<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puerta-Pinero, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leverkus, A. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno-Rueda, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanchez-Miranda, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-fire salvage logging alters a key plant-animal interaction for forest regeneration</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOSPHERE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrulus glandarius</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">jay-oak interaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak colonization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">salvage harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed dispersal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sierra Nevada National Park</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-fire salvage logging is widely implemented worldwide, but there is an increasing concern about its potential impact on the ecosystem. Moreover, there is scant information about the effect of salvage logging on ecosystem processes mediated by species interactions. We manipulated a burnt pine forest to experimentally analyze the effect of burnt-wood management on the colonization of Holm oak (Quercus ilex) mediated by acorn dispersal by Eurasian jays (Garrulus glandarius). Three replicates of three treatments were established in an 18-ha plot: salvage logging (SL), non-intervention (NI), and partial cut plus lopping (PCL; felling and lopping most of the trees but leaving all the biomass in situ). We hypothesized that different burnt-wood management could alter jays' landscape perception and thus the pattern of seed dispersal and seedling recruitment. We monitored jay abundance in each treatment for three winters and three breeding periods, and jay flights of potential acorn dispersal between nearby oak trees and the treatments. We also searched for oak seedlings recruited in the experimental plot for five years following the fire. Jays were recorded significantly more times (87%) in NI, and movements to this treatment during the acorn dispersal period were also more frequent (81% of the flights). Oak seedlings were also more abundant in NI (ca. 55%) than in SL or PCL (ca. 25% each), despite a strong effect of small remnants of live pines. The results show that the burnt forest, if unsalvaged, still provides a suitable habitat for jays, while salvage logging reduces the strength of this key plant-animal interaction for oak natural regeneration. Nonintervention policies after a forest fire therefore provide the opportunity for adaptive management that helps reduce restoration costs and increase the resilience of the system.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buscardo, Erika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martín, María P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Angelis, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, João Santos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impact of wildfire return interval on the ectomycorrhizal resistant propagules communities of a Mediterranean open forest.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ectomycorrhizal resistant propagules community</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire return interval</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus pinaster (maritime pine)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber (cork oak)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943174</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">628 - 636</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, in particular their spores and other resistant propagules, play an important role in secondary succession processes that facilitate regeneration after disturbance events. In this study, the effects of high and low wildfire frequencies (respectively short and long fire return intervals) on the resistant propagules communities (RPCs) of a Mediterranean open pine forest were compared. Soil samples were collected in four mountain sites with different fire return intervals and used to test ectomycorrhiza development in two hosts, Pinus pinaster and Quercus suber. RPCs were characterized by direct sequencing of fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions from individual ECM root tips. Eighteen ECM species were detected in the bioassay. The most frequently found fungi were Cenococcum geophilum, Inocybe jacobi, Thelephora terrestris, Tomentella ellisii on both hosts and Rhizopogon luteolus and R. roseolus on maritime pine. A short fire return interval reduced the species richness of the ECM community found on Q. suber, promoted species like R. roseolus and reduced the abundance of other species (e.g. R. luteolus). The abundance of I. jacobi was positively affected by long fire return interval, but decreased significantly with recurrent fires. These results indicate that changes in fire frequency can alter the structure, composition and diversity of ECM communities, which could compromise the resilience of the ecosystem in highly disturbed areas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 20943174</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acácio, Vanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holmgren, Milena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak persistence in Mediterranean landscapes: the combined role of management, topography, and wildfires</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecology and society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agroforestry system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative ecosystem state</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cistus ladanifer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub encroachment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation transition</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/art40/ES-2010-3740.