<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe X</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, Juli G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, Paulo M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardillo, Enrique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curt, Thomas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork Oak Vulnerability to Fire: The Role of Bark Harvesting, Tree Characteristics and Abiotic Factors</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bark tickness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire vulnerability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-fire response</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Library of Science</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e39810</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest ecosystems where periodical tree bark harvesting is a major economic activity may be particularly vulnerable to disturbances such as fire, since debarking usually reduces tree vigour and protection against external agents. In this paper we asked how cork oak Quercus suber trees respond after wildfires and, in particular, how bark harvesting affects post-fire tree survival and resprouting. We gathered data from 22 wildfires (4585 trees) that occurred in three southern European countries (Portugal, Spain and France), covering a wide range of conditions characteristic of Q. suber ecosystems. Post-fire tree responses (tree mortality, stem mortality and crown resprouting) were examined in relation to management and ecological factors using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Results showed that bark thickness and bark harvesting are major factors affecting resistance of Q. suber to fire. Fire vulnerability was higher for trees with thin bark (young or recently debarked individuals) and decreased with increasing bark thickness until cork was 3–4 cm thick. This bark thickness corresponds to the moment when exploited trees are debarked again, meaning that exploited trees are vulnerable to fire during a longer period. Exploited trees were also more likely to be top-killed than unexploited trees, even for the same bark thickness. Additionally, vulnerability to fire increased with burn severity and with tree diameter, and was higher in trees burned in early summer or located in drier south-facing aspects. We provided tree response models useful to help estimating the impact of fire and to support management decisions. The results suggested that an appropriate management of surface fuels and changes in the bark harvesting regime (e.g. debarking coexisting trees in different years or increasing the harvesting cycle) would decrease vulnerability to fire and contribute to the conservation of cork oak ecosystems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardillo, Enrique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, Juli G.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arianoutsou, Margarita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corona, Piermaria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De las Heras, Jorge</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-Fire Management of Cork Oak Forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-Fire Management and Restoration of Southern European Forests</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crown regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-007-2208-8/page/1http://www.springerlink.com/index/T14G11G6K89M6643.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Netherlands</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-94-007-2207-1</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This chapter concerns the ecology and post-fire management of cork oak forests. It starts with a short overview of ecological and socio-economic context, continuing with an introduction on the cork oak post-fire regeneration strategies and the main factors affecting tree responses. Several post-fire management issues and alternatives, such as tree logging, assisting natural regeneration, reforestation, cork harvesting and pruning, or protecting against herbivory, are also presented and discussed</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Post-Fire Management and Restoration of Southern European Forests&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: 10.1007/978-94-007-2208-8</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margalida, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno-Opo, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo, B E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arredondo, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reconciling the conservation of endangered species with economically important anthropogenic activities: interactions between cork exploitation and the cinereous vulture in Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">buffer zone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economic anthropogenic activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vulture conservation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167-174</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Limitation of disturbing activities around the breeding areas of protected species is not always possible, if these activities are economically important and have, in addition, positive effects on protecting the habitats of those protected species. Searching for optimal solutions making commercial exploitation of natural resources compatible with biodiversity conservation is thus of concern to managers and policy makers. This is the case of the cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus, breeding primarily in cork-oak woodland, and cork exploitation, a traditional socio-economic activity carried out in several Mediterranean countries, and critical for the maintenance of this important habitat. We studied the effects of this anthropogenic activity on the behaviour and breeding success of breeding cinereous vultures in Spain. For the adults, the probability of nest abandonment was dependent on the distance of workers from the nest and the level of noise; activities within 500 m from the nest were likely to cause abandonment of the nest by adults, if the level of noise was intermediate or loud. Neither the size of the working group nor the use of machines per se, had any effect on the probability of nest abandonment. Pairs in an area of the colony exposed to intrusive anthropogenic activity had 20% lower breeding success than those in the same colony that were not exposed to these disturbances. If the application of buffer zones of 500 m is not possible (as is likely given the economic losses involved), several alternatives are recommended based on our results to minimize the impact of these activities, in particular to diminish the noise level of cork extraction activities. Observational studies like this help understanding the magnitude of the problem and finding alternative solutions for harmonizing conservation and economic development.