<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blasco, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barra, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brisa, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corredoira, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Segura, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toribio, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arrillaga, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis in holm oak male catkins</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Growth Regulation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adult trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">developmental stage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flow cytometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest biotechnology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">histology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10725-013-9826-3</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">261 - 270</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis (SE) of tree species is the most promising method for the implementation of multivarietal forestry and for biotechnological approaches. To date, however, the application of this technology to mature trees is restricted to a few species. This is the first report on the induction of SE from male catkins of 100-year-old holm oaks (Quercus ilex L.). Embryogenic competence was mainly dependent on genotype and restricted to the most advanced catkin developmental stage with distinguishable closed flowers along the axis. Fol- lowing a three-stage treatment procedure, embryogenic response (frequencies up 3.3 %) was obtained in three [Remedio, Villar del Arzobispo (VA) and Hunde (HU)] out of the five genotypes evaluated. In the culture conditions tested, the preferred protocol to induce SE in holm oak catkins should include: induction on MS medium with 6-benzyladenine and naphthaleneacetic acid, subculture onto medium with a reduced concentration of both plant growth regulators and a final transference to medium without growth regulators. Under these conditions cotyledonary-stage cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos developed from brown calli with or without nodular structures. Secondary SE, favored by the addition of sorbitol to the manifestation medium, allowed the establishment of 14 embryogenic lines belonging to VA and HU genotypes. Histological observations of the proliferating cultures revealed the presence of globular, torpedo and cotyledonary somatic embryos. Somatic embryos were diploid as verified by flow cytometry analysis, suggesting that they originated from the perianthic tissue of the male flower</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiménez, Jesús</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Vela, Dolores</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruiz-Galea, Mar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestino, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toribio, Mariano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alegre, Jesús</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Embryogenic suspensions of adult cork oak: the first step towards mass propagation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">á somatic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">embryogenesis á suspension culture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation á quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suspension culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00468-012-0763-yhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00468-012-0763-y</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13 - 23</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protocols have been established to clone adult cork oak trees by somatic embryogenesis using semisolid medium. However, for economically viable mass propagation, embryogenic cultures in liquid medium need to be developed. In this study, suspension cultures were initiated from embryo clusters obtained by secondary embryogenesis on a gelled medium lacking plant growth regulators. After 6 days of culture, these embryo clusters generated high cell density suspensions that also contained small organized structures (embryos and embryogenic clumps). As the culture duration increased, tissue necrosis and fewer embryogenic structures were observed and the establishment of suspension cultures failed. An alternative method was found adequate for initiation of embryogenic suspensions: embryo clusters from gelled medium were brieﬂy shaken in liquid medium and detached cells and embryogenic masses of 41–800 lm were used as inoculum. Maintenance of embryogenic suspensions was achieved using a low-density inoculum (43 mg l -1 ) by subculturing four embryogenic clumps of 0.8–1.2 mm per 70 ml of medium. Proliferation ability was maintained for almost 1 year through ten consecutive subcultures. The initiation and maintenance protocols ﬁrst developed for a single genotype were effective when tested on 11 cork oak genotypes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El Kbiach, M. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lamarti, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdali, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badoc, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micropropagation of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) by axillary buds</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACTA BOTANICA GALLICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">browning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contaminants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolic compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tissue culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">415 - 427</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The in vitro regeneration from cork oak axillary buds was investigated. Different macronutrient formulas supplemented with MS micronutrients, vitamins and 3% sucrose were tested on shoot multiplication and rooting phases. The WPM macronutrients improved caulogenesis and shoot multiplication. Rooting was achieved on WPM 1/2 macronutrients. Dipping the base of the shoots in an IBA concentrated solution improved the rooting phase. 92% of the rooted plants were successfully potted on horticultural substrate with a high relative humidity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: FACULTE DE PHARMACIE, BP 83, F-59006 LILLE-CEDEX, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SOC BOTANIQUE FRANCE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El Kbiach, M L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lamarti, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdali, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badoc, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micropropagation of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) by axillary buds</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACTA BOTANICA GALLICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">browning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contaminants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolic compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tissue culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOC BOTANIQUE FRANCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FACULTE DE PHARMACIE, BP 83, F-59006 LILLE-CEDEX, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">415-427</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The in vitro regeneration from cork oak axillary buds was investigated. Different macronutrient formulas supplemented with MS micronutrients, vitamins and 3% sucrose were tested on shoot multiplication and rooting phases. The WPM macronutrients improved caulogenesis and shoot multiplication. Rooting was achieved on WPM 1/2 macronutrients. Dipping the base of the shoots in an IBA concentrated solution improved the rooting phase. 92% of the rooted plants were successfully potted on horticultural substrate with a high relative humidity.