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems have been shaped by a history of human and ecological disturbances. Understanding the dynamics of these social-ecological systems requires an understanding of how human and ecological factors interact. In this study, we assess the combined role of management practices and biophysical variables, i.e., wildfire and topography, to explain patterns of tree persistence in a cork oak (Quercus suber L.) landscape of southern Portugal. We used face-to-face interviews with landowners to identify the management practices and the incentives that motivated them. We used aerial photographs and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to classify vegetation patch-type transitions over a period of 45 years (1958-2002) and logistic regression to explain such changes based on management and biophysical factors. The best model explaining vegetation transitions leading to cork oak persistence in the landscape included both biophysical and management variables. Tree persistence was more likely to occur on steeper slopes, in the absence of wildfires, and in the absence of understory management. We identified ecological, ideological, and economical barriers that preclude oak persistence and that are important to consider in implementing efficient environmental policies for adequate conservation and reforestation programs of Mediterranean cork oak landscapes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siles, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rey, P J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alcántara, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-fire restoration of Mediterranean forests: Testing assembly rules mediated by facilitation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basic and Applied Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean fires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nurse effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nurse plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant-plant interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-fire regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">422-431</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In view of the importance of facilitative interactions between plants, nurse-based planting has been proposed as a restoration technique for Mediterranean vegetation. However, facilitation efﬁciency is known to depend on the environmental context and the particular pair of interacting species. Understanding these context- and pair-speciﬁc dependences is fundamental to understanding Mediterranean vegetation dynamics and to improving the use of nurse-based plantation for restoration. We assessed the effectiveness of nurse-based plantation and the signiﬁcance for post-ﬁre restoration of some assembly rules mediated by facilitation. In two nearby areas of different burning ages, we compared seedling establishment of 13 tall shrubs and trees planted in open ground and under nurses. Nurses and planted seedlings were selected from different life-forms. Tests of the assembly rules were provided by the partitioning of the statistical interaction effect between nurse and planted seedling life-forms in a two-factor design. Nurse-based plantation increased seedling survival 2–9 times compared to plantation in open ground, depending on the year. The higher efﬁciency of nurse-based plantation was consistent for the two burned areas and occurred in many species even in years with contrasting rainfall. We detected pair-speciﬁc differences in the efﬁciency of facilitation. This pair-speciﬁcity was partly explained by the dependence between life-forms of nurse and guest species, suggesting the existence of assembly rules. Our results conﬁrm that nurse-based plantation would be an appropriate post-ﬁre restoration technique in Mediterranean mountains under dry-subhumid climate, but suggest that attention to the life-form assemblage rules is needed for an efﬁcient implementation of such technique.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacquet, Karine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prodon, Roger</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring the postfire resilience of a bird-vegetation system: a 28-year study in a Mediterranean oak woodland.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avifauna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">long-term</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildfire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">801-811</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite numerous studies on the response of Mediterranean ecosystems to fire, few have measured the respective resilience of vegetation and fauna compartments. For 28 years, we conducted an annual monitoring of avifauna composition and vegetation structure (cover profile)following a severe wildfire in a holm oak (Quercus ilex) stand in southern France. Our aim was to estimate the time necessary for this bird-vegetation system to return to a state analogous to its pre-fire state. In the burned plots, low herbaceous and shrub layers were gradually replaced by higher, woody layers of vegetation. Neither bird species richness nor inter-annual bird species turnover showed significant differences from one year to the next over the study period. In contrast, bird species composition did change steadily, leading to an almost complete replacement of early-successional species by late-successional ones. Using the first axes of multivariate analyses as 'proxy variables' of vegetation or avifauna recoveries, we estimated by extrapolation the recovery times of these two ecosystem components at ca. 50 and 35 years, respectively. Towards the end of the study period, the rate of change in avifauna composition decreased comparatively to that of vegetation structure. Our results show that holm oak woodlands are highly resilient and seem to tolerate an approximately 50-year fire interval, even if it remains to be assessed how resilient they would be in the case of increased fire frequency. More generally, our multivariate approach, which allows comparative estimations of resilience in different components of an ecosystem using qualitative as wellas quantitative criteria, could be applied to various case studies in disturbance and restoration ecology.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19727831</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lloret, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solé, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pino, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patterns of species impoverishment in managed forests of Catalonia (NE Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nestedness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01059.x/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">675 - 685</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Question: In managed forests, woody plant richness shows great variations in pattern. Herein we try to elucidate the role of major factors, such as successional status, to explain this variation. Assuming that less competitive or disturbance-sensitive species will be systematically more prone to disappear, we investigate the existence of nonrandom patterns of species impoverishment – i.e., the number of species unable to attain maximal richness – and the ecological and successional status of species associated with impoverishment in relation to a regional climatic gradient. Methods: We explored species composition in approximately 7500 forest plots in Catalonia (NE Spain). We evaluated non-random patterns of species impoverishment by analyzing their