<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chirino, Esteban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilagrosa, Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, V. Ramón</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using hydrogel and clay to improve the water status of seedlings for dryland restoration</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon isotope composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant stock quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">substrate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water availability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11104-011-0730-1</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">344</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99 - 110</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In dryland ecosystems, post-transplant water stress produces high seedling mortality after the first summer following outplanting. Our aim was to assess the effects of clay and hydrogel, both on the water holding capacity of the growing media and on various morphological and physiological characteristics of Quercus suber seedlings in the nursery and, subsequently, during the first 2 years in the field. Quercus suber L. seedlings were grown in four types of growing media: CS (Control growing media, standard mixture of limed peat and coconut peat, 1:1 v/v ratio), SC-10 (CS mixed with sepiolite clay at 10% v/v) and HS (CS mixed with hydrogel Stockosorb® K-400 at two doses, 0.7 and 1.5% w/w). HS-1.5 showed the best results, increasing the water holding capacity of the root plug, improving seedling water status and increasing seedling survival in the field. SC-10 showed an intermediate effect on seedling response in the field. Mixing hydrogel with a peatbased growing medium to form root plugs is a suitable technique for cultivating species to be planted in areas with a strong water deficit. This technique reduces posttransplant water stress in seedlings during their first months in the field and contributes to improve forestrestoration methods in dryland ecosystems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Damesin, Claire</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, Serge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, Richard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Co-occurrence of trees with different leaf habit: A functional approach on Mediterranean oaks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon isotope composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">construction cost</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deciduous tree</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen tree</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf area index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf gas exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf habit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean-type climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrogen content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pubescens</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1146609X98800246</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195 - 204</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species can be split into two groups in terms of their leaf life-spans: evergreens and deciduous. Their distinct geographical dis- tribution suggests that these two groups have functional characteristics adapted to specific environments. However, deciduous and evergreen trees co-exist in some regions, such as those with a Mediterranean climate. They provide good models for comparing the properties of both trees and obtaining an understanding of how diversity is maintained. This is the case in southern France, where the evergreen holm oak (Quercus ilex) and the deciduous downy oak (Quercus pubescens) co-exist. A research programme has been conducted which compares the functioning of these two species at various scales, with the aim of anticipating their distribution in the event of climatic change. The ‘cost-benefit‘ model of Mooney and Dunn has been tested at leaf scale. Q. pubescens has a lower area-based construction cost than Q. ibex, but does not have a higher photosynthetic capacity. Despite differences in biochemical composition, size and mass per unit area, the leaves of the two species respond similarly to limited water conditions. Furthermore, the carbon isotope composition suggests that they have similar intrinsic water-use efficiencies. At the ecosystem scale, preliminary data are available on water, carbon and nitrogen use: i) measurements of leaf water potentials show that drought constraint starts at the same time and with the same rate and intensity in both species: ii) leaf area index was higher in Q. ilex woodlands; and iii) the release rate of nitrogen from the litter was faster in Q. ilex ecosystems. Together, these results indicate that the key factors distinguishing functions of deciduous and evergreen Quercus are more apparent at the ecosystem level than at the leaf level</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Damesin, Claire</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, Serge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, Richard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Co-occurrence of trees with different leaf habit: A functional approach on Mediterranean oaks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon isotope composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">construction cost</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deciduous tree</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen tree</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf area index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf gas exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf habit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean-type climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrogen content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pubescens</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195-204</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species can be split into two groups in terms of their leaf life-spans: evergreens and deciduous. Their distinct geographical dis- tribution suggests that these two groups have functional characteristics adapted to specific environments. However, deciduous and evergreen trees co-exist in some regions, such as those with a Mediterranean climate. They provide good models for comparing the properties of both trees and obtaining an understanding of how diversity is maintained. This is the case in southern France, where the evergreen holm oak (Quercus ilex) and the deciduous downy oak (Quercus pubescens) co-exist. A research programme has been conducted which compares the functioning of these two species at various scales, with the aim of anticipating their distribution in the event of climatic change. The ‘cost-benefit‘ model of Mooney and Dunn has been tested at leaf scale. Q. pubescens has a lower area-based construction cost than Q. ibex, but does not have a higher photosynthetic capacity. Despite differences in biochemical composition, size and mass per unit area, the leaves of the two species respond similarly to limited water conditions. Furthermore, the carbon isotope composition suggests that they have similar intrinsic water-use efficiencies. At the ecosystem scale, preliminary data are available on water, carbon and nitrogen use: i) measurements of leaf water potentials show that drought constraint starts at the same time and with the same rate and intensity in both species: ii) leaf area index was higher in Q. ilex woodlands; and iii) the release rate of nitrogen from the litter was faster in Q. ilex ecosystems. Together, these results indicate that the key factors distinguishing functions of deciduous and evergreen Quercus are more apparent at the ecosystem level than at the leaf level</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Damesin, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Between-tree variations in leaf Î´ 13 C of Quercus pubescens and Quercus ilex among Mediterranean habitats with different water availability</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon isotope composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foliar chemical constituents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean oaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water availability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26-35</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, sun leaf carbon isotope compo- sition (d 13 C) of two co-occurring woody Mediterranean species (Quercus pubescens Willd., a deciduous oak, and Q. ilex L., an evergreen one) was investigated on four sites with dierent water availability. The total range of d 13 C values was 4.4 and 3.1&amp; for Q. pubescens and Q. ilex respectively. The intra-site variability was about 3&amp;. Total mean per species was equal. There were sig- ni®cant dierences among sites, but at each site means of d 13 C were not signi®cantly dierent between species. A simple physiological model predicts no dierence in in- trinsic water-use eciency (WUEi ) between evergreen and deciduous oaks. The relationship between site means of d 13 C and water parameters suggests that there is a leaf functional adjustment with respect to available water resource. No correlation was found between d 13 C and the contents of any mass-based biochemical cons- tituent. Nevertheless there was a signi®cant correlation between d 13 C and leaf mass per area of Q. ilex. For both species, there is also a positive correlation between leaf d 13 C and individual crown area, i.e. a structural char- acteristic at tree level. Causal relations between d 13 C and plant-environment interactions are discussed.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>