<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caon, Lucrezia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, V. Ramón</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ritsema, Coen J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geissen, Violette</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of wildfire on soil nutrients in Mediterranean ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Earth-Science Reviews</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dryland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil nutrient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildfire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47-58</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High-intensity and fast-spreadingwildfires are natural in the Mediterranean basin. However, since 1960,wildfire occurrence has increased because of changes in land use,whichresultedinextensive land abandonment, increases in the fuel load and continuity in the landscape. The level of soil degradation related towildfire occurrence depends on fire recurrence, topography of the site, intensity of the soil erosion processes and plant cover post-fire regener- ation rate. Therefore assessing fire impacts on soil properties is critical to quantify land degradation processes and to assess post-fire restoration plans. This article reviews the changes in soil nutrient status ofMediterranean eco- systems affected bywildfires by focusing on the interactions between the different drivers and factors, and the un- derlying processes of these changes. Articles dealingwithwildfires in areas belonging to the Mediterranean basin and characterizedby an annual average rainfall of 300–900mmand amean annual temperature around 14–19 °C, have been reviewed. The data show that the soil nutrient content in Mediterranean drylands affected by wildfires depends on the vegetation type, fire recurrence and fire intensity. Immediately after a fire, the nutrient content in boththeOandAhorizons oftenincreasesbecause of ash deposition,nutrient release fromthe burnt vegetation and formationofstablenutrientforms.Ash deposition persistenceonthe soil surfaceisone of themost important fac- tors in determining the soil nutrient content both immediately after a fire and for the long-term. For the restoration of burned habitats it is important to knowthe content and the spatial distribution of nutrients in the soil because this can act as a limiting factor to vegetation recovery. Carbon and nitrogen pools in the soil have been recognized as fundamental to vegetation recuperation after a fire. To promote the accumulation and retention of nutrients in soil after a fire, it is important to stabilize the burnt site by applying post-fire measures that limit soil erosion, sur- face runoff and wind loss of the ash. Depending on the plant species and the time elapsing between consecutive wildfires, fire is responsible for the transition frommature ecosystems (i.e. conifer forests) to shrublands, which are poorer in soil nutrient status. Wildfire occurrence can be reduced by planting fire-resilient plants in fire- prone areas. To define the best post-fire and restoration treatments, the impacts of fire on both the O and the A horizon aswellas the impactsofdifferent post-fire treatments on the soil nutrient content require further study.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acácio, Vanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holmgren, Milena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pathways for resilience in Mediterranean cork oak land use systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative stable state</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cistus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean-type ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s13595-012-0197-0</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&amp; Context Loss of woodlands and degradation of vegetation and soil have been described for all Mediterranean-type ecosystems worldwide. In the Western Iberian Peninsula, overexploitation of evergreen cork oak land use systems has led to soil erosion, failures in oak recruitment, and loss of forests. Degraded and dry sites are quickly colonised by pioneer heathland rockrose (Cistus spp.) shrubs forming highly persistent patches. &amp; Aims Although traditionally shrublands have been considered as a transient successional state, we present evidence that they can represent persistent alternative states to former cork oak forests. &amp; Review trends and conclusions We first describe how Mediterranean vegetation evolved in the Iberian Peninsula and the role of fire and long-term human management as main disturbances. We then discuss alternative pathways through state-and-transition models indicating the ecological and land use variables that halt cork oak regeneration and recruitment and drive vegetation transitions towards persistent shrublands. Unless concerted management actions and restoration programmes are undertaken, the cork oak land use systems will not be sustainable.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valdecantos, Alejandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortina, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, V Ramón</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differential field response of two Mediterranean tree species to inputs of sewage sludge at the seedling stage</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomass allocation pattern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biosolids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foliar isotopic composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus halepensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vector diagnose</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1350-1359</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land degradation and desertiﬁcation is a common feature in Mediterranean landscapes due to extensive and intensive land use and natural orman induced disturbances. The ecosystemmay need external inputs to recover its composition and function as soils are often impoverished and vegetal key stone species lost. We evaluated the effects of the application of fresh and air-dried biosolids in the establishment and morphological and physiological performance of seedlings of Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex under dry Mediterranean ﬁeld conditions. Seedling survival was not affected by biosolid treatments in any of the studied species both two and ten years after planting. During the ﬁrst two years, growth was enhanced by the two biosolid treatments in relation to control, although the change in the biomass allocation pattern differed between species. Rooting depthwas signiﬁcantly enhanced by liquid biosolid in Q. ilex and marginally reduced in P. halepensis as well as the exploration of soil. As a consequence, root-to-shoot ratio reduced signiﬁcantly with dry and liquid sludge due to promoted aboveground growth whilemaintaining and even reducing belowground fractions.An improvement ofthe nutritional status, offertilized seedlings especially of phosphorus, is the explanation for the better ﬁeld performance. Vector analysis revealed an important phosphorus limitation for both species that was overcome with the application of liquid (both species) and air-dried biosolid (pine). The higher growth of pine seedlings attained in the liquid biosolid treatment was coupled with a signiﬁcant decrease in foliar 13 C, suggesting lower water use efﬁciency. The signiﬁcant increase in foliar 15 N in the biosolid treatments in both species suggested that a large proportion of the total nitrogen uptake came from the applied biosolids. Instead, with regard to the low biosolid application rate used in the study, treatments had an overall positive effect as a restoration tool by improving nutritional status and promoting growth of planted seedlings.