<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Sampaio e Paiva Camilo-Alves, Constança</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clara, MariaIvoneEsteves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almeida Ribeiro, NunoManuelCabral</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decline of Mediterranean oak trees and its association with Phytophthora cinnamomi: a review</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pathogenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree decline</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-013-0688-z</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">411 - 432</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mortality events in cork and holm oaks have occurred in the Mediterranean basin since the beginning of the XX century, but severity of decline increased during the 1980s. By that time, the exotic soil borne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi was often recovered from declining stands and since then it has been considered the main factor associated with decline. This work analyses data concerning P. cinnamomi surveys in cork and holm oaks trees, pathogenicity tests carried out in controlled experiments, studies about the influence of site characteristics in tree decline and approaches to control the disease. Results of field surveys showed that the pathogen is widespread and pathogenicity tests suggested that host susceptibility to the pathogen is moderate when seedlings are in appropriate watering conditions, particularly cork oaks. Occurrence of decline is also associated with soil characteristics that interfere with root expansion and water retention. We assessed the relative importance of each factor involved in decline and revised the role of P. cinnamomi in cork and holm oak decline.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Springer-Verlag</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coll, Marta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ninyerola, Miquel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pons, Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carnicer, Jofre</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multivariate effect gradients driving forest demographic responses in the Iberian Peninsula</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest demography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantile modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112713002168</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">303</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195 - 209</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A precise knowledge of forest demographic gradients in the Mediterranean area is essential to assess future impacts of climate change and extreme drought events. Here we studied the geographical patterns of forest demography variables (tree recruitment, growth and mortality) of the main species in Spain and assessed their multiple ecological drivers (climate, topography, soil, forest stand attributes and tree-spe- cific traits) as well as the geographical variability of their effects and interactions. Quantile modeling analyses allowed a synthetic description of the gradients of multiple covariates influencing forest demog- raphy in this area. These multivariate effect gradients showed significantly stronger interactions at the extremes of the rainfall gradient. Remarkably, in all demographic variables, qualitatively different levels of effects and interactions were observed across tree-size classes. In addition, significant differences in demographic responses and effect gradients were also evident between the dominant genus Quercus and Pinus. Quercus species presented significantly higher percentage of plots colonized by new recruits, whereas in Pinus recruitment limitation was significantly higher. Contrasting positive and negative growth responses to temperature were also observed in Quercus and Pinus, respectively. Overall, our results synthesize forest demographic responses across climatic gradients in Spain, and unveil the inter- actions between driving factors operating in the drier and wetter edges.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, Juli G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, Paulo M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-fire response variability in Mediterranean Basin tree species in Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">broadleaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">top-kill</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildfire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">919 - 932</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire is the most important natural disturbance driving vegetation dynamics in the Mediterranean Basin. However, studies relating fire-induced tree responses to both fire severity and plant traits are still scarce in this region. We aimed to investigate such relationships further and to develop simple models that could help improve forest management in these fire-prone ecosystems. We compiled data from 16 fire sites in different regions and used models to relate post-fire responses of 4155 trees from 14 species with fire severity indicators and tree characteristics. The influence of several spatiotemporal factors at the site level was also considered. Results showed that pine mortality was usually high and mainly determined by fire severity, whereas plant traits played a minor role. In contrast, mortality of broadleaved trees was usually low, even for high-severity fire, but most trees were top-killed. Stem mortality increased with fire severity and decreased with bark thickness and tree size. The models for predicting individual mortality of pines and stem mortality of broadleaves showed very good performance, including when validated against independent datasets. Our results suggest that it is possible to accurately predict the most common post-fire responses of Mediterranean species based on simple fire and tree characteristics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Vilalta, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lloret, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought-Induced Multifactor Decline of Scots Pine in the Pyrenees and Potential Vegetation Change by the Expansion of Co-occurring Oak Species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canopy defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mistletoe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pinus sylvestris l</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scots pine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil properties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stand Structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer water availability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water availability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10021-010-9368-8http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10021-010-9368-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978 - 991</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1002101093</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Episodes of drought-induced tree dieback have been recently observed in many