<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hartel, Tibor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanspach, Jan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abson, David J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Máthé, Orsolya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moga, Cosmin Ioan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Joern</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bird communities in traditional wood-pastures with changing management in Eastern Europe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basic and Applied Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dead trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romania</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scattered trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shrub</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">traditional cultural landscape</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood-pastures are fragile ecosystems because they were formed by, and depend on specific, low-intensity multifunctional management. Although their ecological and cultural significance is high, wood-pastures are rapidly deteriorating all over Europe, mainly due to changing land use. We still lack a basic understanding of the ecological value of wood-pastures, and in which features they differ from other landscape elements. In this paper we investigated the ecological value of wood-pastures for passerine birds by (i) comparing bird assemblages of wood-pastures with those of closed forests and open pastures and (ii) exploring the relationships between variables describing wood-pastures and species traits of the bird assemblages. Our study region (Southern Transylvania, Romania) provides a unique opportunity to understand the importance of a traditional cultural and ecological environment for many different organisms. Wood-pastures had a higher overall number of bird species, and a higher spatial turnover in bird community composition than closed forests and open pastures. We found significant associations between bird species traits and habitat structural elements in wood-pastures such as large trees, oak- and pear trees and shrubs. Our findings suggest that traditional wood-pastures in Southern Transylvania have distinct and rich passerine bird communities. This richness is inextricably linked to the multifunctional, low-intensity land use traditionally applied in the wood-pastures that promotes high niche diversity. For effective conservation of the biodiversity of wood-pastures, a detailed understanding is needed of how different management regimes may influence the key structural elements of wood-pastures relevant for biodiversity and these should be protected. Waldweiden sind empfindliche Ökosysteme, weil sie durch multifunktionale Bewirtschaftung geringer Intensität entstehen und davon abhängen. Auch wenn ihre ökologische und kulturelle Bedeutung hoch ist, verschlechtert sich der Zustand der Waldweiden in ganz Europa mit hoher Geschwindigkeit, überwiegend aufgrund von geänderter Landnutzung. Uns fehlt immer noch ein grundlegendes Verständnis des ökologischen Wertes der Waldweiden und der Eigenschaften, durch die sie sich von anderen Landschaftselementen unterscheiden. In dieser Studie untersuchten wir den ökologischen Wert von Waldweiden für Singvögel indem wir (1) die Vogelgemeinschaften von Waldweiden mit denen geschlossener Wälder und offener Weiden verglichen und (2) die Beziehungen zwischen die Waldweiden beschreibenden Variablen und Artmerkmalen der Vogelgemeinschaften erkundeten. Unser Untersuchungsgebiet (Südliches Transsilvanien, Rumänien) bietet eine einzigartige Gelegenheit, die Bedeutung einer traditionellen kulturellen und ökologischen Umwelt für viele verschiedene Organismen zu verstehen. Die Waldweiden wiesen eine höhere Gesamtzahl von Vogelarten auf und zeigten einen höheren räumlichen Turnover in der Zusammensetzung der Vogelgemeinschaften als geschlossener Wald und offene Weide. Wir fanden signifikante Beziehungen zwischen den Artmerkmalen der Vögel und Strukturelementen der Waldweiden wie alte Bäume, Eichen- und Birnbäume sowie Sträucher. Unsere Befunde legen nahe, dass die traditionellen Waldweiden im südlichen Transsilvanien charakteristische und artenreiche Vogelgemeinschaften beherbergen. Dieser Artenreichtum ist untrennbar mit der wenig intensiven, multifunktionalen Landnutzung verbunden, die traditionell in den Waldweiden ausgeübt wird und eine hohe Nischendiversität fördert. Für einen effektiven Schutz der Biodiversität der Waldweiden benötigen wir ein detailliertes Verständnis des Einflusses unterschiedlicher Managementmaßnahmen auf die entscheidenden Strukturelemente von Waldweiden mit Relevanz für die Biodiversität. Diese Strukturelemente sollten geschützt werden.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Miguel, José Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acosta-Gallo, Belén</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Sal, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding Mediterranean Pasture Dynamics: General Tree Cover vs. Specific Effects of Individual Trees</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rangeland Ecology &amp; Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">free-ranging livestock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasture management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scattered trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvopastoral systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">topography effect</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2111/REM-D-12-00016.1</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">216 - 223</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study investigated the effect of general and homogeneous tree cover on grassland composition on an extensive Mediterranean rangeland with sparse oak trees in central Spain. We analyzed this effect together with other significant factors identified in this type of rangeland: topography and plowing. Data were collected in the 1984 growing season and they form part of a historical database on the characteristics of vegetation and livestock behavior; these data refer to grasslands below and away from the tree crowns of 91 individual trees, located in different topographical positions and in areas that were last plowed at different times.We used multivariate analyses to identify the main compositional trends of variation in pasture communities. The results indicate that the herbaceous community below tree crowns was more similar to that of the lowland areas than to the nearby areas away from the tree. This result supports the idea of tree cover in semiarid rangelands as a factor attenuating the effects on pastures of environmental conditions typical of high and intermediate topographical positions—generally presenting low soil moisture and fertility. Coupled with this, we also found effects of some individual trees related with the way livestock uses them as shelter and resting places. Our results indicate that the role played by dispersed trees in the management of this type of rangeland should be analyzed at two complementary spatial scales: the overall effect of tree cover as a factor acting at landscape scale and the specific effect of some individual trees acting at a more detailed scale.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record></records></xml>