<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borghetti, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La Mantia, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menozzi, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piotti, a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The likely impact of climate change on the biodiversity of Italian forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245-250</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biodiversità delle foreste italiane</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">borghetti m</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">citation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatico sulla</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">it</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">la mantia t</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">menozzi p</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online 2012-11-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">piotti a</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">probabili impatti del cambiamento</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sisef</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">url</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">www</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sisef.it/forest@/?doi=10.3832/efor0708-009</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245 - 250</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendes, Sara Margarida</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Joaquim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sousa, José Paulo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing the impact of understory vegetation cut on soil epigeic macrofauna from a cork-oak Montado in South Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil macrofauna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">understory management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10457-010-9358-z</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139 - 148</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak ‘‘Montados’’ are a particular Mediterranean ecosystem, which can be found in Southern Portugal. Portuguese ‘‘Montados’’ are manmade ecosystems, mainly used for cork production and cattle farming, that support a high biological diversity. Current sustainable management techniques imply a shrub clearing with heavy machinery, which can be highly disruptive for soil biota. In order to evaluate the effects of understory vegetation management on soil epigeic macrofauna, ﬁve zones were deﬁned along a chronosequence of shrub clearing: a non-disturbed zone (zone 5) and zones where understory vegetation was cut at 4–5 years (zone 4), at 3–4 years (zone 3), at 2 years (zone 2) and at 1 year (zone 1). A sixth zone (zone 6) was selected in a pasture, where cattle are occasionally present. Soil fauna was sampled using ‘‘pitfall’’ traps and sampling took place in autumn 2003. A total of 2,677 individuals, separated into 152 species and morphospecies, were caught in the traps. With the exception of zone 6, that presented a lower number of species, all the other zones from the chronosequence presented, in most cases, a similar number of taxa, species diversity (Shannon) and species richness (Margalef). Multivariate analysis separated recently disturbed zones (plus zone 6) from those intervened at longer time; groups like Formicidae, Scydmaenidae, most families from Araneae and insect larvae appeared closely associated to zones 3–5 (with a higher shrub cover and thick litter layers), whereas, other Hymenoptera, Gastropda and most Coleoptera families, appeared associated to recently disturbed zones (zones 1 and 2) and to zone 6, characterized by a lower shrub cover and a lower accumulation of litter. This separation indicates that effects of the intervention can endure for 2 or 3 years. After that time, the normal natural regeneration of the understory vegetation seems to support the restoration of the macrofauna community, thus indicating that the sustainable management strategy adopted, i.e., making a shrub cut every 5–6 years, seems not induce a signiﬁcant effect on local species richness of soil epigeic macrofauna.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saitta, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernicchia, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gorjón, S. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Altobelli, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granito, V. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Losi, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lunghini, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maggi, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medardi, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Padovan, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pecoraro, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vizzini, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Persiani, A. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity of wood-decay fungi in Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ascomycota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basidiomycota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood-decay fungi</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2011.633114</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">145</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">958 - 968</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Current knowledge about Italian wood-decay fungi (Basidiomycota and Ascomycota) is surveyed: 1582 taxa belonging to Ascomycota (341) and Basidiomycota (1241) have been reported, including 23 species new to science of Basidiomycota described from Italy within the last five years. Evaluating diversity of wood-decay fungi can provide a more accurate estimation of species richness for fungi which are an important functional component of ecosystems. Aphyllophoroid and Ascomycota species play an important role in habitat conservation and management. Sardinia, Sicily, the Alps and the Apennines are ?hot spots? for wood-decay Basidiomycota in Italy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263504.2011.633114doi: 