<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Castro, Alberto Vázquez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliet, Juan A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puértolas, Jaime</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacobs, Douglass F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puértolas, Jaime</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacobs, Douglass F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Light transmissivity of tube shelters affects root growth and biomass allocation of Quercus ilex L. and Pinus halepensis Mill</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleppo pine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Light ambient response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transplanting performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treeshelters</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER FRANCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91-99</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Context Tube shelters have been shown to enhance field performance of several Mediterranean species, but responses of newly planted seedlings to the microenvironment induced by shelter walls with different light transmissivity are still poorly documented. Aims We studied effects of a range of shelters with varying light transmissivity on post-planting seedling responses during the wet season establishment phase for two Mediterranean trees of contrasting functional ecology. Methods Root growth, biomass allocation, water potential, and chlorophyll fluorescence of Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis seedlings were evaluated across shelters varying in light transmissivity (80, 40, 20, and 10 % plus a mesh shelter) with irrigation. Results Plants in dark tubes (20 and 10 % light transmissivity) had less above-and belowground growth and more than two times greater leaf to protruding roots mass ratio, with shoot growth response of Q. ilex being less plastic. Ratio of leaf area/protruding roots area decreased when light transmissivity increased, although no differences were found at &gt;= 40 % transmissivity. Xylem water potential indicated lack of water stress, and high maximum photosynthetic efficiency (F-v/F-m) values show no photoinhibition symptoms irrespective of light transmissivity. Conclusion Shelter transmissivity &gt;= 40 % promotes rapid and vigorous root growth immediately after planting for these species. This minimum transmissivity should be considered as a target when designing shelters to help root development and improve water balance of Mediterranean seedlings.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Padilla, Francisco M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miranda, Juan de Dios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ortega, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hervás, Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez, Joaquín</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pugnaire, Francisco I</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Does shelter enhance early seedling survival in dry environments? A test with eight Mediterranean species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arid environments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree shelters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woody seedlings</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31-39</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Question: Do solid-walled polyethylene tubes and mesh fabric tubes improve the short-term survival of eight Mediterranean tree and shrub species often used in the restoration of arid environments? Location: We conducted two experimental plantations in degraded field sites in the province of Almería (SE Spain), under arid Mediterranean conditions. Methods: One-year-old seedlings of Ceratonia siliqua, Juniperus phoenicea, Olea europaea, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, Quercus coccifera, Quercus ilex and Tetraclinis articulata were planted either sheltered by one of the above shelter tubes, or by being left unsheltered. Survival was recorded the first growing season after planting, which was a very dry season. Results: Overall, seedling survival ranged from as little as 0% to 24%, and tree shelters consistently enhanced survival in Quercus species only, ranging from 16% in walled shelters to 8% in mesh shelters. Shelters failed to boost survival in the six remaining species. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that both walled and mesh shelters were mostly ineffective at increasing seedling survival for the Mediterranean species used in this experiment; these species coincide with those used in restoration programs. The use of shelters in restoration programs conducted in arid environments should be reconsidered, while walled shelters might be advisable for Mediterranean Quercus species only. Further research is necessary to develop and assess improved types of shelters for arid environments.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siles, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rey, P J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alcántara, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-fire restoration of Mediterranean forests: Testing assembly rules mediated by facilitation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basic and Applied Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean fires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nurse effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nurse plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant-plant interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-fire regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">422-431</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In view of the importance of facilitative interactions between plants, nurse-based planting has been proposed as a restoration technique for Mediterranean vegetation. However, facilitation efﬁciency is known to depend on the environmental context and the particular pair of interacting species. Understanding these