<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carmona, Carlos P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azcárate, Francisco M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oteros-Rozas, Elisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González, José A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peco, Begoña</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing the effects of seasonal grazing on holm oak regeneration: Implications for the conservation of Mediterranean dehesas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural intensification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Browsing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transhumance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320712004831</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">240 - 247</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scattered trees in agricultural landscapes are globally declining due to the intensification of agricultural practices. Dehesas, highly species-diverse Mediterranean open woodlands, are seriously affected by this decline, because of a generalized regeneration failure of oak, which compromise their long-term stability. Traditionally, dehesas were the wintering areas for transhumant herds, but transhumance is disappearing in the Mediterranean, due to multiple causes. Reductions in grazing intensity or grazing abandonment have been proposed to improve oak regeneration in dehesas, but the effect of the recovery of non-continuous grazing practices such as transhumance has not been tested to date. We measured different indicators of holm oak regeneration and condition in dehesas under transhumant grazing and in dehesas under permanent grazing in southern Spain. Oak juveniles were remarkably less browsed and their canopies covered a much higher area in transhumant estates. As a consequence, the median density of saplings was more than four times higher in transhumant than in permanently-grazed estates. Although transhumant grazing is necessarily associated with a reduction in the stocking rate across the year, the timing of grazing was always included as a predictor in the best models to explain the condition and density of holm oak. Our results suggest that the lack of oak regeneration in dehesas can be caused not only by the increases in stocking rates, but also by the recent abandonment of traditional grazing practices like transhumance. We propose the recovery of seasonal grazing regimes based on transhumant pastoralism as a measure to improve the conservation status of dehesas.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Barradas, Mari Cruz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zunzunegui, María</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ain-Lhout, Fatima</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jáuregui, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boutaleb, Said</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Álvarez-Cansino, Leonor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esquivias, Mari Paz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal physiological responses of Argania spinosa tree from Mediterranean to semi-arid climate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Browsing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photochemical efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water relations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11104-010-0518-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">337</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217 - 231</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Argania spinosa (the argan tree) is a slowgrowing tree endemic of Morocco, growing on semiarid areas where no other tree species can live. With the aim of predicting temporal changes in A. spinosa woodlands under a probable increase in aridity, we set off to investigate these questions: how do A. spinosa physiological attributes respond to variations in climatic conditions and seasonality, and which is the set of attributes that most affects tree response to environmental conditions? In three study sites, Beni Snassen (North), High-Atlas (Mountain) and Admine Forest in Agadir (Coastal), gas exchange measurements, photochemical efficiency, leaf water potential and different leaf attributes were monitored in February, July and November of 2006. The Mountain site presents the most continental climate. Trees in this site were the most stressed in summer, having the lowest midday leaf water potential values, photochemical efficiency and assimilation rates. We found a Ψmd threshold around -4 MPa, below which stomatal conductance responds linearly to Ψmd . Plants from the North area never reached this threshold during the study period. Although leaf pigments presented a clear seasonal pattern, leaves from Coastal trees exhibit the highest content for each season. The three study sites were separated by two discriminate functions obtained by canonical discriminant analysis. In summer, the Mountain population is separated from the other sites mainly by assimilation rate and Fv /Fm, while in winter transpiration rates and chlorophyll content are the main discriminant variables. Our study shows that A. spinosa trees adjust their physiological status and leaf attributes to environmental conditions allowing plants to thrive under a dry climate. Under a scenario of global change, the distribution of the argan tree likely shifts to milder areas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Focardi, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinelli, Aleandro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herbivory in a Mediterranean forest: browsing impact and plant compensation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Browsing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant compensation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative growth rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ungulates</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1146609X05000731</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239 - 247</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The compensatory response of plants to defoliation is likely to have important effects on plant–ungulate equilibria in forested ecosystems. We investigated the responses of six species of Mediterranean bushes to defoliation by wild ungulates, comparing an index of browsing impact with the productivity of plants in both open and exclusion plots. The data revealed a great diversity of plant responses to herbivory: Rubus ulmifolius was able to over-compensate and replace the lost tissues. Phillyrea latifolia exhibited a similar, albeit less evident, pattern, while Cistus salvifolius was severely damaged by browsing. Other species, such as Quercus ilex, Juncus acutus and Erica arborea, were not attacked to a large extent and suffered little or no harm. The results strongly suggest that Mediterranean ecosystems may tolerate large stocking rates of ungulates. However, the reduction of plant biomass due to browsing was very different in the six studied species, suggesting that when herbivory becomes severe the structure of the ecosystem will change with the more tolerant plants becoming more abundant. We can apply these results to improve management and conservation of relict coastal forests in the Mediterranean basin which are usually of small size and where decision-makers have to compromise between the conservation of plants and that of large mammals.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Focardi, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinelli, Aleandro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herbivory in a Mediterranean forest: browsing impact and plant compensation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Browsing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant compensation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative growth rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ungulates</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239-247</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The compensatory response of plants to defoliation is likely to have important effects on plant–ungulate equilibria in forested ecosystems. We investigated the responses of six species of Mediterranean bushes to defoliation by wild ungulates, comparing an index of browsing impact with the productivity of plants in both open and exclusion plots. The data revealed a great diversity of plant responses to herbivory: Rubus ulmifolius was able to over-compensate and replace the lost tissues. Phillyrea latifolia exhibited a similar, albeit less evident, pattern, while Cistus salvifolius was severely damaged by browsing. Other species, such as Quercus ilex, Juncus acutus and Erica arborea, were not attacked to a large extent and suffered little or no harm. The results strongly suggest that Mediterranean ecosystems may tolerate large stocking rates of ungulates. However, the reduction of plant biomass due to browsing was very different in the six studied species, suggesting that when herbivory becomes severe the structure of the ecosystem will change with the more tolerant plants becoming more abundant. We can apply these results to improve management and conservation of relict coastal forests in the Mediterranean basin which are usually of small size and where decision-makers have to compromise between the conservation of plants and that of large mammals.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuartas, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Gónzalez, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex browse utilization by Caprini in Sierra de Cazorla and Segura (Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Browsing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbivore impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus ilex ecosystems</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/K6648725732801G6.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">317 - 330</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The impact of domestic and wild Caprini browsing on Quercus ilex has been examined in an area of the Sierra de Cazorla. Vegetation as a herbivore food supply, herbivore feeding regime and density in the study area during six sampling periods throughout two years, has been quantified. Wild Caprini show diets similar to the available vegetation, whereas domestic Caprini tend more towards the trophic spe- cialities (browsing or grazing) of their genus. Nevertheless, this tendency was more pronounced in do- mestic goats than in sheep. A hypothetical estimate of Q. ilex intake by each species under the study conditions was carried out. It was found that domestic Caprini have a greater impact on the holm oak than wild Caprini, density and feeding-niche deviations being the main factors responsible for this sit- uation.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>