nestedness. Multivariate analysis was used to relate environmental variables and impoverishment to species occurrence. Plot successional status and ecological range were also estimated from species composition, and species impoverishment was then correlated to these estimators. Results: Most forests show a non-random pattern of species loss: poor stands tend to retain the same species, and the species determining high richness tend to be the same. Late successional species tend to be more common in impoverished plots of drier and warmer forests, while species typical of open or disturbed habitats are more common in impoverished plots of moister and colder forests. Communities dominated by early or late successional species are mostly impoverished, while the richest stands are constituted by species of intermediate stages. Forests dominated by species with a narrow or wide ecological range showed high impoverishment levels, while the richest stands had species with an intermediate ecological range. Discussion: In warmer Mediterranean forests, impoverishment tends to be associated with late successional stages, while in moister and colder forests, species loss is more closely related to disturbance and exploitation. This study reveals the difﬁculties involved in using species richness as a simple descriptor of the degree of forest conservation. Identiﬁcation of dominant species and species indicative of ecological processes would constitute an easily applicable practice that would consolidate assessment of forests status.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CLAVERÍA, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DE MIGUEL, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DE ROMÁN, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparison of the post-fire dynamics of the ectomycorrhizal community in two Quercus ilex stands in Northern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Publ. Bio. Univ. Navarra, Ser. Bot.,</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ectomycorrhizae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19 - 30</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A comparative study of the post-fire recolonization of ectomycorrhizae in two evergreen oak stands (Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) in Nazar and San Cristóbal (Navarra, Spain) has been carried out. In 1993 a stand in Nazar burnt, but it was not until 1998 that the study started. On the contrary, the study in San Cristóbal started immediately after the stand had caught fire in 2000. Therefore we have been able to compare the regeneration in both stands and the species composition five years after the fire and immediately after the fire, as well as the differences in ectomycorrhizal colonization and abundance of morphotypes between the burnt plots and areas which remained undisturbed in both forests, thus acting as control plots. In both sites the percentage of ectomycorrhizal colonization tended to be lower after the wildfire. In San Cristóbal, in the burnt site there was a lower abundance of morphotypes compared to the control site. However, in Nazar, five years after the fire, we did not find any significant change in species richness, but rather a shift in the abundance of each morphotype when comparing the burnt and the control plots. There are some species of mycorrhizal fungi which seem to be particularly adapted to fire, such as Type 1 in San Cristóbal and Cenococcum geophilum in Nazar. Sphaerosporella brunnea, a pioneer species considered to be especially suitable for the colonization of burnt substrates, was only found in Nazar.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CLAVERÍA, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DE MIGUEL, A M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DE ROMÁN, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparison of the post-fire dynamics of the ectomycorrhizal community in two Quercus ilex stands in Northern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Publ. Bio. Univ. Navarra, Ser. Bot.,</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ectomycorrhizae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-30</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A comparative study of the post-fire recolonization of ectomycorrhizae in two evergreen oak stands (Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) in Nazar and San Cristóbal (Navarra, Spain) has been carried out. In 1993 a stand in Nazar burnt, but it was not until 1998 that the study started. On the contrary, the study in San Cristóbal started immediately after the stand had caught fire in 2000. Therefore we have been able to compare the regeneration in both stands and the species composition five years after the fire and immediately after the fire, as well as the differences in ectomycorrhizal colonization and abundance of morphotypes between the burnt plots and areas which remained undisturbed in both forests, thus acting as control plots. In both sites the percentage of ectomycorrhizal colonization tended to be lower after the wildfire. In San Cristóbal, in the burnt site there was a lower abundance of morphotypes compared to the control site. However, in Nazar, five years after the fire, we did not find any significant change in species richness, but rather a shift in the abundance of each morphotype when comparing the burnt and the control plots. There are some species of mycorrhizal fungi which seem to be particularly adapted to fire, such as Type 1 in San Cristóbal and Cenococcum geophilum in Nazar. Sphaerosporella brunnea, a pioneer species considered to be especially suitable for the colonization of burnt substrates, was only found in Nazar.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lookingbill, T. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zavala, M. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial pattern of Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens recruitment in Pinus halepensis dominated woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monte Carlo simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nearest neighbour analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurse effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ripley's K-analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3246590</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">607 - 612</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract. European Mediterranean landscapes have undergone changes in structure in recent years as a result of widespread agricultural land abandonment and cessation of silvicultural regimes. Studies concerning the regeneration dynamics of dominant forest species have become critical to the prediction of future landscape trends in these changing forest stands. Quercus ilex (holm oak) and Q. pubescens (downy oak) are considered to be the