material are continuous. Finally, although the rate of soil loss in the dehesa is low, it is important froin a qua- litative point of view because it affects to the inost fertile horizon in the soil profile</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos Barbancho, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shanabel, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdá, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estudio de la variabilidad temporal y espacial de la pérdida de suelo en la dehesa (Extremadura, SO España) mediante lluvia simulada</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographicalia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">runoff</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Season</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sediment concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil loss</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-36</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The inain objective of this paper is to study the influence of the seasonal variability of tlze antecedent conditions in soil losses in a dehesa ecosystem, as well as an approach to its spatial variability. The experimental layout includes forty rainfall simulation experiments carried out in two different situa- tions: first on dry conditions, with degraded vegetation, and, second on wet con- ditions, with an important vegetation cover. The results indicate that the highest sediiilent concentrations are located in situations with bare soils, due to the effect of the drought and the soil remo- ved by grazing animals. The control of the process depends more to tlie sediment available on the soil surface than to the runoff transport capacity. From an spatial point of view, it liighlights the contrast between tlie low los- ses registered in the valley bottoms and the highest values measured in tlie areas more frequented by the livestock, where the degradation of the vege- tation cover and the removal of tlie soil material are continuous. Finally, although the rate of soil loss in the dehesa is low, it is important froin a qua- litative point of view because it affects to the inost fertile horizon in the soil profile</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DOMINGO, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARÍN, F J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASPECTOS METODOLÓGICOS DE LA ORDENACIÓN DE ENCINARES EN SIERRA MORENA OCCIDENTAL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">III Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forest management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granada</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents the analysis of three Management Projects made up for Mediterranean Forest Management Units, mainly composed by evergreen oaks (Quercus ilex ssp. rotundifolia) stands with a low tree density, which are called dehesas. The dehesa is mainly used as range land and normally presents hilly landforms, acidic soils non suitable for agriculture, a temperate-warm climate, and trees covering at least 10% of the surface. It is a man made system which needs work in order to maintain its balance, but it is also a traditional landscape giving highly valued productions. Therefore we must try to find management solutions to preserve an enhance the dehesa systems; one of the greatest problems, tree preservation and renewal is presented here.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DOMINGO, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARÍN, F. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASPECTOS METODOLÓGICOS DE LA ORDENACIÓN DE ENCINARES EN SIERRA MORENA OCCIDENTAL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">III Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forest management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents the analysis of three Management Projects made up for Mediterranean Forest Management Units, mainly composed by evergreen oaks (Quercus ilex ssp. rotundifolia) stands with a low tree density, which are called dehesas. The dehesa is mainly used as range land and normally presents hilly landforms, acidic soils non suitable for agriculture, a temperate-warm climate, and trees covering at least 10% of the surface. It is a man made system which needs work in order to maintain its balance, but it is also a traditional landscape giving highly valued productions. Therefore we must try to find management solutions to preserve an enhance the dehesa systems; one of the greatest problems, tree preservation and renewal is presented here.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: III Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Granada</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez-Molina, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TORRES-VILA, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TELLO MARQUINA, J. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BLANCO SANTOS, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PALO NÚÑEZ, E. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marquina, J. C. Tello</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caracterización de las poblaciones de Fusarium Link de suelos de dehesas de Badajoz</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal Plagas</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">densidad de población</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fusarium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suelo</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://europa.sim.ucm.es/compludoc/AA?articuloId=153422</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">433 - 437</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La dehesa ocupa en Extremadura una superficie aproximada de 1.800.000 ha y constituye un ecosistema único en el que se combina la producción agro-silvo-pastoraí. Aunque la dehesa está sometida a la acción antrópica, normalmente ésta no provoca la misma perturbación que en las zonas de cultivo agrícola. Sin embargo se desconoce si la micoflora de sus suelos es similar a la de los suelos de áreas no cultivadas o a los de zonas agrícolas. La caracterización de las poblaciones de Fusarium de los suelos de 18 dehesas de Badajoz con arbolado de encina efectuada en este estudio indica que el gé- nero se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en estos suelos. Además de ser detectada su presencia en todos los suelos muestreados, las densidades de población fueron elevadas en general. Las especies aisladas fueron F. oxysporum, F. roseum y F. solani, con un pre- dominio claro de F. oxysporum seguida por F. roseum. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los Fusaria son pobladores naturales de los suelos de dehesa de Badajoz.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodriguez, Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caparros, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Towards the dehesa total income accounting: theory and operative Monfragüe study cases</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Commercial income</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental income</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forestland accounting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total income</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43-67</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There has been, from the beginning of the 1970s, a controversial debate on the income measurement of natural resource exploitation and sustainability both commercial and environmental of their economic resources. Treeless pastures and woodlands have been the focus of less research than has timber forestland. Up to today, institutional timber forestland accounting proposals have not integrated non-excludable and other non-market benefits into total income measurement of forestland. This paper shows a complete accounting system that can incorporate any economic benefit and cost that could accrue from active and passive uses of forestland, whether or not the economic effects are the result of on-site and off-site land uses. An application to the Spanish dehesas at Monfragüe area gives a tentative total income measurement under this new accounting proposal. The dehesa woodland study represents one of the most complex forestland uses system.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodriguez, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caparros, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Towards the dehesa total income accounting: theory and operative Monfragüe study cases</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Commercial income</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental income</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forestland accounting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total income</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/10285</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43 - 67</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There has been, from the beginning of the 1970s, a controversial debate on the income measurement of natural resource exploitation and sustainability both commercial and environmental of their economic resources. Treeless pastures and woodlands have been the focus of less research than has timber forestland. Up to today, institutional timber forestland accounting proposals have not integrated non-excludable and other non-market benefits into total income measurement of forestland. This paper shows a complete accounting system that can incorporate any economic benefit and cost that could accrue from active and passive uses of forestland, whether or not the economic effects are the result of on-site and off-site land uses. An application to the Spanish dehesas at Monfragüe area gives a tentative total income measurement under this new accounting proposal. The dehesa woodland study represents one of the most complex forestland uses system.