<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bussotti, Filippo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrini, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollastrini, Martina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fini, Alessio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The challenge of Mediterranean sclerophyllous vegetation under climate change: From acclimation to adaptation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and Experimental Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global warming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UV radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation shift</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847213001421</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">103</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80 - 98</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forecasting models for climate change in southern Europe differ from those proposed for central and northern regions mainly with regard to precipitation. In fact, a strong reduction in average rainfall, mainly caused by decrease frequency of rainy events, is believe to occur in the Mediterranean basin in the forthcoming hundred years. Increased frequency of drought events will be paralleled and exacerbated by warming. Differently from areas where plant growth is limited by sub-optimal temperature (i.e. boreal and most temperate forests) and where warming has been reported to increase carbon assimilation and growth, plants growing in the Mediterranean basin are currently near their temperature optimum, and warming may contribute (e.g. with drought) to impair photosynthesis and depress growth and survival. Rising atmospheric CO2 has been found to increase growth, photosynthesis water use efficiency, and may partially alleviate the deleterious effects of warming and drought. However, in areas where severe and prolonged drought episodes occur, severe photoinhibition and metabolic limitation to photosynthesis may prevent Mediterranean sclerophylls to take advantage of higher atmospheric CO2, and may slow down recovery after the end of the dry season. The most sensitive forest types consist in tree species which are, in the Mediterranean basin, at the southernmost limit of their distribution range. In contrast, thermophilous trees are expected to have a greater diffusion both in southern and central Europe, as winter cold stress will be reduced by warming. Yet due to great variability of ecological features, the alleged substitution of tree species can follow a natural pattern from south to north and from low to high altitudes, without considering obstacles deriving from urbanization. For these reasons, research on the performance and ecologic plasticity of different genotypes, on species selection, and on planting and management techniques can have strategic importance for adaptive forest management.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, Lucía</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eugenio, Màrcia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granzow-de la Cerda, Íñigo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lloret, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling emergence and growth of Quercus spp. following severe drought effects on a Pinus sylvestris canopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canopy gap</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extreme climatic episode</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus sylvestris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus humilis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation shift</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01485.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n/a - n/a</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questions We addressed the following questions: (1) did defoliation and die-off of the dominant Pinus sylvestris, induced by an extreme drought episode, favour emergence of other tree species; (2) did the defoliated canopies of P. sylvestris resulting from drought promote radial growth among other pre-existing tree species seedlings under them? Location P. sylvestris forest in Central Pyrenees (NE Spain) affected by a severe drought in 2004–2005. Methods Despite increased focus on climate-related forest die-off, studies of the effects on regeneration processes following extreme drought remain scarce. We analysed whether an episode of drought-induced mortality on the dominant P. sylvestris L. may act as a driver of vegetation shift. Seedlings of Quercus humilis Mill. and Q. ilex L. from 27 plots were sampled under P. sylvestris canopies with &lt;50% and ≥50% defoliation (standing dead trees included) to determine age distribution and radial growth using a retrospective, dendrochronological approach. Results Drought-induced canopy losses appear not to be compensated by regeneration of P. sylvestris. Recruitment of below-canopy tree species (specifically Q. humilis and Q. ilex) that could potentially become dominant was high in the entire studied area. However, the spatial patterns of Quercus spp. regeneration following the 2004–2005 drought were complex. While the emergence of new Quercus spp. seedlings was reduced under open, drought-induced canopies, growth of seedlings already established was favoured in open-canopy conditions. Conclusions Although the effects of extreme drought events may disfavour the establishment of new recruits, enhanced growth responses of a pre-established seedling bank could still contribute to accelerate forest dynamics under drier conditions. Because of the predicted increases in intensity and frequency of extreme droughts, monitoring studies are key to elucidate whether the initial patterns observed will be maintained in the long term, eventually leading to a vegetation shift.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>