10.1080/11263504.2011.633114The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canteiro, Cátia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto-Cruz, Carla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simões, M. Paula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gazarini, Luíz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation of Mediterranean oak woodlands: understorey dynamics under different shrub management</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agroecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cistus salviifolius</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shrub clearing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10457-011-9375-6</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161 - 171</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of experimental disturbances on the dynamics of a shrub community was studied on a ‘Montado’ ecosystem, in southern Portugal. The evolution of the community physiognomy, composition and diversity were monitored after shrub clearing followed by biomass removal, deposition on soil surface and incorporation with the soil, over a 9-year period. Maximum shrub density was recorded in the ﬁrst year after the disturbances, excepting in mulched plots which showed the greatest number of individuals 1 year later. The increment of shrub leaf biomass was very fast in the ﬁrst 3 years, whereas wood production was slower but occurred along the whole study period. At the end of the study, leaf and wood biomass was still signiﬁcantly lower than in the predisturbance situation. The variation pattern of leaf area index was similar to that of leaf biomass. The evolution of total plant cover and diversity was similar across treatments. The highest species richness and diversity were recorded 2 years after cutting, decreasing afterwards with the increasing dominance of shrubs. Thus it seems likely that, although a 9 year period is too short for these communities to reach steady equilibrium, they are very resistant and resilient to disturbances, as regeneration was fast and vegetation dynamics was not inﬂuenced by differences among treatments. We can conclude that shrub clearing promotes biodiversity and the time of permanence of shrub patches depends on the particular goal we want to achieve.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gálvez-Bravo, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Pintor, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rebollo, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Sal, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) engineering effects promote plant heterogeneity in Mediterranean dehesa pastures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Arid Environments</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beta diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burrowing mammals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Floristic composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">latrines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Warrens</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196311001029</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">779 - 786</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mammalian herbivores can have dramatic effects on the vegetation through different mechanisms, and may therefore modify resource distribution or create habitat for other species. Organisms that cause such changes are classiﬁed as ecosystem engineers. The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a semifossorial mammal native to the Iberian Peninsula and a keystone species in Mediterranean foodwebs. Rabbits are central-place foragers, but few studies have analysed their ecosystem engineering effects in the vicinity of warrens. Here, we explored the role of rabbits as ecosystem engineers in Mediterranean pastures in central Spain. We studied the spatial patterns and internal heterogeneity in the vegetation community of different spatial subunits created by rabbits (warrens, the warren inﬂuence area, and latrines). Within the different subunits, rabbit activities gave rise to patches and gradients with different plant species richness, diversity and height, and a high internal heterogeneity (dissimilarity) in ﬂoristic composition. Through different mechanisms, they have a signiﬁcant effect on species coexistence and competitive interactions, and increase the number of available niches for plants which otherwise would not be able to establish. In conclusion, rabbits can act as allogenic ecosystem engineers in Mediterranean pastures, increasing heterogeneity and contributing to the high biodiversity of Mediterranean annual pastures.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caparros, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdá, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ovando, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon sequestration with reforestations and biodiversity-scenic values</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and Resource Economics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Accounting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Sequestration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimal Control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scenic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stated Preferences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/g3385775170564n2.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49 - 72</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents an optimal control model to analyze reforestations with two different species, including commercial values, carbon sequestration and biodiversity or scenic values. We solve the model qualitatively with general functions and discuss the implications of partial or total internalization of environmental values, showing that internalizing only carbon sequestration may have negative impacts on biodiversityscenic values. To evaluate the practical relevance, we compare reforestations in the South-west of Spain with cork-oaks (a slow growing native species) and with eucalyptus (a fast growing alien species). We do the analysis with two different carbon crediting methods: the Carbon Flow Method and the Ton Year Accounting Method. With the .first method forest surface increases more, but using mainly eucalyptus. With the second, additional reforestations are done mainly using cork-oaks. We value the impact on visitors of these reforestations using stated preferences methods, showing that when these values are internalized cork-oaks are favored.