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infante, Juan Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mauchamp, André</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Alés, Rocío</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, Richard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, Serge</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Within-tree variation in transpiration in isolated evergreen oak trees: evidence in support of the pipe model theory</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak savannah</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sap flow den- sity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water use</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">409-414</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Within-tree variation in sap flow density (SFD) was measured in two isolated evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) trees growing in an oak savannah (dehesa) in southwest Spain. Sap flow was estimated by the constant heating method. Three sensors were installed in the trunk of each tree in three orientations: northeast (NE), northwest (NW) and south (S). Sap flow density was monitored continuously from May 18 to September 27, 1993. Daily values of SFD ranged between 500 and 4500 mm3 mm−2 day−1. There were significant differences in SFD between orientations; SFD was higher in the NE and NW orientations than in the S orientation. These differences were noted on both a daily and seasonal time scale, and were less pronounced on cloudy days and at the end of the drought period, when SFD was relatively low. Our results support the idea that branches of trees can be viewed as a collection of small independent plants.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/21.6.409</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/21.6.409</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gallardo, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodriguez-Saucedo, J. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil nitrogen heterogeneity in a Dehesa ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geostatistics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil nitrogen</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/J1335844428H6726.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">222</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71 - 82</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Dehesa are savannah-like ecosystems that occupy extensive areas in the mediterranean regions of Southern Spain and Portugal. The changes in the soil nitrogen (N) potential mineralisation rate, microbial biomass-N and available mineral N in soils were studied over 1 year in a Dehesa ecosystem, in the SW of Spain. The temporal variability of soil samples was compared by using the coefficient of variation of samples taken on a monthly basis. Spatial variability of the soil samples was measured by comparing the variograms generated with geostatistical techniques. The potential N mineralisation reached a maximum in the spring and summer samples, and a minimum in the autumn. However, the soil NHC 4 , NO 3 and microbial biomass-N showed maximum levels in winter, compared with minimum levels in the spring and summer. The potential mineralisation rate showed a higher temporal variability in the samples taken under tree canopies, due to highest maximum and similar minimum levels reached during the sampling period. The potential mineralisation rate, microbial biomass-N and soil mineral N were higher under the tree canopies than in the open grassland. The spatial distribution of the soil organicmatter and available NHC 4 was strongly influenced by tree canopy size. The semivariograms were adjusted to a spherical model, indicating a maximum NHC 4 variability at a certain distance from the tree crown diameter. The same was not the case for the spatial distribution of the soil NO 3 from the tree crown. Our results indicate that the tree component of a Dehesa ecosystem is a major influence in the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soils.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gallardo, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodriguez-Saucedo, J J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil nitrogen heterogeneity in a Dehesa ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geostatistics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil nitrogen</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">222</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71-82</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Dehesa are savannah-like ecosystems that occupy extensive areas in the mediterranean regions of Southern Spain and Portugal. The changes in the soil nitrogen (N) potential mineralisation rate, microbial biomass-N and available mineral N in soils were studied over 1 year in a Dehesa ecosystem, in the SW of Spain. The temporal variability of soil samples was compared by using the coefficient of variation of samples taken on a monthly basis. Spatial variability of the soil samples was measured by comparing the variograms generated with geostatistical techniques. The potential N mineralisation reached a maximum in the spring and summer samples, and a minimum in the autumn. However, the soil NHC 4 , NO 3 and microbial biomass-N showed maximum levels in winter, compared with minimum levels in the spring and summer. The potential mineralisation rate showed a higher temporal variability in the samples taken under tree canopies, due to highest maximum and similar minimum levels reached during the sampling period. The potential mineralisation rate, microbial biomass-N and soil mineral N were higher under the tree canopies than in the open grassland. The spatial distribution of the soil organicmatter and available NHC 4 was strongly influenced by tree canopy size. The semivariograms were adjusted to a spherical model, indicating a maximum NHC 4 variability at a certain distance from the tree crown diameter. The same was not the case for the spatial distribution of the soil NO 3 from the tree crown. Our results indicate that the tree component of a Dehesa ecosystem is a major influence in the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soils.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olea, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Figuera, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa ecosystem: Production and preservation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Options Méditerranéennes</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forages</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastures</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239-246</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Dehesa is an ecosystem in which species of herbs, bushes and trees coexist in a semi-desert regime, contributingto the feeding of domestic and wild animals. The improvement and exploitation of these agrosylvopastoral systems must be founded on the principles of preseofr vthaetio ne nvironment and the idea of creating systems that can be maintained with a correct usage of natural resources. Fertilization of the natural pastures, the introduction of new pasture species and varieties, the favouring of the species of bush that have a forage value and the preservationo f the arboreous stratum are methods which will alluosw t o preserve this ecosystem</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palacín, P Campos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hacia la medición de la renta de bienestar del uso múltiple de un bosque</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigación agraria. Sistemas y recursos …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bienestar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bosque</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuentas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustentable</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-5</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Este trabajo presenta una nueva metodología de cuentas microeconómicas que permite medir la renta de bienestar sustentable del uso múltiple de los bosques. Se discuten las diferencias conceptuales y de las aplicaciones actuales de la medición del valor añadido generado por el bosque entre los sistemas normalizados de la contabilidad nacional (SCN) y el sistema de cuentas agroforestales (CAF) propuesto. El trabajo ilustra con la aplicación del sistema CAF a una dehesa de alcornoques y encinas de la comarca de Monfragüe (Cáceres) las ventajas del sistema CAF frente al SCN para conocer la contribución total de la dehesa al bienestar de la sociedad considerando tanto los valores económicos de mercado como los ambientales.