<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farina, Almo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pieretti, Nadia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sonic environment and vegetation structure: A methodological approach for a soundscape analysis of a Mediterranean maqui</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological InformaticsEcological Informatics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acoustic Complexity Index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean maqui</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sonotopes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soundscape ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soundtopes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120-132</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herein we present one of the first attempts to couple the complexity of vegetation and topographic features with the sonic environment to understand the distribution of bird species and individuals in their habitat. To achieve this, the sonic features of a bird community were studied during the spring and early summer of 2011 in a Mediterranean maqui located on the western slope of a remote hanging valley that is dominated by Erica arborea, Quercus ilex and Arbutus unedo. Species composition, height, vertical foliage profile, canopy density and dispersion of vegetation were utilized as probable proxies for the sonic patterns. The acoustic activity of birds was collected through the use of a regular matrix of 20 audio recorders, spaced 25m apart, which were placed following the topographic isoclines. The sonic complexity of the soundscape was evaluated using the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), which is a recently developed metric. The PCA applied to the vegetation parameters revealed two principal distinguishing factors, which we were able to define as “vegetation density and structure” and “species segregation.” Moreover, the results show that, even in the case of sampling sites that are very close together, sonic patterns vary across the season, highlighting the great variability of the soundscape and confirming the adequacy of the sampling scale of 25m adopted in this study. The topographic features do not seem to be connected to the sonic environment. The main sonic complexity was found where the vegetation was taller and denser, especially where E. arborea was the dominant species. Although this proves that acoustic dynamics can be linked to vegetation structure, even on a small scale, a consistent element of sonic variability cannot be explained by vegetation patterns alone, and a soundtope hypothesis must be invoked.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Godinho, Carlos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roque, Inês</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marques, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branco, Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabaça, João Eduardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time to rethink the management intensity in a Mediterranean oak woodland: the response of insectivorous birds and leaf-chewing defoliators as key groups in the forest ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montados</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Context The Iberian cork oak Quercus suber montados are dynamic agro-silvo-pastoral systems, contrasting with the abandonment trend of other Mediterranean forested areas. &amp; Aims We aimed to identify the effect of management type and vegetation features on breeding insectivorous birds and leaf-chewing defoliator insects. &amp; Methods In central Portugal, we selected two groups of 20 sites: dense montados (DM, high cover of cork oaks and low cattle impact) and sparse montados (SM, low cover of oaks and high cattle impact). We collected variables associated with vegetation features, bird community and chewing defoliators. &amp; Results The two systems differed significantly in oak trunk diameter, oak and shrub cover, tree and shrub diversity. Ground bird densities were higher in SM with fragmented shrub cover. In DM, higher woody vegetation cover and diversity can promote shrub birds and leaf warblers. Oak defoliation was mainly attributed to the sawfly Periclista andrei. Sawfly defoliation was significantly higher in SM and negatively correlated with shrub cover. &amp; Conclusions Our results highlight (1) the relevance of management activities conducted at the shrubby layer, (2) the need of an increase in tree diversity and density and (3) the maintenance of a mosaic landscape in order to improve the bird community richness and reduce the defoliation impact in montado system.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Figueira, Rui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tavares, Paula C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palma, Luís</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beja, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sérgio, Cecília</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Application of indicator kriging to the complementary use of bioindicators at three trophic levels.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioindicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birds: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryophyta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryophyta: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryophyta: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: instrumentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: statistics &amp; numerical d</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollutants: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollutants: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feathers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feathers: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feathers: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator kriging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercury</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercury: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercury: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mosses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistical</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2689-2696</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of biological indicators is widespread in environmental monitoring, although it has long been recognised that each bioindicator is generally associated with a range of potential limitations and shortcomings. To circumvent this problem, this study adopted the complementary use of bioindicators representing different trophic levels and providing different type of information, in an innovative approach to integrate knowledge and to estimate the overall health state of ecosystems. The approach is illustrated using mercury contamination in primary producers (mosses), primary consumers (domestic pigeons and red-legged partridges) and top predators (Bonelli's eagles) in southern Portugal. Indicator kriging geostatistics was used to identify the areas where mercury concentration was higher than the median for each species, and to produce an index that combines mercury contamination across trophic levels. Spatial patterns of mercury contamination were consistent across species. The combined index provided a new level of information useful in incorporating measures of overall environmental contamination into pollution studies.