context- and pair-speciﬁc dependences is fundamental to understanding Mediterranean vegetation dynamics and to improving the use of nurse-based plantation for restoration. We assessed the effectiveness of nurse-based plantation and the signiﬁcance for post-ﬁre restoration of some assembly rules mediated by facilitation. In two nearby areas of different burning ages, we compared seedling establishment of 13 tall shrubs and trees planted in open ground and under nurses. Nurses and planted seedlings were selected from different life-forms. Tests of the assembly rules were provided by the partitioning of the statistical interaction effect between nurse and planted seedling life-forms in a two-factor design. Nurse-based plantation increased seedling survival 2–9 times compared to plantation in open ground, depending on the year. The higher efﬁciency of nurse-based plantation was consistent for the two burned areas and occurred in many species even in years with contrasting rainfall. We detected pair-speciﬁc differences in the efﬁciency of facilitation. This pair-speciﬁcity was partly explained by the dependence between life-forms of nurse and guest species, suggesting the existence of assembly rules. Our results conﬁrm that nurse-based plantation would be an appropriate post-ﬁre restoration technique in Mediterranean mountains under dry-subhumid climate, but suggest that attention to the life-form assemblage rules is needed for an efﬁcient implementation of such technique.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortés, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ESPELTA, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Save, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biel, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of a nursery CO 2 enriched atmosphere on the germination and seedling morphology of two Mediterranean oaks with contrasting leaf habit</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Forests</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean-type ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursery techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerrioides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildﬁre</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79-88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of an enriched CO2 atmosphere in tree nurseries has been envisaged as a promising technique to increase productivity and to obtain seedlings with a higher root/shoot ratio, an essential trait to respond to water stress in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In that framework, we have analyzed the effects of three levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration (350, 500 and 700 ppm) on the germination rate, growth and morphology of seedlings of two Mediterranean oaks used in reforestation programs: the evergreen Quercus ilex L. and the deciduous Quercus cerrioides Wilk. et Costa. CO2 enrichment increased the germination rate of Q. cerrioides (from 70 7 to 81 3%) while it decreased that of Q. ilex (from 71 10 to 41 12%). Seedlings of both species increased approximately 60% their total biomass in response to CO2 enrichment but at two different CO2 concentrations: 500 ppm for Q. cerrioides and 700 ppm for Q. ilex. This increase in seedlings biomass was entirely due to an augmentation of root biomass. Considering germination and biomass partitioning, an enriched CO2 atmosphere might not be appropriate for growing Mediterranean evergreen oaks, such as Q. ilex, since it reduces acorn germination and the only gains in root biomass occur at a high concentration (700 ppm). On the other hand, a moderate CO2 enrichment (500 ppm) appears as a promising nursery technique to stimulate the germination, growth and root/shoot ratio of deciduous oaks, such as Q. cerrioides</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortés, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Save, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biel, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of a nursery CO 2 enriched atmosphere on the germination and seedling morphology of two Mediterranean oaks with contrasting leaf habit</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Forests</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean-type ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursery techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerrioides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildﬁre</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/T42225U564534875.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79 - 88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of an enriched CO2 atmosphere in tree nurseries has been envisaged as a promising technique to increase productivity and to obtain seedlings with a higher root/shoot ratio, an essential trait to respond to water stress in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In that framework, we have analyzed the effects of three levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration (350, 500 and 700 ppm) on the germination rate, growth and morphology of seedlings of two Mediterranean oaks used in reforestation programs: the evergreen Quercus ilex L. and the deciduous Quercus cerrioides Wilk. et Costa. CO2 enrichment increased the germination rate of Q. cerrioides (from 70 7 to 81 3%) while it decreased that of Q. ilex (from 71 10 to 41 12%). Seedlings of both species increased approximately 60% their total biomass in response to CO2 enrichment but at two different CO2 concentrations: 500 ppm for Q. cerrioides and 700 ppm for Q. ilex. This increase in seedlings biomass was entirely due to an augmentation of root biomass. Considering germination and biomass partitioning, an enriched CO2 atmosphere might not be appropriate for growing Mediterranean evergreen oaks, such as Q. ilex, since it reduces acorn germination and the only gains in root biomass occur at a high concentration (700 ppm). On the other hand, a moderate CO2 enrichment (500 ppm) appears as a promising nursery technique to stimulate the germination, growth and root/shoot ratio of deciduous oaks, such as Q. cerrioides</style></abstract></record></records></xml>