<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cools, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vesterdal, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Vos, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanguelova, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hansen, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vos, B. De</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species is the major factor explaining C:N ratios in European forest soils</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest floor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICP forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mineral soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrogen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112713004155http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112713004155</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">311</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The C:N ratio is considered as an indicator of nitrate leaching in response to high atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. However, the C:N ratio is influenced by a multitude of other site-related factors. This study aimed to unravel the factors determining C:N ratios of forest floor, mineral soil and peat top soils in more than 4000 plots of the ICP Forests large-scale monitoring network. The first objective was to quantify forest floor, mineral and peat soil C:N ratios across European forests. Secondly we determined the main factors explaining this C:N ratio using a boosted regression tree analysis (BRT), including fifteen site and environmental variables. Ninety-five percent of the C:N ratios were between 16 and 44 in the forest floor, between 13 and 44 in the peat topsoil and between 10 and 32 in the mineral topsoil. Within the aerated forest floor and the mineral soil, the C:N ratios decreased with depth, while in the hydromorphic forest floor and the peats no clear trend with depth was observed. Tree species was clearly the most important explanatory variable for the C:N ratio in both forest floors and topsoils, while it was soil type in the deeper mineral soil layers. The lowest C:N ratios both in the forest floor and the top mineral soil were found in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.) stands, both N fixing tree species. While in the forest floor the highest C:N ratios were found in evergreen species like pine, cork oak (Quercus suber L.) and eucalyptus, the pine species and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) showed the highest C:N ratios in the mineral soil. The second most important explanatory variable in the forest floor and mineral topsoil was the biogeographical zoning (ecoregion). In the peat topsoil and in the deeper mineral soil layers it was the humus type. Deposition and climatic variables were of minor importance at the European scale. Further analysis for eight main forest tree species individually, showed that the influence of environmental variables on C:N ratios was tree species dependent. For Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Miller) and holm oak (Quercus ilex L.), both with a typical Mediterranean distribution, the relationship between N and S deposition and C:N ratio appeared to be positive. This study suggests that applying C:N ratios as a general indicator of the N status in forests at the European level, without explicitly accounting for tree species, is too simplistic and may result in misleading conclusions.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, Francisco Castro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, Miguel Nuno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, Tito</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Joaquim Sande</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of fire on tree survival and regeneration in a Mediterranean ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-ﬁre recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">234</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S197</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal is the only European Mediterranean country where the annual average burnt area has increased in the last two decades. Although forest ﬁres at national level annually represent very important losses, few studies evaluated the mortality and the capacity of auto-regeneration of the different tree species in burnt areas. After a wildﬁre that occurred in September 2003, we started a research project in a public protected area in central west Portugal. The main goal of this study, still ongoing, is to evaluate the post-ﬁre regeneration capacity of different tree species occurring in the country. We expect to quantify the survival/mortality rates of selected tree species in relation to variables such as ﬁre severity, tree height and diameter, and evaluate species regeneration strategies as well as their growth rates after ﬁre disturbance. In this study 667 trees from 11 species were selected for monitoring, namely: Castanea sativa, Crataegus monogyna, Eucalyptus globulus, Fraxinus angustifolia, Olea europaea var. sylvestris, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea, Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus coccifera, Quercus faginea and Quercus suber. Results obtained two springs after ﬁre, show that almost all broadleaved trees (9 species) survived to the ﬁre. Contrarily, the majority of coniferous trees died after the ﬁre. Despite the very low mortality observed in broadleaved trees, most of them did not regenerate from the crown, but only from the base, trunk or roots, which means that the recovering process will be much slower. Exceptions to this were cork oak and eucalyptus. Within native species, Quercus suber is by far the most resilient to ﬁre. For most part of the monitored tree species, which resprouted from the base of the trunk, Eucalyptus globulus was the one that recovered faster, followed by Fraxinus angustifolia and Quercus faginea.