<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blondel, Jacques</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On humans and wildlife in Mediterranean islands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Biogeography</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blue tit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gene flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">insular syndrome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">local differentiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mass extinction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">niche breadth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenotypic variation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">509-518</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aim To investigate the effects of human-induced landscape changes in Mediterranean islands on the ecological and evolutionary responses of bird communities and populations. The combination of mass extinction of large mammals and massive deforestation by humans was hypothesized to produce new selection regimes to which organisms were likely to respond. Habitat selection and niche breadth have been investigated at the scale of species, and phenotypic variation at the scale of local populations. Location The study was carried out along habitat gradients and in habitat mosaics at different spatial scales on the island of Corsica and in areas of similar size and structure in continental France. Methods Two sets of gradients have been used for investigating habitat selection and niche breadth: gradients of altitude, and gradients of vegetation structure. Population studies focused on the blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus. Large samples of breeding attempts by this species in 10 habitats provided detailed data on phenotypic variation of fitness-related traits both on Corsica and on the mainland. Results The extent of niche space used by birds differed substantially depending on which habitat gradient was considered. Many species have been found to contract their habitat niche along the elevation gradient on Corsica compared with the mainland, whereas all species in the vegetation gradient broadened their niche on the island. Breeding patterns of the blue tit differed considerably depending on whether they settle in deciduous oaks (Quercus humilis) or in evergreen sclerophyllous oaks (Quercus ilex). Phenotypic variation of breeding traits was much higher on the island, where more populations were correctly timed for the best breeding period than on the mainland, a pattern that is likely to result from lower dispersal of organisms on the island. Main conclusions The differences in observed niche breadth between the two series of habitat gradients is explained both by the species-specific ecology of the species and the human-induced environmental history of Corsica. Large-scale landscape changes provided new opportunities for island colonization by non-forest species, which are isolated as small, ‘fugitive’ local populations. In both gradients, forest species that are typical components of the Corsican bird fauna definitely expanded their niche and occupied a wider range of habitats on Corsica than on the mainland. At the population scale, landscapes included habitat patches with contrasted selection regimes, which resulted in high phenotypic variation for many fitness-related traits. Reduced dispersal of birds on the island resulted in a much higher degree of local differentiation on Corsica than on the mainland.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blondel, Jacques</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On humans and wildlife in Mediterranean islands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Biogeography</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blue tit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gene flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">insular syndrome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">local differentiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mass extinction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">niche breadth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenotypic variation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01819.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">509 - 518</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aim To investigate the effects of human-induced landscape changes in Mediterranean islands on the ecological and evolutionary responses of bird communities and populations. The combination of mass extinction of large mammals and massive deforestation by humans was hypothesized to produce new selection regimes to which organisms were likely to respond. Habitat selection and niche breadth have been investigated at the scale of species, and phenotypic variation at the scale of local populations. Location The study was carried out along habitat gradients and in habitat mosaics at different spatial scales on the island of Corsica and in areas of similar size and structure in continental France. Methods Two sets of gradients have been used for investigating habitat selection and niche breadth: gradients of altitude, and gradients of vegetation structure. Population studies focused on the blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus. Large samples of breeding attempts by this species in 10 habitats provided detailed data on phenotypic variation of fitness-related traits both on Corsica and on the mainland. Results The extent of niche space used by birds differed substantially depending on which habitat gradient was considered. Many species have been found to contract their habitat niche along the elevation gradient on Corsica compared with the mainland, whereas all species in the vegetation gradient broadened their niche on the island. Breeding patterns of the blue tit differed considerably depending on whether they settle in deciduous oaks (Quercus humilis) or in evergreen sclerophyllous oaks (Quercus ilex). Phenotypic variation of breeding traits was much higher on the island, where more populations were correctly timed for the best breeding period than on the mainland, a pattern that is likely to result from lower dispersal of organisms on the island. Main conclusions The differences in observed niche breadth between the two series of habitat gradients is explained both by the species-specific ecology of the species and the human-induced environmental history of Corsica. Large-scale landscape changes provided new opportunities for island colonization by non-forest species, which are isolated as small, ‘fugitive’ local populations. In both gradients, forest species that are typical components of the Corsican bird fauna definitely expanded their niche and occupied a wider range of habitats on Corsica than on the mainland. At the population scale, landscapes included habitat patches with contrasted selection regimes, which resulted in high phenotypic variation for many fitness-related traits. Reduced dispersal of birds on the island resulted in a much higher degree of local differentiation on Corsica than on the mainland.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ElenaRossello, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cabrera, E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isozyme variation in natural populations of cork-oak (Quercus suber L) - Population structure, diversity, differentiation and gene flow</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SILVAE GENETICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gene diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gene flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic differentiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic identities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isozymes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">population structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAUERLANDERS VERLAG</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">229-235</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic variation of cork-oak (Quercus suber L.) was investigated in 7 Mediterranean populations in Spain using 13 loci from 7 enzyme systems. Quercus suber was found to possess higher values of heterozygosity (H = 0.288 +/- 0.069), percent of polymorphic loci at the 99% criterion (P = 76.9%) and average number of alleles per locus (A = 2.46), than any other oak species. Interpopulation diversity was about 16.9% of the total diversity. The average estimated of Nm based on 10 loci is 2.57, and shows current or recent gene now among populations. Genetic identities among populations were moderate, ranging from I = 0.829 to I = 0.999, and a cluster analysis revealed no patterns related to geography. Our results revealed that the Q. suber populations studied share a common gene pool. The number of alleles and genotypes and the levels of genetic variability in the study populations, indicate that the Spanish populations are genetically rich. These high levels of genetic variability, coupled with the ecological and economic importance of the species make Q. suber a strong candidate for a gene conservation program.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ElenaRossello, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cabrera, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isozyme variation in natural populations of cork-oak (Quercus suber L) - Population structure, diversity, differentiation and gene flow</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SILVAE GENETICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gene diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gene flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic differentiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic identities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isozymes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">population structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">229 - 235</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic variation of cork-oak (Quercus suber L.) was investigated in 7 Mediterranean populations in Spain using 13 loci from 7 enzyme systems. Quercus suber was found to possess higher values of heterozygosity (H = 0.288 +/- 0.069), percent of polymorphic loci at the 99% criterion (P = 76.9%) and average number of alleles per locus (A = 2.46), than any other oak species. Interpopulation diversity was about 16.9% of the total diversity. The average estimated of Nm based on 10 loci is 2.57, and shows current or recent gene now among populations. Genetic identities among populations were moderate, ranging from I = 0.829 to I = 0.999, and a cluster analysis revealed no patterns related to geography. Our results revealed that the Q. suber populations studied share a common gene pool. The number of alleles and genotypes and the levels of genetic variability in the study populations, indicate that the Spanish populations are genetically rich. These high levels of genetic variability, coupled with the ecological and economic importance of the species make Q. suber a strong candidate for a gene conservation program.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SAUERLANDERS VERLAG</style></notes></record></records></xml>