terminal point of secondary succession in extensive areas of the Mediterranean region. Recent studies, however, have suggested the existence of recruitment bottlenecks in oak genet populations as a result of current management regimes. In this study, we present evidence of the successful establishment of Q. ilex and Q. pubescens in Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) woodlands. We investigate the distribution patterns and spatial relationships among oak recruits and resident pines. Established P. halepensis is randomly distributed throughout the study area. Oak seedlings are positively associated with pine trees, suggesting that P. halepensis individuals provide safe sites for oak genet recruitment. We show that spatial patterns of recruitment are in agreement with the general model of spatial segregation described for other Mediterranean plant communities, with seeder species colonizing large openings after disturbance, followed by a more aggregated recruitment of resprouter species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lux, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bemmerlein-Lux, Florian A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Two vegetation maps of the same island: floristic units versus structural units</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">growth form</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pantelleria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temporal scale</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-210</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract. This paper presents a comparison of two alternative methods to describe and map vegetation: on the basis of plant species and growth forms, respectively. A stratified random sampling was taken from spontaneous vegetation in 1989 on the volcanic island of Pantelleria (near Sicily, Italy). Cartographic and other comparisons of the results from classification and ordination analysis suggest that the major differences were associated with differences in the time scale of the underlying processes. Species results (leading to floristic vegetation units) were representative of longer-term processes, growth-form results (leading to structural vegetation units) with shorter-term processes. Further implications of these results are discussed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bran, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lobreaux, O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maistre, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perret, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romane, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Germination of Quercus ilex and Q. pubescens in a Q. ilex coppice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Southern France</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45-50</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L. (holm oak) coppices, widespread around the Mediterranean basin, are probably the result of 5 000 years of prolonged human disturbance of the original Quercus pubescens Willd. (downy oak) forests. Since disturbance has almost ceased in recent years, a question arises as to the development of these coppices: will the Q. pubescens forests return, or will Q. ilex remain the dominant species? To investigate the phenomenon, we analyzed the first stages, i.e. germination of the two species in holm oak coppices. Our experiments show that both species germinated better in coppices than in clearings or clear-cuts. Moreover, Q. pubescens appears to be slightly favored above Q. ilex and it is suggested auto-allelopathy is involved, at least partially inhibiting the germination of Q. ilex.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peco, B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling Mediterranean pasture dynamies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annual vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">generalized linear model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-metric multidimensional scaling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ploughing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall pattern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">269-276</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pasture vegetation in an open woodland of Quercus rotundifolia subjected to periodic ploughing was sampled in spring during 8 consecutive years. The frequency of herbaceous species was recorded in a total of 69 permanent plots located on 5 adjacent sites with similar lithology, slope and orientation but differing in age since previous ploughing. Vegetation dynamics expressed as trajectories of permanent plots in a non-metric multidimensional scaling space has been modelled in terms of evironmental variables. By fitting a generalized linear model, the dynamics are shown to be related to years since last ploughing, geographical location of plots, total annual rainfall and November rainfall. Meteorological patterns of the sampling period are also described</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, Isabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sterling, Agustina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, E F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-species pattern analysis of Mediterranean pastures in three stages of ecological succession</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean pasture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pattern analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">principal components analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-species patterns were analyzed in three stages of ecological succession in oligotrophic pastures in Central Spain using a new method of analysis. The method is based on plotting the species coordinates of principal components analysis undertaken at different block sizes. It allows the detection of any heterogenei- ty present and reveals both microtopographical and macrotopographical trends in species patterns.