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olea, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viguera, F J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Levels of bioelements and their relation to the ruminants ' needs in the most important pasture-plant species of the wooded dehesa ( grazing-land ) in the south-west of Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dynamics and sustainability of Mediterranean pastoral systems . CIHEAM, (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 39)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annual pasture plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grass quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean pasture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CIHEAM</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaragoza</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">251-255</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">- The Trifolium subterraneum and Orithopus compressus species, together are considered the most important pasture plants (pratenses) with the gramineae group of the wooded 'dehesa' of Edremadura. In the present paper 5 representative &quot;dehesas&quot; (pasture lands) of the south-west of the province of Badajoz (200,000 ha) are studied over a period of two agricultural years (1 993-94 and 94-95). Soils and plants were analysed every fortnight approximately, from Autumn until the end of Spring. Samples of plants from the different plots were taken to check the proportions of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Climatologically two different weather conditions were studied, a year of almost average rainfall and another of extreme drought. The minimum values for these 5 elements were revised. The Nitrogen proportion in both leguminous species was above the required minimum level (even in dry grass), for the ruminant feeding (over 1.5% and up to 3.5% in January and February), whereas there was a deficiency of Nitrogen in the gramineae group from April on. Regarding Phosphorus, as the plant becomes mature a decrease is noted, which was stressed in the final months of the cycle; all the dehesas studied except Manpolín reached lower rates than the minimum required (0.20%). The potassium evolved in a similar way that of P, although deficiencies (minimum 0.60%) arose only in Campos de Oliva. Its behaviour was similar in both years. Calcium had a similar behaviour in all the dehesas studied along the vegetative cycle. It was always above the minimum level (0.30%) in the gramineae from April on in both years. Magensium results were similar to those of Calcium</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GONZÁLEZ EGUREN, Vicente</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guijarro, Angel Prieto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Revuelta, José Fernandez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANÁLISIS TÉCNICO-ECONÓMICO DE LA ALIMENTACIÓN DEL GANADO VACUNO EN LA DEHESA SALMANTINA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6º Congreso de Economía Regional de Castilla y León (Zamora, 1998): &quot;Agricultura y ganadería en Castilla y León&quot;</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alimentación</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Análisis técnico-económico</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ganado vacuno</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Junta de Castilla y León</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1687-1697</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El trabajo pretende establecer un balance de la alimentación en las explotaciones de ganado vacuno en sistemas agrosilvopastorales del Centro-Oeste de España, como uno de los elementos reguladores del sistema. Se realiza un balance en términos físicos, económicos y energéticos entre las necesidades del ganado y los aportes complementarios de alimentos externos al sistema. Este balance tiene incidencia en la cuenta de resultados de explotación del sistema y constituye una guía para el análisis del proceso adaptativo de su gestión a corto plazo, y una previsión de la estabilidad a largo plazo.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, F. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanchez, M. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diaz, F. J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vega, A. R. D.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flamant, JC and Gabina</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of dehesas with multiple use. Physical and economic indexes of sustainable management</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BASIS OF THE QUALITY OF TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN ANIMAL PRODUCTS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental econ</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81 - 86</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-74134-53-X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The wide surface that dehesas hold in Spain, together with their economic, social and environmental importance, give enough justification to the researchs that widen the scientific knowlege about the economics of dehesa systems. However, the dehesa agroforestry farms do not appear in the different statistical documentary sources of the Agricultural Accounting Net. The lack of technical-economic data about these systems impede neither to observe the effects of the Common Agricultural Policy on the natural environment, nor to know as a whole the dynamics and structure of their flows and the stock of resources and income. This paper deals with the technical and economic management of dehesas in the field of the environmental economics. Its main aim has been to carry out an analytical case study. In order to develop it, four dehesa farms in the Southwest of the Badajoz Province were selected. These farms have collaborated on the development of the Research Project UE CAMAR CT 90-28 ``Technical and economic analysis of dehesa and montado systems{''}. Its importance lies in the basis of the case analysis, with a description of the systems and an identification of the structure and dynamics of their resources, either at physical and economic level.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: BASIS OF THE QUALITY OF TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN ANIMAL PRODUCTS&lt;br/&gt;issue: 90&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, F P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SÁNCHEZ, M E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diaz, F J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vega, A R D</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flamant, JC and Gabina, D and Diaz, M E</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of dehesas with multiple use. Physical and economic indexes of sustainable management</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BASIS OF THE QUALITY OF TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN ANIMAL PRODUCTS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental econ</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81-86</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-74134-53-X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The wide surface that dehesas hold in Spain, together with their economic, social and environmental importance, give enough justification to the researchs that widen the scientific knowlege about the economics of dehesa systems. However, the dehesa agroforestry farms do not appear in the different statistical documentary sources of the Agricultural Accounting Net. The lack of technical-economic data about these systems impede neither to observe the effects of the Common Agricultural Policy on the natural environment, nor to know as a whole the dynamics and structure of their flows and the stock of resources and income. This paper deals with the technical and economic management of dehesas in the field of the environmental economics. Its main aim has been to carry out an analytical case study. In order to develop it, four dehesa farms in the Southwest of the Badajoz Province were selected. These farms have collaborated on the development of the Research Project UE CAMAR CT 90-28 ``Technical and economic analysis of dehesa and montado systems{''}. Its importance lies in the basis of the case analysis, with a description of the systems and an identification of the structure and dynamics of their resources, either at physical and economic level.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mata, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caballero, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Labrador, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casco, J. M. G.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flamant, JC and Gabina</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological food production from animal origin in the dehesa agrosystem of Andalucia and Extremadura</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BASIS OF THE QUALITY OF TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN ANIMAL PRODUCTS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animal ecological production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87 - 90</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-74134-53-X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andalucia and Extremadura gather certain advantages and conditions for the development of ecological stockbreeding which place them among the European territories of greatest potential in this sense. There are wide areas of high environmental balance, some of them declared as Natural Protected Areas-, with soils of only forestal and silvopastoral use, and with a lot of farms used for the traditional extensive stockbreeding. In this area the management is close to the ecological stockbreeding, and the location coincides with the one of dehesa farms. Most of these farms suffer problems derived from the pressure to which they are subjected because of a management towards greater intensification. Their functions are not valued properly. Many times their products are not competitive with the usual market prices. Being, however of greater organoleptic, sanitary, environmental quality and being even greater, their possibility of profitability. The conversion of extensive stockbreeding farms into a type of ecological production may provide solutions to these problems, favouring a consolidated development; and at the same time, it may encourage an action integrated with other agrarian farms, producing sites of pluriactivity and much more profitability. This work shows a description of the most relevant aspects of extensive stockbreeding productions in relation to its conversion into the ecological production.