<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LIMOUSIN, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OURCIVAL, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rocheteau, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOFFRE, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RODRIGUEZ-CORTINA, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long-term transpiration change with rainfall decline in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Change Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecohydrology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydraulic conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf area index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf water potential</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean evergreen forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall exclusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transpiration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01852.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2163 - 2175</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the Mediterranean basin, precipitation is expected to decline as a consequence of climate change. The response of a Quercus ilex forest in southern France to such a decline in water availability was studied using a 4-year throughfall exclusion experiment. Seasonal courses of sap flow and leaf water potential were obtained from 2004 to 2007 and used to characterize tree water relations in a control and a dry treatment. The experiment reduced the average precipitation input to the soil by 29%, and resulted in a 23% reduction in annual transpiration. Soil water potential was significantly lower in the dry treatment only during summer drought, but transpiration was reduced all year round even during well-watered periods. Despite a tight stomatal control over transpiration, whole-tree hydraulic conductance was found to be lower in the trees growing in the driest conditions. This reduction in water transport capacity was observed jointly with a reduction in leaf transpiring area. Canopy leaf area decreased by 18% in the dry treatment as a consequence of the throughfall exclusion, which was found to validate the ecohydrological equilibrium theory.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chirino, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilagrosa, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hernández, E I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matos, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, V R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of a deep container on morpho-functional characteristics and root colonization in Quercus suber L. seedlings for reforestation in Mediterranean climate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest tray</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydraulic conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">256</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">779-785</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the last decades, reforestation and afforestation programs are being carried out mainly with containerized seedlings. Container design determines the morphological and physiological characteristics of seedlings. However, container characteristics are often the same for plant species with very different growth strategies. The most commonly used nursery containers are relatively shallow and limit tap root growth; consequently, species relying on the early development of a long tap root to escape drought, such as those of the Quercus genus, might need to be cultivated in deep containers. The aim of this paper was to compare the morphological and physiological characteristics of Quercus suber L. seedlings cultivated in shallow containers (CCS-18, depth 18 cm) with seedlings cultivated in deep containers (CCL-30, depth 30 cm). Both container types used were made of high-density polyethylene, cylindrical in shape, open-bottomed, with a diameter of 5 cm, two kinds of vertical ribs on the inside wall showing a cultivation density of 318 seedlings/m2 . At the end of nursery culture, the seedlings cultivated in the CCL-30 deep container presented a longer tap root, higher shoot and root biomass and higher Dickson Quality Index (DQI). Moreover, the CCL-30 seedlings showed a higher root growth capacity (RGC), they reached deep substrate layers faster and they presented higher root hydraulic conductance. These morpho-functional advantages improved the CCL-30 seedling water status, which was expressed by higher stomatal conductance during an imposed drought period</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chirino, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilagrosa, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hernández, E. I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matos, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, V. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of a deep container on morpho-functional characteristics and root colonization in Quercus suber L. seedlings for reforestation in Mediterranean climate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest tray</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydraulic conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112708004507</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">256</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">779 - 785</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the last decades, reforestation and afforestation programs are being carried out mainly with containerized seedlings. Container design determines the morphological and physiological characteristics of seedlings. However, container characteristics are often the same for plant species with very different growth strategies. The most commonly used nursery containers are relatively shallow and limit tap root growth; consequently, species relying on the early development of a long tap root to escape drought, such as those of the Quercus genus, might need to be cultivated in deep containers. The aim of this paper was to compare the morphological and physiological characteristics of Quercus suber L. seedlings cultivated in shallow containers (CCS-18, depth 18 cm) with seedlings cultivated in deep containers (CCL-30, depth 30 cm). Both container types used were made of high-density polyethylene, cylindrical in shape, open-bottomed, with a diameter of 5 cm, two kinds of vertical ribs on the inside wall showing a cultivation density of 318 seedlings/m2 . At the end of nursery culture, the seedlings cultivated in the CCL-30 deep container presented a longer tap root, higher shoot and root biomass and higher Dickson Quality Index (DQI). Moreover, the CCL-30 seedlings showed a higher root growth capacity (RGC), they reached deep substrate layers faster and they presented higher root hydraulic conductance. These morpho-functional advantages improved the CCL-30 seedling water status, which was expressed by higher stomatal conductance during an imposed drought period</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David, T. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriques, M. O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kurz-Besson, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nunes, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valente, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaz, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siegwolf, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaves, M. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gazarini, L. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David, J. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water-use strategies in two co-occurring Mediterranean evergreen oaks: surviving the summer drought</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canopy conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">groundwater</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydraulic conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf water potential</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sap flow</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/6/793.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">793 - 803</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the Mediterranean evergreen oak woodlands of southern Portugal, the main tree species are Quercus ilex ssp. rotundifolia Lam. (holm oak) and Quercus suber L. (cork oak). We studied a savannah-type woodland where these species coexist, with the aim of better understanding the mechanisms of tree adaptation to seasonal drought. In both species, seasonal variations in transpiration and predawn leaf water potential showed a maximum in spring followed by a decline through the rainless summer and a recovery with autumn rainfall. Although the observed decrease in predawn leaf water potential in summer indicates soil water depletion, trees maintained transpiration rates above 0.7 mm day−1 during the summer drought. By that time, more than 70% of the transpired water was being taken from groundwater sources. The daily fluctuations in soil water content suggest that some root uptake of groundwater was mediated through the upper soil layers by hydraulic lift. During the dry season, Q. ilex maintained higher predawn leaf water potentials, canopy conductances and transpiration rates than Q. suber. The higher water status of Q. ilex was likely associated with their deeper root systems compared with Q. suber. Whole-tree hydraulic conductance and minimum midday leaf water potential were lower in Q. ilex, indicating that Q. ilex was more tolerant to drought than Q. suber. Overall, Q. ilex seemed to have more effective drought avoidance and drought tolerance mechanisms than Q. suber.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/27.6.79310.1093/treephys/27.6.793</style></notes></record></records></xml>