<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceacero, Carlos J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro-cerrillo, Rafael M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Hernández, José Luis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Is tree shelter protection an effective complement to weed competition management in improving the morpho-physiological response of holm oak planted seedlings?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mulch</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxyfluorfen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoinhibition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tillage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree shelter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">275-285</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weed control is a key aspect that influences seedling response in newly-established plantations. Tree shelter protection may be an effective complement to weed control with a positive effect on the overall response of seedlings. Our study focused on assessing the morpho-physiological response of Holm oak (Quercus ilex L. ballota [Desf.] Samp.) plantations to weed control and individual protection as a combined cultural technique on a cropland site in southern Spain. The weed control treatments (cultivation, herbicide and mulch) were also applied in combination with tree shelters. Morpho-physiological variables including survival, aerial and root morphology, water potential, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were monitored over a 2-year period. Results showed that weed competition management treatments improved the seedling survival rate compared to the control treatment. Moreover, shelter was associated with a greater height growth. At early stages of establishment, and particularly under combined treatments, all plants invested more resources in their aerial parts than in their root system. Seedlings did not regulate water loss as a result of water stress, contrary to what would be expected in Mediterranean areas. Under all treatments, especially those combined with tree shelters, seedlings took up to 2 years to achieve morpho-physiological adaptation (i.e. height and diameter growths, water stress behavior) to site conditions. In addition, tree shelters promoted an increase in net photosynthesis compared to non-shelter treatments during the winter period. The tree shelters also limited the emergence of photo-inhibition phenomena in seedlings so that plants under combined treatments showed greater photo-chemical efficiency. Thus, this study supports the effectiveness of tree shelter protection as a complement to weed control treatments. More specifically, it suggests that combining individual protection (shelter) and weed control around seedlings is an interesting technique for reforestation of forest ecosystems in Mediterranean areas.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mechergui, Taher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pardos, Marta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boussaidi, Naceur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasnaoui, Brahim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacobs, DouglassF.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) seedlings in response to tree shelters and mulching in northwestern Tunisia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Forestry Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mulching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polycyclism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree shelter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Northeast Forestry University</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">193-204</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The need for reforestation in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) areas is challenged by difficulties. Principal among these is herbivory of young plants, vegetative competition, and slow growth rates of cork oak seedlings. We evaluated the early development of cork oak seedlings treated using tree shelters and mulching in northwestern Tunisia. We tested three tree shelter treatments (non-vented, vented, and control) to shield seedlings from animal damage and five mulch types to control competing vegetation (Italian Stone Pine, Lentisk, combination of Italian Stone Pine and Lentisk (organic mulches), gravel (inorganic mulch) and no mulch). At the end of the two-year experiment, sheltered seedlings were 89-99% taller than unsheltered seedlings and had higher numbers and lengths of shoot growth flushes. In contrast, both stem diameter growth and dry weight biomass (from samples extracted after two years) were significantly reduced inside tree shelters. Root-to-shoot ratio was not significantly different in sheltered vs. unsheltered seedlings, suggesting that tree shelters do not adversely affect this parameter. Mulching alone did not favour growth, but could be beneficial when combined with tree shelters. The combination of vented tree shelters and gravel mulch was the most effective treatment for promoting diameter, height and stem volume growth.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceacero, Carlos J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, José Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">del Campo, Antonio D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro-Cerrillo, Rafael M. ª</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluación temprana de técnicas de restauración forestal mediante fluorescencia de la clorofila y diagnóstico de vitalidad de brinzales de encina (Quercus ilex sub. ballota)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bosque (Valdivia)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">control de competencia herbácea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fotoinhibición</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbaceous competition control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photochemical efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photochemical eficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoinhibition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rendimiento fotoquímico</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree shelter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tubo invernadero</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0717-92002012000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17 - 18</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlorophyll a luorescence has been applied to study the evolution of leaf photoprotection processes to dissipate excess absorbed energy that can not be fully utilized in photochemical reactions, and relects the plants ability to adapt to environmental conditions. Plants environmental conditions can be modiied by forest restoration techniques to ensure successful seedlings establishment, hence chlorophyll a luorescence can be a useful tool for assessing plant response to planting stress. The objective of this paper was to analyze the chlorophyll a luorescence as an early indicator of oak seedling response to the establishment stress and as a useful tool for the assessment of different competition control and individualized protection techniques (tillage, herbicide, mulch, tree shelter) used in forest restoration. A ield experimental plot with these restoration treatments was established and a monthly monitoring of chlorophyll a luorescence and a vitality analysis were carried out between August 2003 and October 2004 on oak seedlings. Results showed that luorescence parameters were sensitive to stress conditions prevailing in each analysed period. On the evaluation of herbaceous competition control techniques, no signiicant results on the chlorophyll a luorescence were observed. However, tree shelters exercised a protection effect on seedling limiting the photoinhibition processes during spring and winter periods. Finally, protected plants showed major photochemical eficiency than that showed by unprotected ones according to vitality tests. Therefore, the chlorophyll a luorescence analysis was proved to be a useful tool for early assessment of oak seedlings establishment stress and for the assessment of certain forest restoration techniques, such as those that combine control of herbaceous competition and individualized seedling protection.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record></records></xml>