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: BASIS OF THE QUALITY OF TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN ANIMAL PRODUCTS&lt;br/&gt;issue: 90&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mata, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caballero, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Labrador, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casco, J M G</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flamant, JC and Gabina, D and Diaz, M E</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological food production from animal origin in the dehesa agrosystem of Andalucia and Extremadura</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BASIS OF THE QUALITY OF TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN ANIMAL PRODUCTS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animal ecological production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87-90</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-74134-53-X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andalucia and Extremadura gather certain advantages and conditions for the development of ecological stockbreeding which place them among the European territories of greatest potential in this sense. There are wide areas of high environmental balance, some of them declared as Natural Protected Areas-, with soils of only forestal and silvopastoral use, and with a lot of farms used for the traditional extensive stockbreeding. In this area the management is close to the ecological stockbreeding, and the location coincides with the one of dehesa farms. Most of these farms suffer problems derived from the pressure to which they are subjected because of a management towards greater intensification. Their functions are not valued properly. Many times their products are not competitive with the usual market prices. Being, however of greater organoleptic, sanitary, environmental quality and being even greater, their possibility of profitability. The conversion of extensive stockbreeding farms into a type of ecological production may provide solutions to these problems, favouring a consolidated development; and at the same time, it may encourage an action integrated with other agrarian farms, producing sites of pluriactivity and much more profitability. This work shows a description of the most relevant aspects of extensive stockbreeding productions in relation to its conversion into the ecological production.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, Susanne</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrological behaviour of a small catchment in the dehesa landuse system (Extremadura, SW Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Hydrology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Runoff–rainfall relationship</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semi-arid areas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small catchment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water budget</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">210</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146-160</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigations of the hydrological processes operating in a small experimental catchment representative of the dehesa ecosystem were carried out. The dehesa constitutes a system of agro-silvo-pastoral landuse, which is characterized by a Mediterranean, semi-arid climate. The study includes an analysis of the relationships between rainfall, soil water content and discharge, as well as the establishment of the annual water budget. The results demonstrate a complex hydrological response. The relationships between the factors involved and the operating processes are difﬁcult to explain because of the decisive role played by the valley bottoms. These areas typically possess a sediment ﬁll, and contrast with the shallow soils developed on the hillslopes. Genesis and quantity of runoff (Hortonian or saturation) measured at the outlet depend on the antecedent moisture conditions of the valley bottoms because of their water-retention capacity. Annual runoff coefﬁcients are similar to those reported from other semi-arid areas. The analysis of the annual water budget shows that rainfall is positively related with both actual evapotranspiration and discharge</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, Susanne</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrological behaviour of a small catchment in the dehesa landuse system (Extremadura, SW Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Hydrology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Runoff–rainfall relationship</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semi-arid areas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small catchment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water budget</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022169498001802</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">210</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146 - 160</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigations of the hydrological processes operating in a small experimental catchment representative of the dehesa ecosystem were carried out. The dehesa constitutes a system of agro-silvo-pastoral landuse, which is characterized by a Mediterranean, semi-arid climate. The study includes an analysis of the relationships between rainfall, soil water content and discharge, as well as the establishment of the annual water budget. The results demonstrate a complex hydrological response. The relationships between the factors involved and the operating processes are difﬁcult to explain because of the decisive role played by the valley bottoms. These areas typically possess a sediment ﬁll, and contrast with the shallow soils developed on the hillslopes. Genesis and quantity of runoff (Hortonian or saturation) measured at the outlet depend on the antecedent moisture conditions of the valley bottoms because of their water-retention capacity. Annual runoff coefﬁcients are similar to those reported from other semi-arid areas. The analysis of the annual water budget shows that rainfall is positively related with both actual evapotranspiration and discharge</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duran, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascual, M. R. P.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flamant, JC and Gabina</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Production of free range chickens in the Spanish South-west</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BASIS OF THE QUALITY OF TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN ANIMAL PRODUCTS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extensive chickens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality meat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sex poultry carcass</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">381 - 385</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-74134-53-X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The object of this study is to elaborate a description of the products obtained from the breeding of free range chickens in the Spanish South-west, considering the possible sex influence. 24 Redstar Shaver chickens were used, 12 males and 12 females chickens. The animals were controlled weekly to determine productive yields when alive. After their slaughter, notes on carcasses and meats were taken. The males weighted more at the slaughter time and presented a better yield of the eviscerated carcass. The females showed a greater abdominal fat content and the regional composition was virtually the same in both sexes, however a greater percentage of legs was found in the males. The dissection of the inferior extremities showed a greater edible meat content in the females chickens. The organoLeptic tests (pH and water holding capacity CRA) presented relevant differences between sexes (greater pH and CRA. in the males). The comparison of the meat nutritive Value (protein and ashes) did not show relevant differences between males and females. This study shows that male and female chickens are products with similar nutritive value but distinguishable by other parameters.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: BASIS OF THE QUALITY OF TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN ANIMAL PRODUCTS&lt;br/&gt;issue: 90&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duran, A M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascual, M R P</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flamant, JC and Gabina, D and Diaz, M E</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Production of free range chickens in the Spanish South-west</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BASIS OF THE QUALITY OF TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN ANIMAL PRODUCTS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extensive chickens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality meat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sex poultry carcass</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">381-385</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-74134-53-X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The object of this study is to elaborate a description of the products obtained from the breeding of free range chickens in the Spanish South-west, considering the possible sex influence. 24 Redstar Shaver chickens were used, 12 males and 12 females chickens. The animals were controlled weekly to determine productive yields when alive. After their slaughter, notes on carcasses and meats were taken. The males weighted more at the slaughter time and presented a better yield of the eviscerated carcass. The females showed a greater abdominal fat content and the regional composition was virtually the same in both sexes, however a greater percentage of legs was found in the males. The dissection of the inferior extremities showed a greater edible meat content in the females chickens. The organoLeptic tests (pH and water holding capacity CRA) presented relevant differences between sexes (greater pH and CRA. in the males). The comparison of the meat nutritive Value (protein and ashes) did not show relevant differences between males and females. This study shows that male and female chickens are products with similar nutritive value but distinguishable by other parameters.