<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Munzi, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cruz, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branquinho, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinho, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leith, I D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheppard, L J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Can ammonia tolerance amongst lichen functional groups be explained by physiological responses?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental protection policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evernia prunastri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrogen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xanthoria parietina</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ammonia (NH3) empirical critical levels for Europe were re-evaluated in 2009, based mainly on the ecological responses of lichen communities without acknowledging the physiological differences between oligotrophic and nitrophytic species. Here, we compare a nitrogen sensitive lichen (Evernia prunastri) with a nitrogen tolerant one (Xanthoria parietina), focussing on their physiological response (Fv/Fm) to short-term NH3 exposure and their frequency of occurrence along an NH3 field gradient. Both frequency and Fv/Fm of E. prunastri decreased abruptly above 3 μg m(-3) NH3 suggesting direct adverse effects of NH3 on its photosynthetic performance. By contrast, X. parietina increased its frequency with NH3, despite showing decreased capacity of photosystem II above 50 μg m(-3) NH3, suggesting that the ecological success of X. parietina at ammonia-rich sites might be related to indirect effects of increased nitrogen (NH3) availability. These results highlight the need to establish NH3 critical levels based on oligotrophic lichen species.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24485905</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bouaid, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicente, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlorophyll degradation effected by lichen substances</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANNALES BOTANICI FENNICI</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evernia prunastri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lichen phenols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus rotundifolia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNIV HELSINKI P O BOX 17 (P. RAUTATIEKATU 13), FIN-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71-74</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epiphytic lichens can exert some negative actions on trees, since they penetrate to different degrees into several tissues of the phytophore. Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. hyphae progress into xylem vessels of Fagus sylvatica, Quercus pyrenaica and Betula alba. This is on the basis of a mechanism through which Lichens inject metabolic inhibitors in the xylem vessels, and, after their translocation in the xylem sap, they reach different organs of the phytophore and produce defoliation. In this report, we have noted that usnic acid is more impermeant than atranorin through the chloroplast membrane of Quercus rotundifolia leaves. On the other hand, we have also noted the degradation of chlorophyll in response to Lichen substances.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bouaid, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicente, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlorophyll degradation effected by lichen substances</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANNALES BOTANICI FENNICI</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evernia prunastri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lichen phenols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus rotundifolia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71 - 74</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epiphytic lichens can exert some negative actions on trees, since they penetrate to different degrees into several tissues of the phytophore. Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. hyphae progress into xylem vessels of Fagus sylvatica, Quercus pyrenaica and Betula alba. This is on the basis of a mechanism through which Lichens inject metabolic inhibitors in the xylem vessels, and, after their translocation in the xylem sap, they reach different organs of the phytophore and produce defoliation. In this report, we have noted that usnic acid is more impermeant than atranorin through the chloroplast membrane of Quercus rotundifolia leaves. On the other hand, we have also noted the degradation of chlorophyll in response to Lichen substances.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: UNIV HELSINKI P O BOX 17 (P. RAUTATIEKATU 13), FIN-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND&lt;br/&gt;publisher: FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD</style></notes></record></records></xml>