<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porto, Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, Otilia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beja, Pedro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimization of Landscape Services under Uncoordinated Management by Multiple Landowners</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLOS ONE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire risk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fuel management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landwoners</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-ecology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscapes are often patchworks of private properties, where composition and configuration patterns result from cumulative effects of the actions of multiple landowners. Securing the delivery of services in such multi-ownership landscapes is challenging, because it is difficult to assure tight compliance to spatially explicit management rules at the level of individual properties, which may hinder the conservation of critical landscape features. To deal with these constraints, a multi-objective simulation-optimization procedure was developed to select non-spatial management regimes that best meet landscape-level objectives, while accounting for uncoordinated and uncertain response of individual landowners to management rules. Optimization approximates the non-dominated Pareto frontier, combining a multi-objective genetic algorithm and a simulator that forecasts trends in landscape pattern as a function of management rules implemented annually by individual landowners. The procedure was demonstrated with a case study for the optimum scheduling of fuel treatments in cork oak forest landscapes, involving six objectives related to reducing management costs (1), reducing fire risk (3), and protecting biodiversity associated with mid-and late-successional understories (2). There was a trade-off between cost, fire risk and biodiversity objectives, that could be minimized by selecting management regimes involving ca. 60% of landowners clearing the understory at short intervals (around 5 years), and the remaining managing at long intervals (ca. 75 years) or not managing. The optimal management regimes produces a mosaic landscape dominated by stands with herbaceous and low shrub understories, but also with a satisfactory representation of old understories, that was favorable in terms of both fire risk and biodiversity. The simulation-optimization procedure presented can be extended to incorporate a wide range of landscape dynamic processes, management rules and quantifiable objectives. It may thus be adapted to other socio-ecological systems, particularly where specific patterns of landscape heterogeneity are to be maintained despite imperfect management by multiple landowners.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carmo, Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casimiro, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaz, Pedro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use and topography influences on wildfire occurrence in northern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire risk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selection patterns</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169204611000028</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">169 - 176</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding the spatial patterns of wildﬁre ignition and spread has important implications for landscape planning for reducing ﬁre hazard. In this paper we characterise the patterns of wildﬁre occurrence in 3 regions of northern Portugal, using selection ratio functions to evaluate the ﬁre proneness of different land cover and topographic categories. For attaining this objective we characterised 1382 wildﬁres larger than 5 ha, which occurred in the years 1990–1991, according to land cover (10 categories), slope (5 categories) and aspect (5 categories) within which they occurred. For each ﬁre, the use of the different land cover and topographic categories was compared with availability in a surrounding buffer. For land cover, ﬁre proneness was much higher in shrublands, whereas agricultural areas and agro-forestry systems where less likely to burn. In terms of slope, steep slopes were more prone to ﬁre. Differences in land cover in the different slope categories contributed to this result, although there was an overall slope effect on the ﬁre proneness of all land cover types. In terms of aspect, only ﬂat areas were less ﬁre prone. Finally, there were regional variations in land cover susceptibility to ﬁre, but these did not occur for slope or aspect. In terms of landscape planning these results suggest that the more effective fuel breaks should be implemented in areas with agricultural crops in ﬂat slopes</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Limón, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, J V L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in use and landscape preferences on the agricultural-livestock landscapes of the central Iberian Peninsula (Madrid, Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and urban planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">changes in use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape preferences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual simulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">165-175</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The abandonment of traditional uses over the last 60 years of the dehesa landscapes of the central Iberian Peninsula is leading to an increase in trees and bushes and to a big change in the structure of these landscapes. We studied one of these cases, comparing four different points in time of the ecological succession (years: 1930, 1957, 1995 and 2010) which were from photorealistic simulations represented by digitally treated photographs. Different groups of users (livestock farmers, managers and recreationists) have different landscape preferences. The livestock farmers tend to prefer open landscapes, in comparison to the recreationists and managers who show a preference for landscapes with denser vegetation. These differences could be related to certain cultural components or expectations with regard to uses on these landscapes. The relationships between landscape preferences, expected uses on the territory and environmental goods and services should be taken into account in the context of an environmental planning involving participation and democracy.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>