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveira, A C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vidas, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borges, J G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An approach to cork oak forest management planning: a case study in southwestern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harvest scheduling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linear programming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">233-241</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents results of research aiming at the development of tools that may enhance cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forest management planning. Speciﬁ- cally, it proposes an hierarchical approach that encompasses the spatial classiﬁcation of a cork oak forest and the temporal scheduling of cork harvests. The use of both geographical information systems and operations research techniques is addressed. Emphasis is on the achievement of cork even ﬂow objectives. Results from an application to a case study in the Charneca Plioce´nica of Ribatejo in southern Portugal encompassing a cork oak forest extending over 4.8 thousand ha are discussed. They suggest that the proposed approach is capable of effective spatial classiﬁcation of cork oak management units. They further suggest that it may be used to select optimal cork even ﬂow scheduling strategies. Results also show that the proposed approach may lead to a substantial increase in net present value when compared to traditional approaches to cork oak forest management planning.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveira, A C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vidas, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borges, J G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An approach to cork oak forest management planning: a case study in southwestern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harvest scheduling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linear programming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10342-009-0326-y</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">233 - 241</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents results of research aiming at the development of tools that may enhance cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forest management planning. Speciﬁ- cally, it proposes an hierarchical approach that encompasses the spatial classiﬁcation of a cork oak forest and the temporal scheduling of cork harvests. The use of both geographical information systems and operations research techniques is addressed. Emphasis is on the achievement of cork even ﬂow objectives. Results from an application to a case study in the Charneca Plioce´nica of Ribatejo in southern Portugal encompassing a cork oak forest extending over 4.8 thousand ha are discussed. They suggest that the proposed approach is capable of effective spatial classiﬁcation of cork oak management units. They further suggest that it may be used to select optimal cork even ﬂow scheduling strategies. Results also show that the proposed approach may lead to a substantial increase in net present value when compared to traditional approaches to cork oak forest management planning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveira, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vidas, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borges, J. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An approach to cork oak forest management planning: a case study in southwestern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harvest scheduling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linear programming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10342-009-0326-y</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">233 - 241</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents results of research aiming at the development of tools that may enhance cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forest management planning. Speciﬁ- cally, it proposes an hierarchical approach that encompasses the spatial classiﬁcation of a cork oak forest and the temporal scheduling of cork harvests. The use of both geographical information systems and operations research techniques is addressed. Emphasis is on the achievement of cork even ﬂow objectives. Results from an application to a case study in the Charneca Plioce´nica of Ribatejo in southern Portugal encompassing a cork oak forest extending over 4.8 thousand ha are discussed. They suggest that the proposed approach is capable of effective spatial classiﬁcation of cork oak management units. They further suggest that it may be used to select optimal cork even ﬂow scheduling strategies. Results also show that the proposed approach may lead to a substantial increase in net present value when compared to traditional approaches to cork oak forest management planning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leal, Sofia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nunes, Elsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) wood growth and vessel characteristics variations in relation to climate and cork harvesting</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendrochronology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precipitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus Suber L</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree rings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood anatomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood vessels</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33-41</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variations in tree ring growth of Quercus suber L. were analysed using dendrochronological techniques on cork oak discs from trees harvested in the cork producing region of Alentejo, Portugal. A tree-ring chronology containing a strong common signal and covering the period from 1970 to 1995 was build for ca. 30-year-old cork oaks never submitted to cork harvesting using 14 trees that crossdated satisfactorily out of 30 sampled trees. The tree ring indices correlated positively with September temperature (r = 0.48, P &lt; 0.05) and very strongly with precipitation totals from previous October until current February (r = 0.82, P &lt; 0.001) showing that the water stored in the soil during the autumn and winter months prior to the growing season has a primordial effect on the growth of the given season. The effects of cork harvesting were analysed by comparing mean ring width, mean annual vessel area, vessel density (nvessels/mm 2 ), and vessel coverage (percentage of transverse surface occupied by vessels) between three mature cork oak trees and three young trees, for the period from 1987 to 1996, corresponding to the growth between two consecutive cork removals in the case of mature trees. In 1988, 1989 and 1996 (corresponding to the ﬁrst and second years after cork removal, and 1996 to a year of cork removal), the ratios between ring widths of young versus mature trees was twice that for the rest of the period. However, an effect of cork removal indicated by eventual alterations in vessel size and distribution in the wood rings corresponding to the years 1988, 1989 and 1996 in the mature cork oaks was not observed.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>