<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chabi, Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benyacoub, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banbura, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Egg-size variation in Algerian populations of the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus ultramarinus): Effects of altitude and habitat</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REVUE D ECOLOGIE-LA TERRE ET LA VIE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">calcium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">egg sizes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat contrast</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shelled snails</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tits</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57 RUE CUVIER, 75005 PARIS 5, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183-192</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Egg-size, as a component of life history, is expected to be traded-off with other components and, consequently, to display a pattern of variation between different habitats and altitudes. Relevant data being very scarcely available for just a few bird species caused us to study interhabitat and interaltitude variation in egg dimensions and mass in the Blue Tit Parus caeruleus ultramarinus, taking the advantage of the occurrence of this species in a variety of habitats and at different altitudes in North Africa (north-eastern Algeria). In 1991-1993 we selected 6 study sites representing two types of habitat (rich deciduous forests dominated by Alnus glutinosa and Quercus faginea vs poor evergreen forests of Quercus suber) at three elevations (30 m asl, 500 m als and 900-1 000 m asl). We analysed both multiple response variables characterizing egg dimensions and individual egg traits. Eggs turned out to differ between altitudes (the lowest elevation against the two higher ones) but did not differ between habitats. They also display relatively high within-clutch repeatabilities, 0.6 on average for all traits. Egg traits were not significantly correlated with clutch-size within study stations, but the analysis of a bivariate response variable composed of egg volume and clutch-size suggested that these components of life history were negatively linked. Moreover, this bivariate response variable differed both between habitats and altitudes.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ILLERA, JUAN CARLOS</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATIENZA, JUAN CARLOS</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food resource matching by foraging tits Parus spp. during spring-summer in a Mediterranean mixed forest; evidence for an ideal free distribution</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food availability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foraging (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microhabitat use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">654-660</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We analysed whether patterns of microhabitat use by Blue Tits Parus caeruleus, Great Tits Parus major and Crested Tits Parus cristatus inhabiting a mixed forest consistently matched the patterns of food availability experienced by foraging birds during spring-summer. The use of five microhabitats by each bird species (the foliage of three tree species, shrubs and ground) and the availability of food in trees during the prebreeding, breeding and post-breeding periods of the birds' annual cycle were measured. All three tit species foraged mainly in the outer part of tree canopies (small branches and leaves or needles). Tit distributions between tree species matched food resource distributions irrespective of overall food resource levels, which varied four-fold between the study periods, and tit species. Tits also exploited secondary microhabitats (shrubs and ground) in periods of low food availability; Blue Tits tended to use shrubs, whereas Great and Crested Tits foraged on the ground. Between-trees distributions fitted that expected from an ideal free distribution, suggesting that food availability and intraspecific exploitative competition were the main factors governing tree use by tits. In contrast, patterns of use of secondary microhabitats (shrubs and ground) seemed to indicate a role for the species-specific morphological configurations of each tit species since Blue Tits are better adapted to hang and tended to forage in shubs, whereas Great and Crested Tits are better adapted to feed on horizontal surfaces and tended to forage on the ground. No evidence of interspecific interactions was observed. Overall, the results pointed to an independent exploitation of Mediterranean mixed forest by each bird species, food availability and food accessibility being the main factors affecting microhabitat use by foraging tits.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ILLERA, JUAN CARLOS</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATIENZA, JUAN CARLOS</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food resource matching by foraging tits Parus spp. during spring-summer in a Mediterranean mixed forest; evidence for an ideal free distribution</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food availability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foraging (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microhabitat use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1998.tb04711.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">654 - 660</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We analysed whether patterns of microhabitat use by Blue Tits Parus caeruleus, Great Tits Parus major and Crested Tits Parus cristatus inhabiting a mixed forest consistently matched the patterns of food availability experienced by foraging birds during spring-summer. The use of five microhabitats by each bird species (the foliage of three tree species, shrubs and ground) and the availability of food in trees during the prebreeding, breeding and post-breeding periods of the birds' annual cycle were measured. All three tit species foraged mainly in the outer part of tree canopies (small branches and leaves or needles). Tit distributions between tree species matched food resource distributions irrespective of overall food resource levels, which varied four-fold between the study periods, and tit species. Tits also exploited secondary microhabitats (shrubs and ground) in periods of low food availability; Blue Tits tended to use shrubs, whereas Great and Crested Tits foraged on the ground. Between-trees distributions fitted that expected from an ideal free distribution, suggesting that food availability and intraspecific exploitative competition were the main factors governing tree use by tits. In contrast, patterns of use of secondary microhabitats (shrubs and ground) seemed to indicate a role for the species-specific morphological configurations of each tit species since Blue Tits are better adapted to hang and tended to forage in shubs, whereas Great and Crested Tits are better adapted to feed on horizontal surfaces and tended to forage on the ground. No evidence of interspecific interactions was observed. Overall, the results pointed to an independent exploitation of Mediterranean mixed forest by each bird species, food availability and food accessibility being the main factors affecting microhabitat use by foraging tits.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record></records></xml>