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Oliveira, Tatiana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hättenschwiler, Stephan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tanya Handa, Ira</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snail and millipede complementarity in decomposing Mediterranean forest leaf litter mixtures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diplopod</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gastropod</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter consumption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-additive effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">synergy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01694.xhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01694.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">937 - 946</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. The projected increase in loss of biodiversity worldwide has prompted the need to understand the role that diversity plays in key ecosystem functions such as litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Here we asked how two contrasting species of saprophagous macrofauna and four Mediterranean forest leaf litter species interactively affect decomposition in a 6-week microcosm study. 2. Litter mass loss and macrofauna relative consumption rates (RCR) were measured on treatments with freshly fallen or partially decomposed leaf litter of Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus angustifolia, Pistacia terebinthus and Quercus ilex as single-species or mixtures in absence and presence of the gastropod, Pomatias elegans, the diplopod, Glomeris marginata, or both macrofauna species. 3. Macrofauna consumed all litter substrates except freshly fallen P. terebinthus as a single-species litter that was fatal to both animals, although its presence in litter mixtures increased overall RCR. Consumption was higher in partially decomposed than freshly fallen litter, and higher in litter mixtures than in single-species litter. Both litter state and mixing interacted significantly with macrofauna treatment where generally, RCR by P. elegans alone was inferior to that of G. marginata alone or in combination with P. elegans. 4. An overall positive complementarity effect on litter RCR between G. marginata and P. elegans was observed in freshly fallen litter. Particularly strong complementarity was observed in two mixtures of freshly fallen litter and also in one mixture of partially decomposed litter. 5. There were no non-additive effects of litter mixing on litter mass loss in the absence of animals, indicating no interactions among litter substrates during decomposition. However, in the presence of either G. marginata and/or P. elegans, positive and negative interactions among litter substrates occurred and were enhanced or reversed by the addition of the second macrofauna species. 6. We conclude that saprophagous macrofauna play a critical role in the decomposition dynamics of Mediterranean forest litter by interacting with each other and by driving interactions among litter substrates.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez, Adoración</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iturrondobeitia Carlos, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goldarazena, Arturo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of some ecological variables on carabid communities in native and non native forests in the Ibaizabal basin (Basque Country: Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carabid beetles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological variables</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest habitats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest/2009003</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">• Carabid beetles were investigated at five different forest types in the Ibaizabal basin (northern Spain). The landscape is characterized by the presence of remnants of native forest surrounded by conifer plantations. • Carabids were trapped in 52 stands of mixed forest, beech forest, holm oak forest, mixed pine and Monterey pine plantations in 2005 and 2006. The main objectives of the study were: compare carabid diversity, recognise the characteristic species, and study the effects of ecological variables on carabid assemblages in the different forest types. • No significative differences in species abundance, richness and diversity were found among the studied forests. Most of the trapped beetles were identified as forest generalists, nevertheless some native and non-native forest specialist species were also found. Distribution of carabid communities overlapped and, except for beech forest, no specific communities were distinguished. Altitude, percentage of grass coverage and temperature were the main variables influencing species distribution. • The results suggest high habitat homogeneity, caused by regeneration in pine plantations of the indigenous understorey, and by poor habitat quality in native forest (patchy remnants enclosed in conifer plantations). This situation could explain the similar carabid diversity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abelho, Manuela</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf-Litter Mixtures Affect Breakdown and Macroinvertebrate Colonization Rates in a Stream Ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Review of Hydrobiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">richness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shredders</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200811159</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">436 - 451</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous work in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has suggested that the relationship between breakdown rates of leaf litter and plant species richness may change unpredictability due to non-additive effects mediated by the presence of key-species. By using single- and mixed-species leaf bags (7 possible combinations of three litter species differing in toughness; common alder [Alnus glutinosa ], sweet chestnut [Castanea sativa ], and Spanish oak [Quercus ilex ilex ]), I tested whether leaf species diversity, measured as richness and composition, affects breakdown dynamics and macroinvertebrate colonization (abundance, richness and composition) during 90 days incubation in a stream. Decomposition rates were additive, i.e., observed decomposition rates were not different from expected ones. However, decomposition rates of individual leaf species were affected by the mixture, i.e., there were species-specific responses to mixing litter. The invertebrate communities colonizing the mixtures were not richer and more diverse in mixtures than in single-species leaf bags. On the opposite, mixing leaf species had a negative, non-additive effect on rates of shredder and taxa colonization and on macroinvertebrate diversity. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: WILEY-VCH Verlag</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coca, Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, Juli G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration traits are structuring phylogenetic diversity in cork oak ( Quercus suber ) woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">logenetic community structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phy-</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seeders</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01097.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1009 - 1015</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fos, Simón</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giralt, Mireia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rinodina evae (Physciaceae, Ascomycota), a new corticolous blastidiate species from Eastern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nova Hedwigia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lichens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rinodina</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">taxonomy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&amp;issn=0029-5035&amp;volume=88&amp;issue=1&amp;spage=33</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33 - 40</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rinodina evae, a new corticolous species, is described from Eastern Spain. It is mainly characterized by a blastidiate, hairy thallus, Pachysporaria-type ascospores and the lack of secondary lichen substances. Hitherto, it is only known from several cork-oak forests of Catalonia and the Valencian Community, where it always grows on virgin bark of Quercus suber. The new species is compared with Rinodina poeltiana, somewhat similar in habit, as well as with other corticolous blastidiate Rinodina species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinho, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Augusto, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martins-Loução, M. a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, M. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soares, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Máguas, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branquinho, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Causes of change in nitrophytic and oligotrophic lichen species in a Mediterranean climate: impact of land cover and atmospheric pollutants.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Distance of influence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen tolerance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollutant sources</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18222577</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">154</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">380 - 389</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">With the aim of determining the main drivers of changes in nitrophytic and oligotrophic macro-lichen communities in an industrial region with a Mediterranean climate, we considered both land-cover types and atmospheric pollutants. We determined the relation between the abundance of nitrophytic and oligotrophic species with environmental factors considering the distance of influence of land-cover types. The results showed that oligotrophic species decreased in the proximity of artificial areas, barren land and agricultural areas, associated with higher concentrations of NO2 and Zn, and Ti, probably dust of industrial and agricultural origin. Nitrophytic species were positively related to all the mentioned land-cover types, and with higher concentrations of Fe and N. Magnesium, probably from ocean aerosols, was negatively related to oligotrophic species and positively to nitrophytic.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 18222577</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia Lopez, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALLUÉ CAMACHO, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytoclimatic versatility and potential diversity of natural arboreal forest cover in peninsular Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INVESTIGACION AGRARIA-SISTEMAS Y RECURSOS FORESTALES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simpson Index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suitability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">297 - 307</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A multivariate methodology was assayed to evaluate the phytoclimatic versatility of peninsular Spain and how this relates to the potential diversity of natural tree covers. The instances of greatest phytoclimatic versatility occur in a range of altitude between 1000 and 1300 m; these are cool phytoclimates with only short, low-intensity periods of aridity. These factorial ambits of maximum versatility correspond chiefly to the substeppe nemoral subtype VI(VII), followed by genuine nemoral VI and humid nemoromediterranean VI(IV)(2) subtypes. The lowest values of versatility and potential diversity correspond to dry genuine Mediterranean (IV(1)) or transitional Mediterranean IV(VI)(1) subtypes and to alpine oroborealoid or oroarcticoid subtypes. In geographical terms, intermediate mountain areas in the north of the Peninsula and some massifs in the southern half score the highest in the Diversity Index used. The lowest scores are found in the southern half of the Peninsula, although in the northern half low scores are also found for littoral areas, interior areas of the Duero