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdà, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil hydrological response under simulated rainfall in the Dehesa land system (Extremadura, SW Spain) under drought conditions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrophobicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil hydrology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199803)23:3&lt;195::AID-ESP830&gt;3.0.CO;2-I/abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195 - 209</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil hydrology was investigated in the Guadelperalón experimental watershed in order to determine the inﬂuence of land use and vegetation cover on runoff and inﬁltration within the Dehesa land system. Five soil–vegetation units were selected: (1) tree cover, (2) sheep trials, (3) shrub cover, (4) hillslope grass and (5) bottom grass. The results of the simulated rainfall experiments performed at an intensity of 53·6mm h −1 during one hour on plots of 0·25m 2 , and the water drop penetration time test indicate the importance of water repellency in the Dehesa land system under drought conditions. Low inﬁltration rates (c. 9–44mm h −1 ) were found everywhere except at shrub sites and in areas with low grazing pressure. Soil water repellency greatly reduced inﬁltration, especially beneath Quercus ilex canopies, where fast ponding and greater runoff rates were observed. The low vegetation cover as a consequence of a prolonged drought and grazing pressure, in conjunction with the soil water repellency, induces high runoff rates (15–70 per cent). In spite of this, macropore ﬂuxes were found in different locations, beneath trees, on shrub-covered surfaces, as well as at sites with a dominance of herbaceous cover. Discontinuity of the runoff ﬂuxes due to variations in hydrophobicity causes preferential ﬂows and as a consequence deeper inﬁltration, especially where macropores are developed</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdá, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil hydrological response under simulated rainfall in the Dehesa land system (Extremadura, SW Spain) under drought conditions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrophobicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil hydrology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195-209</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil hydrology was investigated in the Guadelperalón experimental watershed in order to determine the inﬂuence of land use and vegetation cover on runoff and inﬁltration within the Dehesa land system. Five soil–vegetation units were selected: (1) tree cover, (2) sheep trials, (3) shrub cover, (4) hillslope grass and (5) bottom grass. The results of the simulated rainfall experiments performed at an intensity of 53·6mm h −1 during one hour on plots of 0·25m 2 , and the water drop penetration time test indicate the importance of water repellency in the Dehesa land system under drought conditions. Low inﬁltration rates (c. 9–44mm h −1 ) were found everywhere except at shrub sites and in areas with low grazing pressure. Soil water repellency greatly reduced inﬁltration, especially beneath Quercus ilex canopies, where fast ponding and greater runoff rates were observed. The low vegetation cover as a consequence of a prolonged drought and grazing pressure, in conjunction with the soil water repellency, induces high runoff rates (15–70 per cent). In spite of this, macropore ﬂuxes were found in different locations, beneath trees, on shrub-covered surfaces, as well as at sites with a dominance of herbaceous cover. Discontinuity of the runoff ﬂuxes due to variations in hydrophobicity causes preferential ﬂows and as a consequence deeper inﬁltration, especially where macropores are developed</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Bote, C J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustained utilization of the Iberian pig breed.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meat science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high quality products (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian pig</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meat Products</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montanera</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49S1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S17--27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Iberian pig is one of the scarce non-improved swine breeds which survives the modern techniques of pig production based on improved genotypes. This is attributed both to its perfect adaptation to the Mediterranean natural ecosystem and the high quality of its products. The production of meat products from Iberian pigs has very little in common with that of meat products obtained from selected pigs raised under intensive conditions, and it constitutes an example of the preparation of high quality meat products, comparable to the most exquisite food products in the world. The production of Iberian pig is deeply bound to the Mediterranean ecosystem. It is a rare example in the world swine production where the pig contributes so decisively to the preservation of the ecosystem. The aim of this review is to describe in detail the traditional feeding of the Iberian pigs in La Dehesa and to discuss some aspects of the use of alternatives to this production system. Some of the experience in the formulation of compounds feeds for Iberian pigs and in the processing of meat products could be useful in the feeding of other pig genotypes and in different meat processing strategies.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22060709</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellido, M Martín</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Presente y futuro de la producción de vacuno de aptitud cárnica en extensivo</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Archivos de zootecnia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meat marketing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality meat</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">205-213</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Se presenta la producción de carne a nivel mundial, europeo y nacional, haciendo énfasis en los datos de The meat production of the world, Europe and Spain is presented, with enphasis on the Extremadura data. In this region, the number of cattle in 1994 was 462553, of which 319508 were beef cows, managed under extensive conditions. The beef meat produced in extensive system, reached 55199.8 t with a value of 19201.7 millions of pesetas, representing a 20.26 per cent of the total meat produced in the region and the 26.24 per cent of the total value. The steers are feedlot mainly outside the region, due to different causes. The importance of the subsidies coming from the beef cows Commom Market Organization, in the farmers income maintenance, is pointed out. Also, the necessity to improve the breeders association, to comercialize this quality beef, produced under extensive systems compatible with the environment conservation, with the goat to get quality tags for this meat, their promotion and to organice their offer in the market.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellido, M. Martín</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Presente y futuro de la producción de vacuno de aptitud cárnica en extensivo</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Archivos de zootecnia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meat marketing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality meat</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1418779</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">205 - 213</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Se presenta la producción de carne a nivel mundial, europeo y nacional, haciendo énfasis en los datos de The meat production of the world, Europe and Spain is presented, with enphasis on the Extremadura data. In this region, the number of cattle in 1994 was 462553, of which 319508 were beef cows, managed under extensive conditions. The beef meat produced in extensive system, reached 55199.8 t with a value of 19201.7 millions of pesetas, representing a 20.26 per cent of the total meat produced in the region and the 26.24 per cent of the total value. The steers are feedlot mainly outside the region, due to different causes. The importance of the subsidies coming from the beef cows Commom Market Organization, in the farmers income maintenance, is pointed out. Also, the necessity to improve the breeders association, to comercialize this quality beef, produced under extensive systems compatible with the environment conservation, with the goat to get quality tags for this meat, their promotion and to organice their offer in the market.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">166-167</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vargas, J. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calvo, J. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aparicio, M. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) management in the dehesa system in central Extremadura, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antlers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">red deer (Cervus elaphus)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wildlife habitat</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/X48513T782784441.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77 - 89</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper we report the results of a study on the suitability of the dehesa (Mediterranean woodlands) as habitat of red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in a closed country estate of about 4300 ha total surface situated in the San Pedro Mountain, in Central Extremadura, Spain. We have described the d e e r management with respect to habitat, exploitation mode, deer feeding, population control and production of goods and services. It is concluded that the dehesa system is a rich natural resource that preserves and improves the degraded environment.