<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olea, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viguera, F J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Levels of bioelements and their relation to the ruminants ' needs in the most important pasture-plant species of the wooded dehesa ( grazing-land ) in the south-west of Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dynamics and sustainability of Mediterranean pastoral systems . CIHEAM, (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 39)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annual pasture plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grass quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean pasture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CIHEAM</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaragoza</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">251-255</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">- The Trifolium subterraneum and Orithopus compressus species, together are considered the most important pasture plants (pratenses) with the gramineae group of the wooded 'dehesa' of Edremadura. In the present paper 5 representative &quot;dehesas&quot; (pasture lands) of the south-west of the province of Badajoz (200,000 ha) are studied over a period of two agricultural years (1 993-94 and 94-95). Soils and plants were analysed every fortnight approximately, from Autumn until the end of Spring. Samples of plants from the different plots were taken to check the proportions of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Climatologically two different weather conditions were studied, a year of almost average rainfall and another of extreme drought. The minimum values for these 5 elements were revised. The Nitrogen proportion in both leguminous species was above the required minimum level (even in dry grass), for the ruminant feeding (over 1.5% and up to 3.5% in January and February), whereas there was a deficiency of Nitrogen in the gramineae group from April on. Regarding Phosphorus, as the plant becomes mature a decrease is noted, which was stressed in the final months of the cycle; all the dehesas studied except Manpolín reached lower rates than the minimum required (0.20%). The potassium evolved in a similar way that of P, although deficiencies (minimum 0.60%) arose only in Campos de Oliva. Its behaviour was similar in both years. Calcium had a similar behaviour in all the dehesas studied along the vegetative cycle. It was always above the minimum level (0.30%) in the gramineae from April on in both years. Magensium results were similar to those of Calcium</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, Isabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sterling, Agustina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, E F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-species pattern analysis of Mediterranean pastures in three stages of ecological succession</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean pasture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pattern analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">principal components analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-species patterns were analyzed in three stages of ecological succession in oligotrophic pastures in Central Spain using a new method of analysis. The method is based on plotting the species coordinates of principal components analysis undertaken at different block sizes. It allows the detection of any heterogenei- ty present and reveals both microtopographical and macrotopographical trends in species patterns.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casado, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miguel, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sterling, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peco, B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Production and spatial structure of Mediterranean pastures in different stages of ecological succession</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbivore consumption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean pasture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">slope geomorphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial structure of phytomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75-86</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this paper is to describe the changes of Mediterranean pasture phytomass and their dependence on succession, slope geomorphology and herbivore consumption. Four neighbouring slopes of similar aspect and steepness, located in a pasture area of Central Spain, were chosen for sampling. The slopes had not been cultivated for 1, 3, 8 and 40 years respectively. On each slope both the upper, erosion zone and the lower, accumulation zone were sampled during the months of plant growth (April to July), phytomass being record- ed in plots where herbivore consumption was avoided with protection cages and in unprotected plots. Results from the protected plots show that the upper and lower parts of slopes undergo a different develop- ment during succession. The highest values of phytomass reached, tended to decrease during succession in the upper zones, the same being true for production. However in the lower zones both parameters tended to increase in time. The ratio P/B, widely known in ecology to decrease with time, did not seem to behave as a usual index of succession in the studied ecosystem. In the upper zone this ratio tended to decrease but in the lower zone it increased with succession after the first years. Phytomass consumption by herbivores was progressively concentrated during succession in the slope sec- tors of greater production, mainly in the lower zone, which increased its productivity as the slope-talweg sys- tem became functional. The evolution of the ecological structure of a slope should be interpreted not only as a result of the tolerance of species to phsysico-chemical factors. It may also reveal the existence of an im- portant interaction between the pasture and the grazing behaviour of exploiting animals. Multivariate analy- sis of phytomass records revealed a trend of temporal variation which should be identified with the progress</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sal, A Gomez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miguel, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casado, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pineda, F D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Successional changes in the morphology and ecological responses of a grazed pasture ecosystem in Central Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem exploitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbivore</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean pasture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33-43</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphological characteristics related to spatial occupation, reproduction and adaptations to grazing were used to characterize the most frequent species in a therophytic pastureland of Central Spain. Periodic ploughing is a traditional practice in these pastures and allows observation of successional change. In the present study, four neighbouring slopes of differing time since last ploughing were chosen. Species biomass was measured at different times during the annual growing season for two different slope positions. Grazing pressure is an important environmental factor affecting ecosystem organization, the most palata- ble plants tending to show increasing biomass with succession. In the most mature stages, there is a predomi- nance of species characterized by horizontal occupation of space and sprouting after mowing or grazing. During succession segregation of the different morphological characteristics occurs in slope sectors related to geomorphological dynamics. Similarly, phenological development tends to be later in pastures in the lowest slope zones, due probably to their greater summer soil moisture content.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>