and Ebro basins and alpine areas. Autoecological phytoclimatic spectra headed by stands of Pinus nigra and Quercus petraea present the greatest phytoclimatic versatility, while those headed by Quercus ilex ballota and Pinus uncinata stands present the least versatility. This article offers new methodological horizons for the study of the effects of climate change on plant diversity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: CTRA CORUNA KM 7 5, MADRID, 28040, SPAIN&lt;br/&gt;publisher: INST NACIONAL INVESTIGACION TECHNOLOGIA AGRARIA ALIMENTARIA</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taboada, Ángela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tárrega, Reyes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calvo, Leonor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marcos, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marcos, José Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salgado, José María</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and carabid beetle species diversity in relation to forest type and structural heterogeneity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carabid beetles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pine plantations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">understory vegetation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10342-008-0245-3</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31 - 45</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1034200802453</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to evaluate the inﬂuence of forest structure (mainly resulting from human uses) and forest type (the identity of the dominant tree species) on biodiversity. We determined the diversity of two taxonomical groups: the understory vegetation and the edaphic carabid beetle fauna. We selected eight types of forest ecosystems (ﬁve replicates or stands per forest type): pine (Pinus sylvestris) plantations of three age classes (10, 40 and 80 years since reforestation), an old-growth relict natural pine forest, and four types of oak (Quercus pyrenaica) stands: mature forests with livestock grazing and ﬁrewood extraction, mature forests where uses have been abandoned, ‘‘dehesa’’ ecosystems and shrubby oak ecosystems. The results obtained by a global PCA analysis indicated that both tree size and dominant species inﬂuenced the ordination of the 40 forest stands. In general, carabids were more sensitive to changes in forest heterogeneity and responded more clearly to the analysed structural variables than the understory vegetation, although the species richness of both groups was signiﬁ- cantly correlated and higher in case of oak forests. Pine forest ecosystems were characterised by the lowest species richness for both taxonomical groups, the lowest plant diversity and by the lowest coefﬁcients of variation and, consequently, low structural heterogeneity. As a result, it was very difﬁcult to discriminate the effects of the spatial heterogeneity and the dominant tree species on biodiversity</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aparicio, Abelardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Descriptive analysis of the ‘relictual’ Mediterranean landscape in the Guadalquivir River valley (southern Spain): a baseline for scientific research and the development of conservation action plans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connectivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fragstats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat fragmentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat loss</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isolation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10531-007-9295-y</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2219 - 2232</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape fragmentation is ancient and severe in the countryside of the Guadalquivir river valley (Western Andalusia, Southern Spain). BIANDOCC is a project that aims to inventory all the forest patches embedded in this anthropogenic area to record quantitative, qualitative, and descriptive information about management, conservation status, vegetation physiognomy and Xoristic richness. We have characterized a ‘relictual’ landscape (t1% of habitat retention) where nearly 70% of the patches (N = 535) are owned by private landowners who manage them to harvest pine nuts, cork, and Wrewood, for coal making, cattle raising, and to a lesser extent, beekeeping and agriculture. The publicly owned patches are intensively used for recreation. As a consequence, the vegetation physiognomy and conservation status in most forest stands is impoverished, with low shrub diversity and coverage and none or very low natural tree regeneration. Furthermore, patch size, connectedness and patch fractal dimension (i.e. microhabitat diversity) are all very low. However, the botanic richness is worth mentioning: 1,032 plant taxa have been identiWed, of which 70 are catalogued in an oYcial red list, 39 are relevant chorological novelties, and one was newly described for science. Therefore, and interestingly, the remnant forest patches in the studied area can be regarded as relevant biodiversity reservoirs. The project reported here constitutes an important baseline for developing true conservation action plans and provides an opportunity to address the potential ecological and biological eVects of fragmentation to plant genes, species, populations and communities, at the regional scale of the study, which are enhanced by the emergent landscape genetics and landscape ecology analytical tools.