forest areas of the world, particularly at the dry edge of species distributions. Under climate change, those effects could signal potential vegetation shifts occurring over large geographical areas, with major impacts on ecosystem form and function. In this article, we studied the effect of a single drought episode, which occurred in summer 2005, on a Scots pine population in central Pyrenees (NE Spain). Our main objective was to study the environmental correlates of forest decline and vegetation change at the plot level. General and generalized linear models were used to study the relationship between canopy defoliation, mortality and recruitment, and plot characteristics. A droughtdriven multifactor dieback was observed in the study forest. Defoliation and mortality were associated with the local level of drought stress estimated at each plot. In addition, stand structure, soil properties, and mistletoe infection were also associated with the observed pattern of defoliation, presumably acting as long-term predisposing factors. Recruitment of Scots pine was low in all plots. In contrast, we observed abundant recruitment of other tree species, mostlyQuercus ilexand Q. humilis, particularly in plots where Scots pine showed high defoliation and mortality. These results suggest that an altitudinal upwards migration of Quercusspecies, mediated by the dieback of the currently dominant species, may take place in the studied slopes. Many rear-edge populations of Scots pine sheltered in the mountain environments of the Iberian Peninsula could be at risk under future climate scenarios.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, Inês</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acácio, Vanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Joaquim Sande</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A conceptual model of sprouting responses in relation to fire damage: an example with cork oak (Quercus suber L.) trees in Southern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">apical dominance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resource allocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">severity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11258-008-9476-0</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77 - 85</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The sprouting response types of 1,151 cork oak (Quercus suber) trees one and half years after a wildﬁre in southern Portugal were characterised. It was hypothesised that different response types should occur according to the following conceptual model: an increased level of damage (ﬁre severity) on a sprouting tree that suffered a crown ﬁre was expected to be reﬂected in a sequence of four alternative events, namely (a) resprouting exclusively from crown, (b) simultaneous resprouting from crown and base, (c) resprouting exclusively from base and (d) plant death. To assess whether the level of expected damage was inﬂuenced by the level of protection from disturbance, we explored the relationships between response types and tree size, bark thickness and cork stripping, using an informationtheoretic approach. The more common response type was crown resprouting (68.8% of the trees), followed by plant death (15.8%), simultaneous resprouting from crown and base (10.1%) and basal resprouting (5.3%). In agreement with the conceptual model, trees which probably suffered a higher level of damage by ﬁre (larger trees with thinner bark; exploited for cork) died or resprouted exclusively from base. On the other hand, trees that were well protected (smaller trees with thicker bark not exploited for cork) were able to rebuild their canopy through crown resprouting. Simultaneous resprouting from the crown and base was determined mainly by tree size, and it was more common in smaller trees.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FUENTES, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valdecantos, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORTINA, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, V. R. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling performance in sewage sludge-amended degraded Mediterranean woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus halepensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salinity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sewage sludge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092585740700170X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">281 - 291</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biosolids have been widely used for land reclamation, but information on their use in restoration, i.e., on less degraded areas, is scarce. Biosolids may be used to restore forest ecosystems by fostering tree establishment in degraded shrublands. Detailed knowledge on the effects of biosolid application is needed to optimize such practice. We evaluated the effect of different rates (0, 7.5 and 14.5 kg dry weight per plant) and types of biosolid application on the performance of Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex seedlings, and operational costs. Biosolids increased seedling mortality in both species, particularly when seedlings were planted in direct contact with them. Mortality mostly occurred during the ﬁrst year, and was probably favored by soil shrinking and salinity. Foliar and needle nitrogen concentration increased with biosolid rate in the short term, but biosolids affected negatively (P. halepensis), or had no effect (Q. ilex) on phosphorus and potassium concentration. Biosolids had a positive effect on P. halepensis growth, and a negative effect on Q. ilex growth at the highest rate when seedlings were in contact with biosolids. Cost of this type of biosolid application approximately doubled plantation cost, but were similar or cheaper that landﬁll disposal of biosolids. The lowest application rate showed the best balance between seedling response and costs for P. halepensis, whereas biosolid use cannot be recommended for Q. ilex.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, Francisco Castro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, Miguel Nuno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, Tito</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Joaquim Sande</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of fire on tree survival and regeneration in a Mediterranean ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-ﬁre recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112706007614</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">234</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal is the only European Mediterranean country where the annual average burnt area has increased in the last two decades. Although forest ﬁres at national level annually represent very important losses, few studies evaluated the mortality and the capacity of auto-regeneration of the different tree species in burnt areas. After a wildﬁre that occurred in September 2003, we started a research project in a public protected area in central west Portugal. The main goal of this study, still ongoing, is to evaluate the post-ﬁre regeneration capacity of different tree species occurring in the country. We expect to quantify the survival/mortality rates of selected