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vargas, J D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calvo, J C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aparicio, M A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) management in the dehesa system in central Extremadura, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antlers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">red deer (Cervus elaphus)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wildlife habitat</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77-89</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper we report the results of a study on the suitability of the dehesa (Mediterranean woodlands) as habitat of red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in a closed country estate of about 4300 ha total surface situated in the San Pedro Mountain, in Central Extremadura, Spain. We have described the d e e r management with respect to habitat, exploitation mode, deer feeding, population control and production of goods and services. It is concluded that the dehesa system is a rich natural resource that preserves and improves the degraded environment.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lacaze, B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estimating tree density in oak savanna-like lsquo;dehesa’ of southern Spain from SPOT data</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Remote Sensing</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">savanna-like</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOPT data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">southern Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree density</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">685-697</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract The main objective of this study was to establish a method of estimating tree density in savanna-like vegetation systems using the highest spatial resolution available from satellite data (SPOT-1 panchromatic = 10 m resolution) based on the assumption that for sparse trees on a contrasting herbaceous background, spatial filters may provide a direct mapping of tree cover. The study was performed in the ?dehesas? oak-woodland of southern Spain. This particular landscape is characterized by the presence of scattered evergreen oak trees (Quercus ilex and Q. suber) whose density ranges from 0 to 80 even-aged mature trees per hectare which gives the appearance of a savanna-like vegetation. Tree density can be accurately estimated by SPOT-1 panchromatic data after numerical filtering. This method allows the mapping of tree density of the dehesas, a key parameter reflecting the functional vegetation-soil-climate equilibrium which exists for both woody and herbaceous strata.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/01431169308904368</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/01431169308904368</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOFFRE, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LACAZE, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estimating tree density in oak savanna-like lsquo;dehesa’ of southern Spain from SPOT data</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Remote Sensing</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">savanna-like</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOPT data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">southern Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree density</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431169308904368</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">685 - 697</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract The main objective of this study was to establish a method of estimating tree density in savanna-like vegetation systems using the highest spatial resolution available from satellite data (SPOT-1 panchromatic = 10 m resolution) based on the assumption that for sparse trees on a contrasting herbaceous background, spatial filters may provide a direct mapping of tree cover. The study was performed in the ?dehesas? oak-woodland of southern Spain. This particular landscape is characterized by the presence of scattered evergreen oak trees (Quercus ilex and Q. suber) whose density ranges from 0 to 80 even-aged mature trees per hectare which gives the appearance of a savanna-like vegetation. Tree density can be accurately estimated by SPOT-1 panchromatic data after numerical filtering. This method allows the mapping of tree density of the dehesas, a key parameter reflecting the functional vegetation-soil-climate equilibrium which exists for both woody and herbaceous strata.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/01431169308904368doi: 10.1080/01431169308904368The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOW TREE COVER INFLUENCES THE WATER-BALANCE OF MEDITERRANEAN RANGELANDS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEEP DRAINAGE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evapotranspiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrological equilibrium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDITERRANEAN OAK WOODLANDS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus-suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">surface runoff</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water balance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">570-582</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa ecosystems of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula are characterized as a savanna-like rangeland dominated by scattered mediterranean evergreen oak trees. We investigated whether isolated trees modify the water balance of this ecosystem and if so, what implications this finding might have on models that assume homogeneity of soil water resources. The water balance of the two ecological components of the dehesas-(1) the tree-grass component, and (2) the open areas between the tree canopies with unshaded grass vegetation-was studied for three consecutive years in three locations in the Sierra Norte de Sevilla region of Andalusia in southern Spain. In this region, annual rainfall was generally between 600 and 800 mm, and the summer drought lasted almost-equal-to 130 d. Soil water storage was measured with a neutron moisture gauge outside and under the tree canopy. Deep drainage between two consecutive census dates was calculated using field-measured drainage characteristics. Evapotranspiration (Ea) and surface runoff were computed from the water balance equation assuming that Ea is limited by Penman potential evapotranspiration. Monthly Ea by annual species in open areas was poorly correlated with rainfall levels in the autumn and was limited during the spring by availability of water in the top 40 cm of soil. During summer, monthly Ea by trees ranged from 30 to 50 mm. Mean annual Ea was 400 mm outside and 590 mm under the tree cover. In open areas, water yield (WY), defined as the sum of deep drainage and surface runoff, ranged from 65 to 100% of total Ea, whereas under the tree canopy WY was only 20 to 40% of the Ea. Under the tree canopy, when annual precipitation was &lt; 570 mm, WY was negligible and all precipitation was lost by evapotranspiration. Outside the tree canopy, WY occurred as soon as annual precipitation exceeded 250 mm. Models of competition between trees and grass generally assume a spatial homogeneity of soil hydrodynamic properties. Our results, however, show that both soil water storage and evapotranspiration are greater for the tree-grass component. Consequently, these models must account for this spatial variability in water resources according to species.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pineda, F D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perspectives on research into spanish open woodlands (dehesa): some recent ecological experiences</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giornale botanico italiano</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological succession</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean pastures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial organisation of plant communities</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">311-320</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Dehesa (open savanna-like woodland) is a Mediterranean ecosystem covering some two million hectares in the central, western and southeast parts of the Iberian Peninsula. Its importance as an ecosystem is seen from the perspective of food and energy production, scientific study and cultural traditions (Balcells et al., 1982 a, b; Humbert, 1980; Montoya, 1983; Ruiz, 1986; Vacher et al., 1985). Scientists have been carrying out studies from all of these perspectives for many years. Their conclusions have nevertheless had little influence on Spanish agricultural policy. While the information has been relevant and applicable to the ecosystem's management, policy has always been conditioned by controls on marketing channels, international stock-feed and agricultural machinery markets etc. This has led to a lamentable situation involving the destruction of landscapes, ancestral cultures and extensive grazing in large areas of the Iberian Peninsul (Balabanian, 1980; Campos Palicin, 1983; Fourneau Vacher et al., 1985). Some significant aspects of Spanish research in recent decades is summarized below, covering both the theoretical and the applied aspects of work done, particularly by the Ecology Department of Madrid's two Universities. Research on the dehesa in recent years has covered several phenomena: ? The conditioning factors imposed by climate and meteoroligical fluctuations in Mediterranean environments ? Types of herbivore grazing and pasture management ? Woodland-herbaceous vegetation interaction ? The perception and interpretation of landscapa by both its traditional users as well as others not involved in dehesa management ? Spatial plants organization observable on different scales of detail. Other aspects givin rise to several important studies include changes in land use and historic, institutional, economic, social and conservation question (Elena Rosellò, 1984; Garcia Sanz, 1978; Groome, 1985).