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rogosic, Jozo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estell, Richard E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skobic, Dragan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanic, Svjetlana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of secondary compound complementarity and species diversity on consumption of Mediterranean shrubs by sheep</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Animal Behaviour Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complementarity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean maquis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saponins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Secondary compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrubs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tannins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168159106003236</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58 - 65</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Generalist herbivores foraging in chemically diverse grazing ecosystems like the Mediterranean maquis increase intake on mixed diets, suggesting they are more able to meet nutritional needs and avoid toxicosis. Thus, our objectives were to determine how shrub species diversity and complementary interactions between tannins and saponins inﬂuence intake of Mediterranean shrubs by sheep. We conducted four experiments (10 days each) comparing intake of mixtures of Mediterranean shrubs varying in number of species and/or principal class of secondary compound (tannins or saponins) by sheep (n = 12). Sheep consumed more total foliage (P &lt; 0.01) when offered a high-tannin shrub (Pistacia lentiscus; Exp. 1), two high-tannin shrubs (P. lentiscus and Arbutus unedo; Exp. 2), or three high-tannin shrubs (P. lentiscus, A. unedo, and Quercus ilex; Exp. 3) when fed in conjunction with a high-saponin shrub (Hedera helix) than with an equal number of high-tannin shrubs (20.9 g/kg BW versus 16.3 g/kg BW; 28.8 g/kg BW versus 20.8 g/kg BW; and 35.3 g/kg BW versus 26.9 g/kg BW). Likewise, sheep ate more foliage (P &lt; 0.01) of each additional individual shrub (P. lentiscus, A. unedo, and Q. ilex) in the mixture when fed with H. helix than with an equal number of high-tannin shrubs (8.2 g/kg BW versus 5.0 g/kg BW; 13.3 g/kg BW versus 10.7 g/kg BW; and 7.6 g/kg BW versus 5.2 g/kg BW; Exps. 1–3, respectively), suggesting a complementary interaction between tannins and saponins may have occurred. Sheep also appeared to increase total shrub intake as number of shrub species on offer increased, regardless of number of classes of compounds present. Our ﬁndings suggest that secondary compounds in Mediterranean shrubs (tannins and saponins) are complementary. Species diversity also plays an important role in diet selection, as plant species with different types and amounts of nutrients and phytotoxins may affect forage intake and animal production. This knowledge will help livestock producers to capitalize on phytochemical interactions to enhance intake, optimize forage utilization, and ultimately improve performance of browsing ruminant herbivores</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rogosic, Jozo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estell, Richard E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skobic, Dragan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martinovic, Anita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maric, Stanislava</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Role of species diversity and secondary compound complementarity on diet selection of Mediterranean shrubs by goats.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of chemical ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maquis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean shrubs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saponins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Secondary compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tannins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16770718</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1279 - 1287</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goats foraging on Mediterranean shrubs containing secondary compounds (toxins) may consume a variety of shrubs that contain different phytotoxins, thereby increasing shrub intake and avoiding toxicosis. We conducted eight experiments to examine whether goats offered different mixtures of shrubs containing different phytotoxins (tannins and saponins) would consume more shrub biomass than goats offered one shrub a single phytotoxin (tannin or saponin). In the first three experiments, goats fed a mixture of three tannin-rich shrubs (Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo, and Pistacia lentiscus) ate more foliage than goats offered only one shrub (23.2 vs. 10.7 g/kg BW; 25.2 vs. 13.4 g/kg BW, and 27.9 vs. 7.9 g/kg BW), regardless of tannin concentration in individual shrub species. Goats also consumed more foliage when offered the same three tannin-rich shrubs than when offered the saponin-rich shrub Hedera helix (25.4 vs. 8.0 g/kg BW). However, goats offered a mixture of the same three tannin-rich shrubs consumed less foliage than goats offered a mixture of two shrubs containing tannins and saponins: Quercus and Hedera (21.6 vs. 27.1 g/kg BW), Arbutus and Hedera (21.8 vs. 27.1 g/kg BW), and Pistacia and Hedera (19.7 vs. 22.0 g/kg BW). Comparison of intake of shrubs containing only tannins or saponins to intake of shrubs containing both tannins and saponins indicated that goats consumed more total biomass when fed with shrubs with both classes of compounds than with either tannins or saponins alone. Our results suggest that goats can increase intake of Mediterranean shrubs high in secondary compounds by selecting those with different classes of phytotoxins. Simultaneous ingestion of shrubs containing tannins and saponins may promote chemical interactions that inhibit toxic effects of these phytotoxins in the intestinal tract. In addition to complementary interactions between tannins and saponins, biological diversity within Mediterranean maquis vegetation also plays a positive role in increasing shrub intake by goats.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 16770718</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Godinho-Ferreira, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uva, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cunha, J.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marchetti, M.