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casado, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miguel, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sterling, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peco, B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Production and spatial structure of Mediterranean pastures in different stages of ecological succession</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbivore consumption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean pasture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">slope geomorphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial structure of phytomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75-86</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this paper is to describe the changes of Mediterranean pasture phytomass and their dependence on succession, slope geomorphology and herbivore consumption. Four neighbouring slopes of similar aspect and steepness, located in a pasture area of Central Spain, were chosen for sampling. The slopes had not been cultivated for 1, 3, 8 and 40 years respectively. On each slope both the upper, erosion zone and the lower, accumulation zone were sampled during the months of plant growth (April to July), phytomass being record- ed in plots where herbivore consumption was avoided with protection cages and in unprotected plots. Results from the protected plots show that the upper and lower parts of slopes undergo a different develop- ment during succession. The highest values of phytomass reached, tended to decrease during succession in the upper zones, the same being true for production. However in the lower zones both parameters tended to increase in time. The ratio P/B, widely known in ecology to decrease with time, did not seem to behave as a usual index of succession in the studied ecosystem. In the upper zone this ratio tended to decrease but in the lower zone it increased with succession after the first years. Phytomass consumption by herbivores was progressively concentrated during succession in the slope sec- tors of greater production, mainly in the lower zone, which increased its productivity as the slope-talweg sys- tem became functional. The evolution of the ecological structure of a slope should be interpreted not only as a result of the tolerance of species to phsysico-chemical factors. It may also reveal the existence of an im- portant interaction between the pasture and the grazing behaviour of exploiting animals. Multivariate analy- sis of phytomass records revealed a trend of temporal variation which should be identified with the progress</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sal, A Gomez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miguel, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casado, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pineda, F D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Successional changes in the morphology and ecological responses of a grazed pasture ecosystem in Central Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem exploitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbivore</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean pasture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33-43</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphological characteristics related to spatial occupation, reproduction and adaptations to grazing were used to characterize the most frequent species in a therophytic pastureland of Central Spain. Periodic ploughing is a traditional practice in these pastures and allows observation of successional change. In the present study, four neighbouring slopes of differing time since last ploughing were chosen. Species biomass was measured at different times during the annual growing season for two different slope positions. Grazing pressure is an important environmental factor affecting ecosystem organization, the most palata- ble plants tending to show increasing biomass with succession. In the most mature stages, there is a predomi- nance of species characterized by horizontal occupation of space and sprouting after mowing or grazing. During succession segregation of the different morphological characteristics occurs in slope sectors related to geomorphological dynamics. Similarly, phenological development tends to be later in pastures in the lowest slope zones, due probably to their greater summer soil moisture content.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pablo, C L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peec, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, E F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicolas, J P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pineda, F D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Space-time variability in mediterranean pastures analyzed with diversity parameters</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geomorphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial organization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1982</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113-125</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Different parameters of diversity and spatial niche amplitude (Pielou, 1975, Pineda et aL, 1981 b) have been used to describe the spatial organization of mediterranean grasslands in Central Spain. A slope sampled by 480 contiguous 8 X 8 cm quadrats proved to have a homogeneous floristic distribution when it was divided into 160 parts and maximum heterogeneity when divided into 4 sectors. These sectors corresponded to different geomorphological zones of the slope. The complexity of vegetation distribution on the slope was reflected by differences in organization - measured by diversity parameter A = H ( P / E ) / l o g a N (number of plots) between the parts obtained by division. The presence of low-entropy species - specialists - and high entropy species - generalists - was related to the different scales of slope organization. The spatial distribu- tion of plants was compared for different successional stages. Multivariate analysis of sampling plots confirmed previously identified organizational characteristics and clarified the nature of transitions between communities of different floristic composition or structure.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pineda, F D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicolas, J P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rou, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, E F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological succession in oligotrophic pastures of central Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">correspondence analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geomorphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">slope</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1981</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">165-176</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dynamics of oligotrophic pastures were analyzed in the area of El Pardo (Central Spain), and related with geomorphological features and time elapsed since the last ploughing. A sampling of the area was carried out regarding these two factors. The data were subjected to correspondence analysis, which showed the progressive replacement of species related to succession, variation along slopes, with a tight interaction between both phenomena. The correspondence between vegetation change and slope geomorphology is closer as succession progresses.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>