tree species in relation to variables such as ﬁre severity, tree height and diameter, and evaluate species regeneration strategies as well as their growth rates after ﬁre disturbance. In this study 667 trees from 11 species were selected for monitoring, namely: Castanea sativa, Crataegus monogyna, Eucalyptus globulus, Fraxinus angustifolia, Olea europaea var. sylvestris, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea, Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus coccifera, Quercus faginea and Quercus suber. Results obtained two springs after ﬁre, show that almost all broadleaved trees (9 species) survived to the ﬁre. Contrarily, the majority of coniferous trees died after the ﬁre. Despite the very low mortality observed in broadleaved trees, most of them did not regenerate from the crown, but only from the base, trunk or roots, which means that the recovering process will be much slower. Exceptions to this were cork oak and eucalyptus. Within native species, Quercus suber is by far the most resilient to ﬁre. For most part of the monitored tree species, which resprouted from the base of the trunk, Eucalyptus globulus was the one that recovered faster, followed by Fraxinus angustifolia and Quercus faginea.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Broncano, M. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retana, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Topography and forest composition affecting the variability in fire severity and post-fire regeneration occurring after a large fire in the Mediterranean basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-fire regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">209 - 216</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study relates the spatial variability in tree regeneration generated by fire with topography and pre-fire vegetation composition, and analyses how the pattern of fire severities determines post-fire regeneration of the dominant tree species (Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex) in a large fire that occurred in north-eastern Spain in summer 1994. At the fire level, the proportion of the different fire severities in the burned area was characteristic of large fires that burn with high severity. At the level of plot, the variability of fire severity in the study site depended on two topographic characteristics: elevation and aspect. Plots burned with high fire severity were distributed at higher altitude than less severely burned plots, which were mainly distributed in south- and east-facing slopes. Fire severity also increased with Q. ilex density in the stand. The mosaic of fire severities determined both plant mortality and seedling regeneration. Mortality of stems caused by fire was very high in both species, but many Q. ilex individuals resprouted after fire. Seedling regeneration of P. halepensis showed large differences among plots in the burned area, reflecting large spatial variability due to the elevation gradient, the variation in density of adult pine trees, and the spatial variability created by fire.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: C S I R O PUBLISHING</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López, B. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabate, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gracia, C. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thinning effects on carbon allocation to fine roots in a Quercus ilex forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">longevity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">production</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/17/1217.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1217 - 1224</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dynamics of the fine root system are relevant to calculations of the carbon balance of the ecosystem, and there is also a need to quantify changes in this component caused by disturbances. Mediterranean forest systems have historically been coppiced to obtain charcoal. As a result of the resprouting capacity of holm oaks (Quercus ilex L.), these forests present more than 50% of their biomass below ground (stump + roots &gt; 1 cm in diameter), but the effects of thinning on the fine root system are unknown. Fine root biomass, production, mortality and longevity were studied in a control and a thinned Mediterranean holm oak forest by minirhizotron methodology. Observations of fine roots started 2 years after thinning and continued for almost 3 years. Extraction of 80% of the former basal area of the forest greatly affected carbon allocation patterns. Biomass increased by more than 100%, production increased by 76%, mortality increased by 32% and longevity decreased by around 2 weeks. The greatest differences between treatments were associated with differences in growth during autumn months in the top 40 cm of soil, particularly between 10 and 20 cm depth.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/23.17.121710.1093/treephys/23.17.1217</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Figueroa, M. E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlorophyll fluorescence, stress and survival in populations of Mediterranean grassland species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fv/Fm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photo-inhibition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photochemical efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosystem II</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2307/3237033/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">881 - 888</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosynthetic stress in response to a natural episode of frost and seasonal drought was assessed in a ‘dehesa’ grassland of SW Spain with a portable fluorimeter. Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of dark-adapted leaves of 11 abundant species of Mediterranean grassland were measured over the course of a growing season from November 1992 to July 1993. Concomitant changes in population size were estimated from censuses of permanent quadrats. There was a general decline in the photochemical efficiency (F v /Fm ) during the growing season and this was particularly evident late in the growing season (spring and early summer) when ambient temperatures were increasing rapidly and rainfall was low; it coincided with the period of most intense mortality for most species. A frost in early March (– 5 °C), when photosynthetically active radiation was relatively high, resulted in a small decrease in F v /Fm that was consistent across many species. The mechanisms of protection in species of Mediterranean grassland appear to be sufficiently effective to avoid damage to PSII for most of the year. For most species there was little evidence of photosystem II damage, as initial fluorescence (F 0 ) usually did not increase. Many of the effects observed were due to a reduction in Fm and thus were consistent with non-photochemical quenching. This could be adaptive in protecting PSII from damage in species that show little evidence of stress. The sharp increase in stress toward the end of the life cycle coincided with the fall in net population size.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record></records></xml>