<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lempereur, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Limousin, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin-StPaul, N K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ourcival, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez-Calcerrada, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How drought severity constrains GPP and its partitioning among carbon pools in a Quercus ilex coppice?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogeosciences Discuss.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon sink</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GPP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Copernicus Publications</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8673-8711</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The partitioning of photosynthates toward biomass compartments has a crucial role in the carbon sink function of forests. Few studies have examined how carbon is allocated toward plant compartments in drought prone forests. We analyzed the fate of GPP in relation to yearly water deficit in an old evergreen Mediterranean Quercus ilex coppice severely affected by water limitations. Gross and net carbon fluxes between the ecosystem and the atmosphere were measured with an eddy-covariance flux tower running continuously since 2001. Discrete measurements of litterfall, stem growth and fAPAR allowed us to derive annual productions of leaves, wood, flowers and acorns and an isometric relationship between stem and belowground biomass has been used to estimate perennial belowground growth. By combining eddy-covariance fluxes with annual productions we managed to close a C budget and derive values of autotrophic and heterotrophic respirations, NPP and carbon use efficiency (CUE, the ratio between NPP and GPP). Average values of yearly NEP, GPP and Reco were 282, 1259 and 977 g C m−2. The corresponding ANPP components were 142.5, 26.4 and 69.6 g C m−2 for leaves, reproductive effort (flowers and fruits) and stems. Gross and net carbon exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere were affected by annual water deficit. Partitioning to the different plant compartments was also impacted by drought, with a hierarchy of responses going from the most affected, the stem growth, to the least affected, the leaf production. The average CUE was 0.40, which is well in the range for Mediterranean-type forest ecosystems. CUE tended to decrease more slightly in response to drought than GPP and NPP, probably due to drought-acclimation of autotrophic respiration. Overall, our results provide a baseline for modeling the inter-annual variations of carbon fluxes and allocation in this widespread Mediterranean ecosystem and highlight the value of maintaining continuous experimental measurements over the long term.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davi, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dufrêne, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">François, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le Maire, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loustau, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bosc, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granier, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moors, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sensitivity of water and carbon fluxes to climate changes from 1960 to 2100 in European forest ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canopy scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon sink</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168192306002437</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35 - 56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effects of climate changes on carbon and water ﬂuxes are quantiﬁed using a physiologically multi-layer, process-based model containing a carbon allocation model and coupled with a soil model (CASTANEA). The model is ﬁrst evaluated on four EUROFLUX sites using eddy covariance data, which provide estimates of carbon and water ﬂuxes at the ecosystem scale. It correctly reproduces the diurnal ﬂuxes and the seasonal pattern. Thereafter simulations were conducted on six French forest ecosystems representative of three climatic areas (oceanic, continental and Mediterranean areas) dominated by deciduous species (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur), coniferous species (Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris) or sclerophyllous evergreen species (Quercus ilex). The model is driven by the results of a meteorological model (ARPEGE) following the B2 scenario of IPCC. From 1960 to 2100, the average temperature increases by 3.1 8C (30%) and the rainfall during summer decreases by 68 mm (27%). For all the sites, between the two periods, the simulations predict on average a gross primary production (GPP) increase of 513 g(C) m 2 (+38%). This increase is relatively steep until 2020, followed by a slowing down of the GPP rise due to an increase of the effect of water stress. Contrary to GPP, the ecosystem respiration (Reco ) raises at a constant rate (350 g(C) m 2 i.e. 31% from 1960 to 2100). The dynamics of the net ecosystem productivity (GPP minus Reco ) is the consequence of the effect on both GPP and Reco and differs per site. The ecosystems always remain carbon sinks; however the sink strength globally decreases for coniferous (8%), increases for sclerophyllous evergreen (+34%) and strongly increases for deciduous forest (+67%) that largely beneﬁts by the lengthening of the foliated period. The separately quantiﬁed effects of the main variables (temperature, length of foliated season, CO2 fertilization, drought effect), show that the magnitude of these effects depends on the species and the climatic zone</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davi, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dufrêne, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Francois, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le Maire, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loustau, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bosc, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GRANIER, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moors, E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sensitivity of water and carbon fluxes to climate changes from 1960 to 2100 in European forest ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canopy scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon sink</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effects of climate changes on carbon and water ﬂuxes are quantiﬁed using a physiologically multi-layer, process-based model containing a carbon allocation model and coupled with a soil model (CASTANEA). The model is ﬁrst evaluated on four EUROFLUX sites using eddy covariance data, which provide estimates of carbon and water ﬂuxes at the ecosystem scale. It correctly reproduces the diurnal ﬂuxes and the seasonal pattern. Thereafter simulations were conducted on six French forest ecosystems representative of three climatic areas (oceanic, continental and Mediterranean areas) dominated by deciduous species (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur), coniferous species (Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris) or sclerophyllous evergreen species (Quercus ilex). The model is driven by the results of a meteorological model (ARPEGE) following the B2 scenario of IPCC. From 1960 to 2100, the average temperature increases by 3.1 8C (30%) and the rainfall during summer decreases by 68 mm (27%). For all the sites, between the two periods, the simulations predict on average a gross primary production (GPP) increase of 513 g(C) m 2 (+38%). This increase is relatively steep until 2020, followed by a slowing down of the GPP rise due to an increase of the effect of water stress. Contrary to GPP, the ecosystem respiration (Reco ) raises at a constant rate (350 g(C) m 2 i.e. 31% from 1960 to 2100). The dynamics of the net ecosystem productivity (GPP minus Reco ) is the consequence of the effect on both GPP and Reco and differs per site. The ecosystems always remain carbon sinks; however the sink strength globally decreases for coniferous (8%), increases for sclerophyllous evergreen (+34%) and strongly increases for deciduous forest (+67%) that largely beneﬁts by the lengthening of the foliated period. The separately quantiﬁed effects of the main variables (temperature, length of foliated season, CO2 fertilization, drought effect), show that the magnitude of these effects depends on the species and the climatic zone</style></abstract></record></records></xml>