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Combination of structural and compositional factors for describing forest types using national forest inventory data</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monitoring and Indicators of Forest Biodiversity in Europe - From Ideas to Operationality</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest types</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">national forest inventory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vertical structure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPEAN FOREST INSTITUTE</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153 - 162</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">952-5453-04-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For the first time in Portugal, simple variables describing the vertical structure and the composition of forests on the Portuguese mainland were included in the 2258 sample plots of the National Forest Inventory (DGF 2001). The vertical forest structure was assessed by percentage cover of seven height. classes and the composition of the different layers was described using plant species, or groups of plant species, easily identifiable in the field. Cluster analysis, in particular K-means statistics, was performed using combinations of vertical structure and compositional data, resulting in ten main natural groups or forest types: 1) Quercus pyrenaica forests; 2) Other deciduous oak forests; 3) Arbutus unedo forests; 4) Cistus shrubs; 5) Cytisus shrubs; 6) Acacia forests; 7) Quercus suber forests; 8) Pinus pinaster forests; 9) Eucalyptus forests; and 10) Other forests. The last four groups were further subdivided according to the vertical structure resulting in twenty final forest types. The geographical distribution of these forests types and the implications for biodiversity and other forest issues are presented and discussed.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Monitoring and Indicators of Forest Biodiversity in Europe - From Ideas to Operationality&lt;br/&gt;issue: 51&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: TORIKATU 34, FIN-80100 JOENSUU, FINLAND</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabbio, Gianfranco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merlo, Maurizio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tosi, Vittorio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvicultural management in maintaining biodiversity and resistance of forests in Europe—the Mediterranean region</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Environmental Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptive management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economic and policy implications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multipurpose role of forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silvicultural management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479702001895</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67 - 76</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outstanding features of Mediterranean forest area are highlighted with a special reference to biodiversity and connections with forest management. The naturally originated and anthropogenic progress of the mosaic-like evolution, as well as the man-induced factors and natural constraints are described. The past and present close linkages between management and biodiversity are then analysed by means of a few, outstanding cases typical of the geographical region. The management shift on increasing economically marginal forest area (abandonment) appears to be the major force currently driving connections with inherent and associated biodiversity. The goals following the new-established environmental roles of forests have shifted towards adaptive management, namely the implementation of locally tailored rules in accordance with prominent forest functions. Key priorities to face up to the new scenarios are then discussed. Economic and policy implications are addressed with reference to multipurpose forestry and the related annual ﬂow of outputs. It is shown the role of water-related services, as well the provision of various non-wood forest products and public goods in addition to wood and other traditional forest outputs. Reference is also made to the dualism between the Northern and the South-Eastern Mediterranean countries due to different level of economic development (and pressure of forest resources) together with very different institutional structures, i.e. public ownership in Southern and South-Eastern Mediterranean countries. Nevertheless, the situation is going to become more harmonious in the medium run by growing economic development, the afﬁrmation of local rights on forest resources, globalisation and, above all, rural out migration and exchanges of peoples conﬁrming the traditional role of the Mediterranean Region at cross road of South–North and Eastern– Western cultures.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Villa, M. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARAÑON, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrido, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil seed bank and floristic diversity in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forests conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nomenclature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1658/1100-9233(2003)014[0701:SSBAFD]2.0.CO;2</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil seed bank and floristic diversity were studied in a forest of Quercus suber, a forest of Quercus canariensis and a grassland, forming a vegetation mosaic in Los Alcornocales Natural Park, southern Spain. The soil seed bank was estimated by the germination technique. In each community patch, diversity, woody species cover and herbaceous species frequency was measured. Three biodiversity components – species richness, endemism and taxonomic singularity – were considered in the vegetation and the seed bank. Forest patches had a soil seed bank of ca. 11 200-14 100 seed.m–2 and their composition had low resemblance to (epigeal) vegetation. The grassland patch had a more dense seed bank (ca. 31 800 seed.m–2 ) and a higher index of similarity with vegetation, compared with the forests nearby. The complete forest diversity was 71-78 species on 0.1 ha, including 12-15 species found only in the seed bank; the grassland species richness was higher (113 species on 0.1 ha). We discuss the role of soil seed banks in the vegetation dynamics and in the complete plant biodiversity of the mosaic landscape studied.