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19477568</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Figueira, Rui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tavares, Paula C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palma, Luís</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beja, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sérgio, Cecília</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Application of indicator kriging to the complementary use of bioindicators at three trophic levels.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioindicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birds: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryophyta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryophyta: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryophyta: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: instrumentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: statistics &amp; numerical d</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollutants: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollutants: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feathers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feathers: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feathers: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator kriging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercury</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercury: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercury: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mosses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistical</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19477568</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2689 - 2696</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of biological indicators is widespread in environmental monitoring, although it has long been recognised that each bioindicator is generally associated with a range of potential limitations and shortcomings. To circumvent this problem, this study adopted the complementary use of bioindicators representing different trophic levels and providing different type of information, in an innovative approach to integrate knowledge and to estimate the overall health state of ecosystems. The approach is illustrated using mercury contamination in primary producers (mosses), primary consumers (domestic pigeons and red-legged partridges) and top predators (Bonelli's eagles) in southern Portugal. Indicator kriging geostatistics was used to identify the areas where mercury concentration was higher than the median for each species, and to produce an index that combines mercury contamination across trophic levels. Spatial patterns of mercury contamination were consistent across species. The combined index provided a new level of information useful in incorporating measures of overall environmental contamination into pollution studies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 19477568</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherkaoui, Imad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selmi, Slaheddine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boukhriss, Jihen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamid, Rguibi-Idrissi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammed, Dakki</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors affecting bird richness in a fragmented cork oak forest in Morocco</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork Oak Forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fragmentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1146609X08001483</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">197 - 205</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The cork oak forest of Ma’amora in north-western Morocco was the largest cork oak forest in the world until the beginning of the 20th century. Due to growing land use for agriculture and urbanization, however, this forest has become fragmented into relatively small and isolated patches. The effects of this fragmentation on the diversity of wild animal communities have never been investigated despite the importance of such investigations in elaborating longterm conservation plans of the biodiversity of this forest system. In this study of a sample of 44 forest patches we assessed the relationships between species numbers of wintering, breeding and spring migrant birds and patch size, shape, isolation and vegetation structure. We found that species richnesses of the three studied bird assemblages were strongly related to local vegetation structure, namely to the diversity and abundance of trees and bushes. Patches with higher diversity and cover of trees and bushes support higher numbers of bird species. However, patch size, shape and isolation were not signiﬁcant predictors of bird richness. These results suggest that bird communities in the studied forest patches were more likely shaped by local habitat suitability rather than the amount of habitat or patch isolation. The results also demonstrate negative effects of current human pressures, namely logging, grazing and disturbance, on the diversity of bird communities in this forest system. This emphasizes the need for urgent management efforts aiming at reducing the negative impacts of forest use by humans on bird diversity in this forest system</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Masson SAS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherkaoui, Imad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selmi, Slaheddine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boukhriss, Jihen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamid, Rguibi-Idrissi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammed, Dakki</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors affecting bird richness in a fragmented cork oak forest in Morocco</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork Oak Forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fragmentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Masson SAS</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">197-205</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The cork oak forest of Ma’amora in north-western Morocco was the largest cork oak forest in the world until the beginning of the 20th century. Due to growing land use for agriculture and urbanization, however, this forest has become fragmented into relatively small and isolated patches. The effects of this fragmentation on the diversity of wild animal communities have never been investigated despite the importance of such investigations in elaborating longterm conservation plans of the biodiversity of this forest system. In this study of a sample of 44 forest patches we assessed the relationships between species numbers of wintering, breeding and spring migrant birds and patch size, shape, isolation and vegetation structure. We found that species richnesses of the three studied bird assemblages were strongly related to local vegetation structure, namely to the diversity and abundance of trees and bushes. Patches with higher diversity and cover of trees and bushes support higher numbers of bird species. However, patch size, shape and isolation were not signiﬁcant predictors of bird richness. These results suggest that bird communities in the studied forest patches were more likely shaped by local habitat suitability rather than the amount of habitat or patch isolation. The results also demonstrate negative effects of current human pressures, namely logging, grazing and disturbance, on the diversity of bird communities in this forest system. This emphasizes the need for urgent management efforts aiming at reducing the negative impacts of forest use by humans on bird diversity in this forest