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, Francisco Castro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, Miguel Nuno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, Tito</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Joaquim Sande</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of fire on tree survival and regeneration in a Mediterranean ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-ﬁre recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112706007614</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">234</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal is the only European Mediterranean country where the annual average burnt area has increased in the last two decades. Although forest ﬁres at national level annually represent very important losses, few studies evaluated the mortality and the capacity of auto-regeneration of the different tree species in burnt areas. After a wildﬁre that occurred in September 2003, we started a research project in a public protected area in central west Portugal. The main goal of this study, still ongoing, is to evaluate the post-ﬁre regeneration capacity of different tree species occurring in the country. We expect to quantify the survival/mortality rates of selected tree species in relation to variables such as ﬁre severity, tree height and diameter, and evaluate species regeneration strategies as well as their growth rates after ﬁre disturbance. In this study 667 trees from 11 species were selected for monitoring, namely: Castanea sativa, Crataegus monogyna, Eucalyptus globulus, Fraxinus angustifolia, Olea europaea var. sylvestris, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea, Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus coccifera, Quercus faginea and Quercus suber. Results obtained two springs after ﬁre, show that almost all broadleaved trees (9 species) survived to the ﬁre. Contrarily, the majority of coniferous trees died after the ﬁre. Despite the very low mortality observed in broadleaved trees, most of them did not regenerate from the crown, but only from the base, trunk or roots, which means that the recovering process will be much slower. Exceptions to this were cork oak and eucalyptus. Within native species, Quercus suber is by far the most resilient to ﬁre. For most part of the monitored tree species, which resprouted from the base of the trunk, Eucalyptus globulus was the one that recovered faster, followed by Fraxinus angustifolia and Quercus faginea.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ILLERA, JUAN CARLOS</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATIENZA, JUAN CARLOS</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food resource matching by foraging tits Parus spp. during spring-summer in a Mediterranean mixed forest; evidence for an ideal free distribution</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food availability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foraging (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microhabitat use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1998.tb04711.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">654 - 660</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We analysed whether patterns of microhabitat use by Blue Tits Parus caeruleus, Great Tits Parus major and Crested Tits Parus cristatus inhabiting a mixed forest consistently matched the patterns of food availability experienced by foraging birds during spring-summer. The use of five microhabitats by each bird species (the foliage of three tree species, shrubs and ground) and the availability of food in trees during the prebreeding, breeding and post-breeding periods of the birds' annual cycle were measured. All three tit species foraged mainly in the outer part of tree canopies (small branches and leaves or needles). Tit distributions between tree species matched food resource distributions irrespective of overall food resource levels, which varied four-fold between the study periods, and tit species. Tits also exploited secondary microhabitats (shrubs and ground) in periods of low food availability; Blue Tits tended to use shrubs, whereas Great and Crested Tits foraged on the ground. Between-trees distributions fitted that expected from an ideal free distribution, suggesting that food availability and intraspecific exploitative competition were the main factors governing tree use by tits. In contrast, patterns of use of secondary microhabitats (shrubs and ground) seemed to indicate a role for the species-specific morphological configurations of each tit species since Blue Tits are better adapted to hang and tended to forage in shubs, whereas Great and Crested Tits are better adapted to feed on horizontal surfaces and tended to forage on the ground. No evidence of interspecific interactions was observed. Overall, the results pointed to an independent exploitation of Mediterranean mixed forest by each bird species, food availability and food accessibility being the main factors affecting microhabitat use by foraging tits.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ILLERA, JUAN CARLOS</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATIENZA, JUAN CARLOS</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food resource matching by foraging tits Parus spp. during spring-summer in a Mediterranean mixed forest; evidence for an ideal free distribution</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food availability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foraging (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microhabitat use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">654-660</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We analysed whether patterns of microhabitat use by Blue Tits Parus caeruleus, Great Tits Parus major and Crested Tits Parus cristatus inhabiting a mixed forest consistently matched the patterns of food availability experienced by foraging birds during spring-summer. The use of five microhabitats by each bird species (the foliage of three tree species, shrubs and ground) and the availability of food in trees during the prebreeding, breeding and post-breeding periods of the birds' annual cycle were measured. All three tit species foraged mainly in the outer part of tree canopies (small branches and leaves or needles). Tit distributions between tree species matched food resource distributions irrespective of overall food resource levels, which varied four-fold between the study periods, and tit species. Tits also exploited secondary microhabitats (shrubs and ground) in periods of low food availability; Blue Tits tended to use shrubs, whereas Great and Crested Tits foraged on the ground. Between-trees distributions fitted that expected from an ideal free distribution, suggesting that food availability and intraspecific exploitative competition were the main factors governing tree use by tits. In contrast, patterns of use of secondary microhabitats (shrubs and ground) seemed to indicate a role for the species-specific morphological configurations of each tit species since Blue Tits are better adapted to hang and tended to forage in shubs, whereas Great and Crested Tits are better adapted to feed on horizontal surfaces and tended to forage on the ground. No evidence of interspecific interactions was observed. Overall, the results pointed to an independent exploitation of Mediterranean mixed forest by each bird species, food availability and food accessibility being the main factors affecting microhabitat use by foraging tits.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>