<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coelho, Marta Baptista</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paulo, Joana Amaral</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palma, João Henrique Nunes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomé, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contribution of cork oak plantations installed after 1990 in Portugal to the Kyoto commitments and to the landowners economy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Policy and Economics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Sequestration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kyoto protocol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New plantations area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1389934111001845</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59 - 68</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak stands are a part of the agroforestry ecosystem in Portugal, characterized by a low crown cover from cork oak trees, managed towards cork production, and sometimes in combination with grazing. In recent years, European Union policies gave impetus to a large area of new cork oak plantations, which have been established mainly for cork production purposes, and consequently with higher stand density than traditional agroforestry systems. These plantations are important not only for cork production but also for the carbon sequestered by these slow growing forests that won't be harvested for wood production. Thinning operations will be needed to avoid excessive inter-tree competition and wood extracted from these thinning may also provide income for the owners. In the present study, carbon sequestered and wood volumes resulting from thinning were estimated for the next 70 years. Three scenarios of different annual afforestation rates and different site indexes were tested. The resulting values for the considered scenarios show that, if the plantation rates are maintained, new cork oak plantations will have an important contribution to the Portuguese commitments to providing CO2 offsets under the Kyoto protocol. Additionally, due to the increasing values of initial density in new cork plantations, cork oak forests will produce a signiﬁcant volume of wood that may become an important contribution to the landowners' income.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caparros, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdá, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ovando, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon sequestration with reforestations and biodiversity-scenic values</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and Resource Economics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Accounting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Sequestration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimal Control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scenic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stated Preferences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/g3385775170564n2.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49 - 72</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents an optimal control model to analyze reforestations with two different species, including commercial values, carbon sequestration and biodiversity or scenic values. We solve the model qualitatively with general functions and discuss the implications of partial or total internalization of environmental values, showing that internalizing only carbon sequestration may have negative impacts on biodiversityscenic values. To evaluate the practical relevance, we compare reforestations in the South-west of Spain with cork-oaks (a slow growing native species) and with eucalyptus (a fast growing alien species). We do the analysis with two different carbon crediting methods: the Carbon Flow Method and the Ton Year Accounting Method. With the .first method forest surface increases more, but using mainly eucalyptus. With the second, additional reforestations are done mainly using cork-oaks. We value the impact on visitors of these reforestations using stated preferences methods, showing that when these values are internalized cork-oaks are favored.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andreetta, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciampalini, Rossano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moretti, Pierpaolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vingiani, Simona</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poggio, Giorgio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matteucci, Giorgio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tescari, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carnicelli, Stefano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest humus forms as potential indicators of soil carbon storage in Mediterranean environments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology and Fertility of Soils</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon pools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Sequestration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humus forms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stabilization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00374-010-0499-z</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31 - 40</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of forest humus forms as indicators of soil C storage. To this purpose, Mediterranean forest soils in Southern and Central Italy were examined. Sites differed for elevation, climate, parent material and vegetation conditions, while summer drought was the common ecological factor. A morpho-functional criterion, based on holorganic layers thickness and A horizon properties, was used to classify humus forms, which ranged from Dysmoder to Eumull. Such variability allowed understanding of factors influencing organic matter storage. The relations between carbon stock and humus form were investigated for the topsoil layer (0–20 cm), which was supposed to contain the soil C pools most sensitive to climate change. We found that humus forms can be grouped in statistically different populations, with respect to topsoil C stocks. The use of A horizon structure was the main diagnostic criterion and represented the most effective approach to humus classification in Mediterranean conditions. It appears that humus forms have a clear potential as indicators of organic carbon status in Mediterranean forest soils.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos, Pablo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caparros, Alejandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdá, Emilio</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weintraub, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romero, Carlos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørndal, Trond</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epstein, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miranda, Jaime</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling Multifunctional Agroforestry Systems with Environmental Values: Dehesa in Spain and Woodland Ranches in California</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Handbook Of Operations Research In Natural Resources</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Sequestration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Firewood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak woodlands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimal Control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">optimization model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-71815-6_3</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer US</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33 - 52</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-0-387-71814-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The high environmental and amenity values of Mediterranean oak woodlands influence the response of the public and landowners to market forces and to public policies for the management of oak woodland areas. In California and in Spain, woodlands with a Quercus overstory open enough to allow the development of a significant grassy or shrubby understory harbor exceptional levels of biodiversity, provide watershed and habitat, sequester carbon, offer historically meaningful landscapes, and are pleasing to the eye. For historic reasons, and because of the social and environmental values of the woodlands for their owners, large private holdings based on sylvopastoral enterprises have and will have a crucial role in the future of the woodlands. Simple financial models for predicting landowner behavior based on response to market forces do not explain landowner retention of oaks without incorporation of landowner consumption of environmental and amenity values from the property, because landowner utility for oaks is not fully accounted for. By the same token, predicting the best afforestation approach considering carbon sequestration alone without consideration of the biodiversity and amenity values of native oaks risks an overvaluation of planting alien species that could have negative environmental and social consequences. Reforestation models for carbon sequestration that do not incorporate biodiversity and public amenity values might favor plantings of alien species such as eucalyptus; however, this does not take into account the high public and private consumption values of native oaks.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Handbook Of Operations Research In Natural Resources&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: 10.1007/978-0-387-71815-6</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tognetti, Roberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherubini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INNES, JOHN L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative stem-growth rates of Mediterranean trees under background and naturally enhanced ambient CO2 concentrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Phytologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo (strawberry tree)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Sequestration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural CO2 springs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex (holm oak)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree rings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00620.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59 - 74</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ring widths of five Mediterranean forest tree species (Arbutus unedo, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus cerris, Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens) growing close to a natural source of CO2 in Tuscany, Italy and at a nearby control site were compared. At the CO2-enriched site, trees have been growing for decades under elevated CO2 concentrations. They originated from parent trees that also grew under elevated CO2 in natural conditions, and they have been continuously exposed to elevated CO2 throughout their growth. Tree-ring series from each of the species were prepared. Assigning calendar dates to rings was difficult but possible, and ring-width series were built for all species. The ring-width data were analysed using a two-sided t-test to assess if there was a difference between the radial growth at the CO2-enriched site and the control site. The cumulative basal area at the same cambial age at both sites was also compared using a Wilcoxon test. Radial growth of trees at the CO2-enriched site was not significantly different from growth at the control site. For each species, year by year, radial growth at the CO2-enriched site was tested against the control site and significant differences were found in only a few years; these differences were not synchronous with extreme climatic events. The expected increase in above-ground productivity, as one of the ecosystem responses to increasing CO2 during drought stress, was not observed in this Mediterranean woody plant community, despite being water-limited. Other resource limitations, such as low nutrient availability (common in the Mediterranean region), may have counteracted the positive effect of elevated CO2 under drought stress, or trees may have acclimated to the high CO2.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Cambridge University Press</style></notes></record></records></xml>