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giseppe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oswald, Helfried</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piussi, Pietro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radoglou, Kalliopi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests of the Mediterranean region: gaps in knowledge and research needs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silviculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112700003832</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97 - 109</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests are characterised by a remarkable set of features that make them naturally and aesthetically attractive, on the one hand, but also quite fragile, on the other, therefore calling for careful strategies for their conservation and management. An exceptionally large variation of environmental conditions characterises the Mediterranean countries, where the environment can limit forest growth and succession but can also give rise, more often than it is supposed, to lush, mesic forest ecosystems, similar to those of central Europe. Moreover, Mediterranean forests contain an ample, plant and animal biological diversity, exempli®ed by the large number of tree species as compared to Nordic forests, and by their relatively high genetic variability due to the survival of many conifer and broadleaf species in southern European refuges, during the glacial periods. Another peculiar aspect of this region is the long-lasting manipulation of trees, forests and landscapes, since ancient times, with the diffusion all over the Mediterranean basin of such species as Pinus pinea, Cupressus sempervirens, Castanea sativa, and Quercus suber. The harsh and unpredictable climate, the dif®cult socio-economic conditions and the history of over-exploitation of the Mediterranean forests require that a scienti®cally sound conservation strategy and a locally-tailored sustainable management should be implemented. In particular, the need for identifying those silvicultural and management strategies appropriate for southern European forests should be stressed. Obviously, this consideration will have important effects on the de®nition of criteria for sustainability and eco-certi®cation. Also, social issues should be considered key factors for effective forest conservation in the Mediterranean region, otherwise it will be impossible to control forest ®res and landscape degradation. Based on these considerations a number of research priorities are discussed, with special consideration to possible impacts that global change may have on Mediterranean forest ecosystems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coûteaux, Marie-Madeleine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kurz, Cathy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bottner, Pierre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raschi, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration on quality of plant material and litter decomposition</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lignin content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrogen content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/4-5/301.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">301 - 311</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen (N) and lignin concentrations in plant tissues and litter of plants grown in greenhouses or open-top chambers in elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration were compared with those of plants grown in ambient air in short-term studies. We also compared the N concentration of plant material of Quercus ilex L. and Q. pubescens Willd. growing in the vicinity of natural CO2-springs with that of the same species growing at a control site. In the short-term studies, elevated CO2 caused significant decreases in tissue N concentration and the extent of the decrease varied with species. Nitrogen amendment of the soil lessened the CO2-enrichment effect. Lignin concentration was modified by elevated CO2 and the effect was species specific, but no general positive or negative trend was evident. A comparison of trees growing under natural conditions near a natural CO2-spring and at a control site revealed no site differences in N concentration of the plant material. A comparison of published results on decomposition rates of litter produced in elevated atmospheric CO2 and in ambient air indicated that CO2 enrichment can cause both enhancements and decreases of carbon mineralization. We conclude that (1) long-term responses to elevated CO2 could differ from the results obtained from short-term studies and that (2) biodiversity could be an important factor altering the sign of the feedback on atmospheric CO2 concentration. We also discuss the implications of our finding of a long-term, inhibitory effect of the initial N concentration of litter on the decomposition rate of litter and its consequence on ecosystem feedback.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/19.4-5.30110.1093/treephys/19.4-5.301</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beaufoy, G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The EU Habitats Directive in Spain: can it contribute effectively to the conservation of extensive agroâ€ecosystems?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Applied Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extensive farming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">policy instruments.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.1998.tb00017.x/abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">974 - 978</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. By adopting the Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43 of 21 May 1992 on the con- servation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora) in 1992, the governments of the European Community committed themselves to the creation of the Natura 2000 ecological network, with the aim of conserving an extensive range of European habitat types and wildlife species. In doing so, they set in motion the most significant initiative for nature conservation in the history of Europe. 2. In Spain, Natura 2000 will have a considerable impact on the conservation of habitats and species, potentially increasing the percentage of national territory within protected areas from 6% to as much as 20%. 3. This paper aims to illustrate the importance of extensive farming systems to the maintenance of habitats within Natura 2000, and vice versa.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record></records></xml>