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romano, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Noronha, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martins-Loução, M a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Role of carbohydrates in micropropagation of cork oak</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant cell, tissue and organ …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon source</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reducing sugars</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rooting</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159-167</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The influences of carbon sources, fructose, glucose, sorbitol and sucrose on shoot proliferation and in vitro rooting of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) were compared at a wide range of concentrations (1-6%, w/v). The highest number of shoots occurred on glucose-containing medium. Nevertheless, we have chosen 3% sucrose which induced a similar rate of proliferation but favoured shoot elongation, permitting an effectively higher number of shoots during transfers. Sorbitol and autoclaved fructose did not stimulate shoot proliferation. Adventitious root formation was strongly dependent on carbohydrate supply. Sorbitol and autoclaved fructose were completely ineffectively on rooting induction. Glucose was the most effective carbon source on rooting promotion followed by sucrose and filter-sterilized fructose. The rooting response induced by fructose was dependent on the sterilizing procedure. The number of adventitious roots produced per shoot increased with increasing glucose and sucrose concentration. The content of reducing sugars in leaves of proliferation cultures and in leaves and roots of rooted plantlets was more dependent on carbon concentration than on glucose or sucrose supplement. The results presented here show that carbohydrate requirements during cork oak micropropagation depend upon the phase of culture. Sucrose (3%) and glucose (4%) were the best carbon sources respectively during proliferation and rooting phases.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romano, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Noronha, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martins-Loução, M a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of in vitro cold storage on surviving and proliferation of cork-oak (Quercus suber L.) cultures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congreso Forestal Español, 14 e 18 Junho de 1993, Lourizán</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cold storage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Germplasm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medium-term storage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork-oak cultures were stored in vitro without na intervening subculture, at 5º C in the dark for 5 months without loosing their capacity to regenerate when subcultured under standard conditions. The viability, proliferation rate and elongation of the explants were evaluated during 5 months of storage. Proliferation rate of stored cultures was observed during 5 months of storage. Proliferation rate of stored cultures was observed during the following 3 profileration cycles and compared to unstored controls of the same age. Shoot cultures survived with 100% viability and the proliferation rate was not statistically different from the controls. The results here described indicate the feasibility of establishing na in vitro active gene bank for Quercus suber.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romano, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martins-Loução, M a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micropropagation of mature cork-oak (Querqus suber L.): establishment problems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientia gerundensis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">browning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contaminants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolic compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tissue culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17-27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Procedures have been developed to standardize the establishment stage during mature cork-oak (Quercus suber L.) micropropagation. Axillary and terminal buds cultured in Gresshof and Doy (1972) (GD) medium were used as first explant. Establishment of cultures was very difficult due to browning of the tissue and/or the medium and bacterial contamination. Browning problems, probably due to phenolic compounds exudation of the primary explant, were found to be higher in winter. Nevertheless, initiation of cultures was possible all over the year, presumably due to the preconditioning of cuttings. Explants were established in a GD medium containing 6-benzlaminopurine (BAP) 1 mgl-1. Every 4 weeks the cultures were subcultured to the same GD medium and induced to proliferate being 4:1 the multiplication rate. Shoots were induced to elongate by decreasing BAP concentration. In vitro rooting on agar-solidified medium suplemented with 1 mgl-1 indolacetic acid (IAA) gave the best results. Liquid medium (sorbarod system) and in vivo rooting were also assayed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manzanera, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pardos, J A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micropropagation of juvenile and adult Quercus suber L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rooting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tissue culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper describes research on the application of tissue culture techniques to the micropropagation of cork oak (Quercus suber L.), a forest species of ecological and industrial importance in the Mediterranean area. Apical buds and nodal stem segments were employed as initial explants. Their origins were young seedlings, stump sprouts and sprouts formed on cuttings collected from old trees. The action of the mineral medium and growth regulators was studied in the multiplication stage. Media with low concentrations of ions, such as Sommer's or Heller's, are more suitable for growth and proliferation of explants than other media richer in salts. It was also observed that cytokinin (BA) must be present for the culture development. Adding low concentrations of auxin (NAA) to the medium improves the multi- plication rate, especially in vegetative material of adult origin. The auxin type is the most important factor in the promotion of rhizogenesis. The method of application determines the quality of the root system. Treatment with low concentrations of IBA added to the rooting medium gives the best results. High sucrose concentration also improves rooting. Diluting the mineral rooting medium is slightly favourable, although there is no significant difference between it and the standard mineral concentration.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TORIBIO, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CELESTINO, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cultivo in vitro del alcornoque</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientia gerundensis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tissue culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11-21</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetative plant propagation is mainly used in the operational line of Forest Tree Improvement Programs to capture all the genetic potential, including the non-additive component of the genetic variance. In the case of genus Quercus, it could be also used to avoid the problems derived from installation and yielding of seed orchards. The tissue culture based micropropagation arises as an alternative technique to solve the problems of space and time associated with the classical techniques of asexual propagation. This article reviews the work done with cork-oak in this field. Up to date there are few papers dealing with in vitro culture of Quercus suher L. Embryo culture has been tryed to determine the minimum requeriments of the species and its morphogenic potential. Plantlet regeneration has been obtained following axillary budding on nodal segments from juvenile and rejuvenated tissues, elongation and rooting of microcuttings. Main problems arise on transplanting soil the neoformed plants. Callus culture has been achieved from cotyledons and epicotyl segments from young seedlings. In booth cases also somatic embryogenesis has been reported. This fact opens a new way for micropropagating cork-oak, which is discussed.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>