</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263509009428151</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263509009428151</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daza, Argimiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ovejero, Ismael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blanco, Pedro J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Callejo, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buxade, Carlos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COSTE DE PRODUCCIÓN DEL TERNERO DESTETADO CHAROLÁIS x RETINTA EN UN SISTEMA DE EXPLOTACIÓN CON PARIDERA CONTINUA EN LA DEHESA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Reunión Ibérica de Pastos y Forrajes Badajoz</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">paridera continua</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rendimiento económico</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vacuno extensivo</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">527-534</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">According to technics results obtained during three consecu tive years in an extensive cattle farm with 79 Retinta cows, which is sited in the province of Cáceres (Spain), the cost of feed suplementation of the standard cow depending of the month of parturition and the net yield per calf produced depending of the month of birth, have been calculated and compared by means of index. Calculations were made either in an own farm or in a rent one. The best economic results are obtained with parturitions in Octo ber, November, December and January. That is why we recommend to concéntrate the parturitions in autumn and beginning'of winter, in extensive cattle farms in Spanish dehesa (pasture). Key words: extensive cattle, pasture, continual parturition, economic efficiency</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bravo Oviedo, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estudio silvopastoral de la dehesa boyal de Alia (Caceres)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arbolado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ganado (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasto</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107 - 115</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Se analizan los diferentes factores que intervienem en el agroecosistema dehesa. Se hace una crítica concreta del índice de productividad animal empleado en la Ley de la Dehesa en Extremadura</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-Fernández, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Gutidrrez, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution of the tree cover (Quercuspyrenaica Willd and Quercus ilex subspecies ballota (Desf. Samp)) in a dehesa over the last 100 years</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ressources.ciheam.org</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">livestock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus iiex subsp ballota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pyrenaica</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">259-262</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. During the first 60 years, the decrease in the numbers of both the holm oak and the oak was due to tree felling. The first 6 years were devoted to tree felling and cut clearing in order to clear dense forest with a view to transforming it into pasture and farmland; during the next 54 years the cut trees were used as a source of heat for the home and of wood for construction and the making of farming tools and diverse utensils. 2. Tree felling has gradually declined over the last 40 years (ít has almost disappeared) as the use of wood has been replaced by gas and gas-oil for fuel and iron and cement for construction. However, the mortality rate has increased. The deaths are mainly the result of the effects of the xylophagous insects (its effects are not usually lethal to trees under 100 yrs. old) ando ther as yet undetermined causes, perhapso f drought. 3. In stands 2 and 3 (N orientation) agriculture benefitted the old oak, which deveioped on the fringes and rocky outcrops and immediately invaded the territory as soon as the cultivation of cereals was stopped. A similar phenomenon occurs int he SW orientation witht he holm oak. 4. Autochthonous livestock (mainly cattle) on an extensive free range basis impedes the recovery of oak density, eliminating almost all oft he youngest ones in the underbrush and shrub phases, whent heir diameter in the first meter of height is less than 9 cm. It does not eliminate the holm oaks, but greatly retards their growth. When young holm oaks are taller than Zm, they can aiso be broken by domestic livestock if they do not reach a diameter of 6 cm in the first meter. 5. The end result is a rapid and dramatic decrease in tree-cover.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bellido, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRODUCCIÓN ANIMAL EN EL SUROESTE ESPAÑOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Reunión Ibérica de Pastos y Forrajes Badajoz</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cerdo Ibérico</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ganado caprino</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ganado ovino</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ganado vacuno</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badajoz</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">309-333</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">En el S.O. peninsular se desarrolla un ecosistema, la &quot;dehesa&quot; en España y los &quot;montados&quot; en Portugal, carac terizado por la presencia conjunta de especies vegetales (herbáceas y arbustivas) y animales (domésticas y salva- jes). Se extiende en España por las provincias de Zamora, Salamanca, Avila, Toledo, Ciudad Real, Cáceres, Badajoz, Córdoba, Sevilla, Huelva y Cádiz abarcando más de 5 millo nes de hectáreas. En Portugal tiene 1 millón de hectáreas y se extiende por el Alentejo. Es una zona eminentemente ganadera donde se crian una serie de razas autóctonas dependiendo fundamentalmen- te de los recursos naturales para su alimentación. Es ca- racterístico de la zona la utilización de suplementación en épocas de escasez de pastos. Las razas más importantes son: Retinto, Morucha y Avileño-Negro Ibérico con más de 134, 109 y 76 mil cabezas en la zona respectivamente. En cuanto a ganado ovino, éste se cría principalmente para producción de carne y las razas de más efectivos son la Merina, Castellana, Manchega y Talaverana con más de 2.165, 759, 610 y 288 mil cabezas en la región respectiva- mente. El ganado caprino en dehesa representa el 46,22% del censo existente en España, siendo las razas Serrana, Verata, Malagueña y Retinta las más extendidas en la zona. Por último, el cerdo Ibérico con alrededor de 70 mil reproductoras en la dehesa se encuentra en un momento de expectativas ante una nueva normativa de la CEE y su repercusión en la zona. Resumiendo, la dehesa es una zona de amplios recur- sos naturales para la cría extensiva de ganado que poste- riormente en muchos casos es engordado y sacrificado fue- ra de la zona. La utilización integral de los recursos pro pios puede generar un valor añadido a estas producciones</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vacher, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llanos, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dehesa: an agrosilvopastoral system of the Mediterranean region with special reference to the Sierra Morena area of Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agrosilvopastoral system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">effect of trees on soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak trees (Quercus spp.)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sierra morena</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1988</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71-96</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A multidisciplinary team undertook a six-year investigation on the agro-ecological and socio-economic aspects of the dehesa system in the Sierra Norte area, a part of the Sierra Morena of the Sevilla Province, Western Andalusia, Spain. This paper summarizes its findings on the various agro-ecological features of the system and evaluates the system's functional aspects vis-a-vis the trends and developments in land use in the region over the past few centuries. The synergistic effects of tree cover on understorey grassland vegetation is discussed in terms of soil fertility build-up and favourable micro-climatic and hydrological features, and the potential use of this information in future research and development programmes to improve the dehesa system in the Mediterranean region is outlined.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espejo, Diaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bellido, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolución de la producción de pastos mejorados en la dehesa extremeña en año seco</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastos</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climatology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grass production figures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subterranean clover</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1987</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129-139</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is studied the influence of the type of pastures (pasture implemented with subterranean clover and natural pasture), variability, frequency of cuts starting date, cuts high on the annual and monthly production of DM/ha under environmental &quot;dehesa&quot; conditions in Extremadura, Spain, during a climatological adverse year. The first two factors have not significant differences. The subterranean clo- ver pasture produced more than doubled than natural pasture being significant the differences between locations within this type of pastures. The monthly cut produced 40% less when the distance between cuts was longer, this drop was mainly produced in March. The figures of distribution of the production are shown. They present a má- ximum in March, falling in April because of the cold weather and lack of rain. Natural pasture