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacquet, Karine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prodon, Roger</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring the postfire resilience of a bird-vegetation system: a 28-year study in a Mediterranean oak woodland.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avifauna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">long-term</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildfire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">801-811</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite numerous studies on the response of Mediterranean ecosystems to fire, few have measured the respective resilience of vegetation and fauna compartments. For 28 years, we conducted an annual monitoring of avifauna composition and vegetation structure (cover profile)following a severe wildfire in a holm oak (Quercus ilex) stand in southern France. Our aim was to estimate the time necessary for this bird-vegetation system to return to a state analogous to its pre-fire state. In the burned plots, low herbaceous and shrub layers were gradually replaced by higher, woody layers of vegetation. Neither bird species richness nor inter-annual bird species turnover showed significant differences from one year to the next over the study period. In contrast, bird species composition did change steadily, leading to an almost complete replacement of early-successional species by late-successional ones. Using the first axes of multivariate analyses as 'proxy variables' of vegetation or avifauna recoveries, we estimated by extrapolation the recovery times of these two ecosystem components at ca. 50 and 35 years, respectively. Towards the end of the study period, the rate of change in avifauna composition decreased comparatively to that of vegetation structure. Our results show that holm oak woodlands are highly resilient and seem to tolerate an approximately 50-year fire interval, even if it remains to be assessed how resilient they would be in the case of increased fire frequency. More generally, our multivariate approach, which allows comparative estimations of resilience in different components of an ecosystem using qualitative as wellas quantitative criteria, could be applied to various case studies in disturbance and restoration ecology.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19727831</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghaioule, Driss</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lumaret, Jean-Pierre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rochat, Didier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maatouf, Noureddine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niogret, Jerome</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estimation of white grub damage (Coleoptera : Scarabaeoidea) in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) regeneration parcels of the Mamora forest (Morocco) and search for biological control using sex pheromones.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3-benzenediol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biological control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">damage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pheromone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resorcinol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scarabaeoidea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">white grubs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOC ENTOMOLOGIQUE FRANCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45 RUE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During the last decades, the cork oak restoration in the Mamora forest (Morocco) was faced with massive root attacks of seedling plantations by white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). In most cases, the success of the restoration reached only 12%. Sphodroxia maroccana Ley (Melolonthidae) can be considered as the main pest in the restoration parcels. Some traits of the biology of this species are specified, despite shortcomings in the knowledge of the precise period of male emergence with regard to females, the longevity of adults and the sex-ratio. Summer drought, a season without white grub activity, is another main cause of mortality of young plantations. During the first year after plantation in experimental parcels, the cumulated mortality due to these two factors ranged between 41 and 68% according to the blocks in the parcels. The mortality associated with S. maroccana larvae ranged between 24 and 43%, with a distribution of infestation depending on density of young plants. Solid phase micro-extraction used to sample volatiles from the headspace of S. maroccana females allowed to isolate resorcinol (1,3-benzenediol) as presumed female sex pheromone. The role of this molecule has to be demonstrated.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghaioule, Driss</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lumaret, Jean-Pierre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rochat, Didier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maatouf, Noureddine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niogret, Jerome</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estimation of white grub damage (Coleoptera : Scarabaeoidea) in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) regeneration parcels of the Mamora forest (Morocco) and search for biological control using sex pheromones.