system</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brotons, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrando, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors affecting bird communities in fragments of secondary pine forests in the north-western Mediterranean basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fragmentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isolation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean mosaics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation structure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21-31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We assessed the influence of size, extent of isolation and vegetation structure of secondary forest fragments on the richness and species composition of breeding bird communities in a sample of pine forest fragments surrounded by an agricultural matrix in the north-western Mediterranean basin. Fragment size was the main predictor of bird's occurrence, since it accounted for 70 % of the model variation. Isolation was also a valuable predictor of species occurrence, especially for forest specialists. Finally, subarboreal vegetation such as holm oak and a well-developed tree layer of large pines favoured forest species occurrence. Therefore, in spite of the long history of human impact, forest birds in Mediterranean mosaics are sensitive to both habitat loss and isolation of remnant patches in a similar manner to the patterns found in other temperate fragmented landscapes where human impact is more recent. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brotons, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrando, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors affecting bird communities in fragments of secondary pine forests in the north-western Mediterranean basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fragmentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isolation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean mosaics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation structure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21 - 31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We assessed the influence of size, extent of isolation and vegetation structure of secondary forest fragments on the richness and species composition of breeding bird communities in a sample of pine forest fragments surrounded by an agricultural matrix in the north-western Mediterranean basin. Fragment size was the main predictor of bird's occurrence, since it accounted for 70 % of the model variation. Isolation was also a valuable predictor of species occurrence, especially for forest specialists. Finally, subarboreal vegetation such as holm oak and a well-developed tree layer of large pines favoured forest species occurrence. Therefore, in spite of the long history of human impact, forest birds in Mediterranean mosaics are sensitive to both habitat loss and isolation of remnant patches in a similar manner to the patterns found in other temperate fragmented landscapes where human impact is more recent. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chabi, Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benyacoub, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banbura, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Egg-size variation in Algerian populations of the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus ultramarinus): Effects of altitude and habitat</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REVUE D ECOLOGIE-LA TERRE ET LA VIE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">calcium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">egg sizes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat contrast</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shelled snails</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tits</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57 RUE CUVIER, 75005 PARIS 5, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183-192</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Egg-size, as a component of life history, is expected to be traded-off with other components and, consequently, to display a pattern of variation between different habitats and altitudes. Relevant data being very scarcely available for just a few bird species caused us to study interhabitat and interaltitude variation in egg dimensions and mass in the Blue Tit Parus caeruleus ultramarinus, taking the advantage of the occurrence of this species in a variety of habitats and at different altitudes in North Africa (north-eastern Algeria). In 1991-1993 we selected 6 study sites representing two types of habitat (rich deciduous forests dominated by Alnus glutinosa and Quercus faginea vs poor evergreen forests of Quercus suber) at three elevations (30 m asl, 500 m als and 900-1 000 m asl). We analysed both multiple response variables characterizing egg dimensions and individual egg traits. Eggs turned out to differ between altitudes (the lowest elevation against the two higher ones) but did not differ between habitats. They also display relatively high within-clutch repeatabilities, 0.6 on average for all traits. Egg traits were not significantly correlated with clutch-size within study stations, but the analysis of a bivariate response variable composed of egg volume and clutch-size suggested that these components of life history were negatively linked. Moreover, this bivariate response variable differed both between habitats and altitudes.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debussche, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isenmann, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MEDITERRANEAN BIRD DISPERSER ASSEMBLAGE - COMPOSITION AND PHENOLOGY IN RELATION TO FRUIT AVAILABILITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REVUE D ECOLOGIE-LA TERRE ET LA VIE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dispersal system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen woodlands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">411 - 432</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study deals with a fleshy-fruited plant-bird dispersal system at a site in Mediterranean France, characterized by Quercus ilex coppices, shrublands and old fields. Among the 19 bird dispersers recorded, 14 were of small size (&lt; 25 g), with Sylvia atricapilla, Erithacus rubecula and S. melanocephala accounting for 86.6 % of those caught in mist nets. The importance of small-sized dispersers seems to characterize the Mediterranean shrublands and evergreen woodlands in the whole of the temperate systems. The highest numbers of dispersers occurred from October to January. The seeds of 38 fleshy-fuited plants (native, cultivated and alien) were collected in seed traps. Seed rain occurred throughout the year except in May, with a maximum fruiting period extending from September to early December and the greatest number of native species being dispersed in October. When we compare our data to those collected in Spain, England and Sweden a shift of the peak of fruit availability in relation to latitude (the higher the latitude the earlier the peak) is very likely in Europe. Such a shift is obvious in the United States. We suggest that 1) this shift is the result of climatic constraints on plants rather than that of the selective pressures of dispersers, and 2) that the coincidence between high fruit availability and dispersers' abundance can simply result from the opportunist behaviour of frugivorous birds.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keys: APSKeys: APSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 57 RUE CUVIER, 75005 PARIS 5, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE</style></notes></record></records></xml>