production is restricted to the months of February to April whe- reas the subterranean clover pasture began production in November. Key</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bellido, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crecimiento de terneros lactantes y producción lechera de un rebaño de vacas Retinto en la Dehesa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastos</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crecimiento de terneros</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">edad del ternero</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">producción lechera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sistema extensivo (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1983</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161-174</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calves growth and milk production of Retinto beef cows were studied in Southwest of Spain. Data were taken in 1979-80 and 1980-81 at «El Gaitán» ranch located at the San Pedro mountain (Cáceres). Calves were weighed at birth and later from 20 days of age until weaning (~ 7 months) each 35 days, also was estimated milk production by the calf nursing method. Environmental factors considered in the study were: calving season, sex, year, and two-way interactions among these factors, and the linear and quadratic effeets of age of cow, gestation number and age of calf. In the study of calves growth were also considered the linear and quadratic effeets of milk production. Using the stepwise regression technique, the variables which have more influence on calf growth and milk production accumulated at wean- ing have been selected. The nine variables selected for calf growth explain- ed 94.6 % of the variability, being calf age and milk production the most important (R2 = 91.9%); when calf age is excluded from the model, milk production itself explains 77.6 % of the variation on calf growth. Consi- dering milk production as a dependent variable, a group of seven varia- bles explained 72.6 % of the variability of this characteristic, being the suckling days the variable that affects more to this response (R2 = 66.7 %). 174</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCÍA CIUDAD, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MORENO DOMÍNGUEZ, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCÍA CRIADO, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variación estacional de la composición mineral en pastizales de dehesa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastos</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">composición mineral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastizales</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variación estacional (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1981</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1981///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://polired.upm.es/index.php/pastos/article/view/1575</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217 - 233</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The seasonal variations in the concentrations of sahes, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in the pasture lands of a dehesas in the Pro- vince of Salamanca are studied. The sampling was monthly and took place during the period from September 1978 to October 1979. In general, the contení of ashes, N, P and K evolves in a similar ma- nner, reaching highest valúes in spring and lowest valúes in summer. Ho- wever, the concentrations of Ca, Mg and Mn show sharp oscilations at zone or fasture-type level. Those of Na, Cu and Zn are totally different from eteach other, but while in the Na concentration there are scarce fluc- tuations throughout the seasons, there are marked variations in the other tvvo. The elements Mg and Na are outstanding due to their relatively low concentrations which lie between 0 03 and 0.15% and 0.02 and 0.14% for the former and the latter, respectively. In the pasture land of the dehesa studied, it is usual to find deficien- cies in the elements Na, Cu and Zn throughout the year, while it is only in spring that the concentrations of N, P, Ca and Mg rise above the cri- tical levéis of an adequate nutrition for rumiants.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Muslera Pardo, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cruz Guzmán, E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Algunas consideraciones sobre la explotación de la dehesa extremeña, su problemática y posibles soluciones</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastos</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ganado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">manejo (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastoreo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastos</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1980</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71-86</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dehesa is the most characteristic type of extensive livestock farm in the S.W. of Spain. The past and present productive situation of these farms are described in this paper. New demand trends in the last years require a great change in the structure of their different activities of animal production. For their development an ordenated plan of invest- ments is necessary, requiring also a long term financing. Methods of clearing and pasture improvement are emphasised as the better way to increase carrying capacity. Is concluded about the need of farm improvement as a whole, and the possible solutions to develop the dehesa área, through livestock development programs.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calabuig, E L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navascués, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GÓMEZ, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Análisis fenológico en pastizales de dehesa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastos</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">especies caracteristicas (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fenología</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gradiente de oligotrofia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastizales</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trifolium</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1980</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17-30</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One oí the features of the dynamics of the grazing-lands is represented by its evolution during primary growth, when all phenological sings of the plants are seen. In the «dehesa» área in Salamanca, the prevernal, vernal and aestival periods are the most significant, and show the highest quantity of differentiatingpoints between one typegrazing-land and another. It was during these periods that regular observadons were made in 21 allotments, which belong to the most representative communities in the área, showing for each of the species its phenological state at any given moment. The information gathered has been simplified so as to offer a more general view of the phenological aspects of each type of grazing-land, summarizing the observations made per species for the group of pastures of similar taxonomic category. Likewise, the species which showed phisionomical character were selected, i.e.: those which contribute in highest proportion to the biomass of the community; in a word, those species which are dominant due to their hi^her absolute frecuency or their greater covering. To-complement this, the characteristic species are also considered. This study, descriptive in its essence, enables us on the one hand, to correlate the specific phenological observations with the general characteristics of the grazing-land to which they belong, and, in the other, to analyse the evolution of the same species in different pastures. The results obtained are given graphically, showing the differences between the definable types of pasture using the oligotrophy-eutrophy gradient</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARAÑÓN, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Figueroa, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cota, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doncel, J L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García Novo, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estudio ecológico de los pastizales de dehesa en la provincia de Badajoz. Tipificación preliminar de la vegetación empleando el análisis de correspondencias</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastos</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastizales</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suelo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetación (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1977</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-37</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42 grasslands of Badajoz and Huelva provinces (Western Spain) were studied recording plant species frequencies with 10 quadrats (20 X 20 cm.) randomly distributed over 2 X 2 m. plots taken under the crown of Quercus rotundifolia trees. Soil samples collected on every plot were analysed for pH, orgainic matter, P, Ca, K and Na. Frequency matrix (80 plant species X 42 plots) was analysed by the method know as &quot;Analyse des Correspondences&quot; (BENZECRI, 1973). The two main components (accounting for about 20 % of the overall variation) sepárate plots into six recognizable groups (grassland types). A preliminary attempc to interpret those groups is made in terms of biotope (soil and substrate) differencies. The two main directions of variation found correspond to an eutrophization gradient (poor acidic versus rich basic soils) and to an erosión gradient (soil erosión versus pedogenesis). Secondary causes of variation are interpreted as due to lithology, climate and management. Further analysis of present data is currently under way.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>