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3-benzenediol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biological control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">damage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pheromone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resorcinol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scarabaeoidea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">white grubs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During the last decades, the cork oak restoration in the Mamora forest (Morocco) was faced with massive root attacks of seedling plantations by white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). In most cases, the success of the restoration reached only 12%. Sphodroxia maroccana Ley (Melolonthidae) can be considered as the main pest in the restoration parcels. Some traits of the biology of this species are specified, despite shortcomings in the knowledge of the precise period of male emergence with regard to females, the longevity of adults and the sex-ratio. Summer drought, a season without white grub activity, is another main cause of mortality of young plantations. During the first year after plantation in experimental parcels, the cumulated mortality due to these two factors ranged between 41 and 68% according to the blocks in the parcels. The mortality associated with S. maroccana larvae ranged between 24 and 43%, with a distribution of infestation depending on density of young plants. Solid phase micro-extraction used to sample volatiles from the headspace of S. maroccana females allowed to isolate resorcinol (1,3-benzenediol) as presumed female sex pheromone. The role of this molecule has to be demonstrated.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 45 RUE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SOC ENTOMOLOGIQUE FRANCE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FUENTES, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VALDECANTOS, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORTINA, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, V.R. R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling performance in sewage sludge-amended degraded Mediterranean woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus halepensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salinity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sewage sludge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">281-291</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biosolids have been widely used for land reclamation, but information on their use in restoration, i.e., on less degraded areas, is scarce. Biosolids may be used to restore forest ecosystems by fostering tree establishment in degraded shrublands. Detailed knowledge on the effects of biosolid application is needed to optimize such practice. We evaluated the effect of different rates (0, 7.5 and 14.5 kg dry weight per plant) and types of biosolid application on the performance of Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex seedlings, and operational costs. Biosolids increased seedling mortality in both species, particularly when seedlings were planted in direct contact with them. Mortality mostly occurred during the ﬁrst year, and was probably favored by soil shrinking and salinity. Foliar and needle nitrogen concentration increased with biosolid rate in the short term, but biosolids affected negatively (P. halepensis), or had no effect (Q. ilex) on phosphorus and potassium concentration. Biosolids had a positive effect on P. halepensis growth, and a negative effect on Q. ilex growth at the highest rate when seedlings were in contact with biosolids. Cost of this type of biosolid application approximately doubled plantation cost, but were similar or cheaper that landﬁll disposal of biosolids. The lowest application rate showed the best balance between seedling response and costs for P. halepensis, whereas biosolid use cannot be recommended for Q. ilex.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FUENTES, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valdecantos, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORTINA, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, V. R. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling performance in sewage sludge-amended degraded Mediterranean woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus halepensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salinity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sewage sludge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092585740700170X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">281 - 291</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biosolids have been widely used for land reclamation, but information on their use in restoration, i.e., on less degraded areas, is scarce. Biosolids may be used to restore forest ecosystems by fostering tree establishment in degraded shrublands. Detailed knowledge on the effects of biosolid application is needed to optimize such practice. We evaluated the effect of different rates (0, 7.5 and 14.5 kg dry weight per plant) and types of biosolid application on the performance of Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex seedlings, and operational costs. Biosolids increased seedling mortality in both species, particularly when seedlings were planted in direct contact with them. Mortality mostly occurred during the ﬁrst year, and was probably favored by soil shrinking and salinity. Foliar and needle nitrogen concentration increased with biosolid rate in the short term, but biosolids affected negatively (P. halepensis), or had no effect (Q. ilex) on phosphorus and potassium concentration. Biosolids had a positive effect on P. halepensis growth, and a negative effect on Q. ilex growth at the highest rate when seedlings were in contact with biosolids. Cost of this type of biosolid application approximately doubled plantation cost, but were similar or cheaper that landﬁll disposal of biosolids. The lowest application rate showed the best balance between seedling response and costs for P. halepensis, whereas biosolid use cannot be recommended for Q. ilex.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alloza, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, R.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, W. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, Fausto</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration of burned areas in forest management plans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/1-4020-3760-0_22</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">475 - 488</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildland fire is a major disturbance promoting landscape changes and triggering desertification processes in the Northern Mediterranean basin. Addressing that issue in the long term requires both fire prevention and pot-fire restoration measures. Post-fire restoration should mitigate ecosystem degradation, and improve ecosystem regeneration rate and quality. The impact of wildfires is especially acute in the transition between semi-arid and dry subhumid climates, where dry vegetation fuels facilitate fire spread and water shortage limits post-fire regeneration. In addition, the occurrence of torrential rains produces a high risk of post-fire flash-floods, especially in autumn after summer fires. The major objectives of post-fire restoration are soil and water conservation and increasing ecosystem resistance and resilience in front of fire. Post-fire restoration strategies are defined according to the degradation stage of the ecosystems and the recovery capacity of vegetation. Plant cover regeneration rate highly influence post-fire soil erosion and flooding risk. The abundance of woody resprouters is recognized in eastern Spain as a critical factor to ensure an efficient recovery of plant cover after fire. Post-fire restoration planning is addressed taking into account vegetation fragility to wildfires, together with soil erosion risk and soil moisture availability (physical features). Vegetation fragility is defined both in relation to spontaneous regeneration capacity of plant cover and in relation to the ability of keystone woody species topersist after fire. A synthetic indicator to asses wildland protection and restoration priorities in relation to wildland fires is developed by combining vegetation fragility and physical layers in a GIS. William G. Kepner, Jose L. Rubio, David A. Mouat &amp; Fausto Pedrazzini, eds. Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue, : 475 © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. 475–488.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A …</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alloza, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, R</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, W G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, Fausto</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration of burned areas in forest management plans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">475-488</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildland fire is a major disturbance promoting landscape changes and triggering desertification processes in the Northern Mediterranean basin. Addressing that issue in the long term requires both fire prevention and pot-fire restoration measures. Post-fire restoration should mitigate ecosystem degradation, and improve ecosystem regeneration rate and quality. The impact of wildfires is especially acute in the transition between semi-arid and dry subhumid climates, where dry vegetation fuels facilitate fire spread and water shortage limits post-fire regeneration. In addition, the occurrence of torrential rains produces a high risk of post-fire flash-floods, especially in autumn after summer fires. The major objectives of post-fire restoration are soil and water conservation and increasing ecosystem resistance and resilience in front of fire. Post-fire restoration strategies are defined according to the degradation stage of the ecosystems and the recovery capacity of vegetation. Plant cover regeneration rate highly influence post-fire soil erosion and flooding risk. The abundance of woody resprouters is recognized in eastern Spain as a critical factor to ensure an efficient recovery of plant cover after fire. Post-fire restoration planning is addressed taking into account vegetation fragility to wildfires, together with soil erosion risk and soil moisture availability (physical features). Vegetation fragility is defined both in relation to spontaneous regeneration capacity of plant cover and in relation to the ability of keystone woody species topersist after fire. A synthetic indicator to asses wildland protection and restoration priorities in relation to wildland fires is developed by combining vegetation fragility and physical layers in a GIS. William G. Kepner, Jose L. Rubio, David A. Mouat &amp; Fausto Pedrazzini, eds. Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue, : 475 © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. 475–488.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DE SIMÓN NAVARRETE, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigaci, Nnavarrete Centro D E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apartado, Agraria D E Granada</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restauración del bosque mediterráneo: aplicación de modelos de restauración a los encinares.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrological process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pamplona</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271-276</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The activities in order to restore the mediterraneam forests have been constitued by the restoration of the structures and natural vegetation communities in order to preserve the water and soil in the drainage basins. A restoration of the vegetation covers in a drainage basin with hydrological and biological criteria have been projected, using sorne reforestation works in order to the best utilitation of the water resources and the conservation of the soil. The Quercus rotundifolia is one of the most extended species in the mediterranean area and it is apply for the forestation of the lands. This paper proposes a model of applied for its restoration. K.W.:</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DE SIMÓN NAVARRETE, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigaci, Nnavarrete Centro D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apartado, Agraria D. E. Granada</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restauración del bosque mediterráneo: aplicación de modelos de restauración a los encinares.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrological process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271 - 276</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The activities in order to restore the mediterraneam forests have been constitued by the restoration of the structures and natural vegetation communities in order to preserve the water and soil in the drainage basins. A restoration of the vegetation covers in a drainage basin with hydrological and biological criteria have been projected, using sorne reforestation works in order to the best utilitation of the water resources and the conservation of the soil. The Quercus rotundifolia is one of the most extended species in the mediterranean area and it is apply for the forestation of the lands. This paper proposes a model of applied for its restoration. K.W.:</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: II Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Pamplona</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valle, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madrona, M T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salazar, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALGUNAS FORMACIONES BOSCOSAS DEL SUDESTE DE LA PENINSULA IBERICA: LOS ALCORNOCALES DEL HAZA DEL LINO (LA CONTRA VIESA) y DE LA SIERRA DEL JARAL (LUJAR)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congreso Forestal Español, Lourizán - Pontevedra. 1993</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eork oak grove</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oriental Andalusia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytosociology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">453-458</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Two corks oak groves, placed in the south-east of the Iberian Peninsule (province of Granada: Sierra del Jaral and Sierra de la eontraviesa) are analysed. Ecologic and floristic characterics are cornmented on,' and their correct phytosociologic nomlnation is discussed. Finally, vegetation's restoration models are proposed to be applied in degradated areas.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>