<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chirici, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scotti, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montaghi, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbati, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cartisano, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marchetti, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McRoberts, R. E. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olsson, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corona, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stochastic gradient boosting classification trees for forest fuel types mapping through airborne laser scanning and IRS LISS-III imagery</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">airborne laser scanning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Classification and regression trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest fires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest fuel type mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">irs liss-iii imagery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0303243413000494</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87 - 97</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents an application of Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data in conjunction with an IRS LISS-III image for mapping forest fuel types. For two study areas of 165 km2 and 487 km2 in Sicily (Italy), 16,761 plots of size 30-m × 30-m were distributed using a tessellation-based stratified sampling scheme. ALS metrics and spectral signatures from IRS extracted for each plot were used as predictors to classify forest fuel types observed and identified by photointerpretation and fieldwork. Following use of tra- ditional parametric methods that produced unsatisfactory results, three non-parametric classification approaches were tested: (i) classification and regression tree (CART), (ii) the CART bagging method called Random Forests, and (iii) the CART bagging/boosting stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) approach. This contribution summarizes previous experiences using ALS data for estimating forest variables useful for fire management in general and for fuel type mapping, in particular. It summarizes characteristics of classification and regression trees, presents the pre-processing operation, the classification algorithms, and the achieved results. The results demonstrated superiority of the SGB method with overall accuracy of 84%. The most relevant ALS metric was canopy cover, defined as the percent of non-ground returns. Other relevant metrics included the spectral information from IRS and several other ALS metrics such as percentiles of the height distribution, the mean height of all returns, and the number of returns.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viegas, D X</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almeida, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raposo, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveira, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viegas, C X</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ignition of Mediterranean Fuel Beds by Several Types of Firebrands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest fires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fuel bed ignition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spot fires</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An experimental laboratory study on the probability of ignition and ignition time delay of new ﬁres for 11 pairs of burning embers and fuel beds of species common in Mediterranean forests is presented. For the no wind conditions of the present tests it was found that positive ignition was achieved only for embers with ﬂaming combustion. Fuel bed moisture content was identiﬁed as a very important parameter to assess probability of ignition and ignition time delay. In the range of the present tests it was found that ignition depended more on fuel bed properties than on ember characteristics.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knicker, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almendros, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-Vila, F J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-Pérez, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polvillo, O</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characteristic alterations of quantity and quality of soil organic matter caused by forest fires in continental Mediterranean ecosystems: a solid-state 13C NMR study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Soil Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aromatic C enrichment factor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">burnt and unburnt soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest fires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean ecosystems (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic matter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">558-569</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The variable effect of different types of forest fires on the quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) was analysed by comparing burnt and unburnt soils from six forest ecosystems in central Spain by organic elemental analysis and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Whole soil samples were collected 1 to 2 years after the fires and included one site affected by two fires within 2 years. The fire-affected soils showed no common pattern with respect to the amount of additional carbon (Cadd) but at all sites, the fire enhanced the aromatic-C content. The weakest fire intensity resulted in the greatest aromatic-C enrichment factor, EFI(aromatic C) indicating the greatest local accumulation of char. The respective Cadd disclosed an EFI(aromatic C) to EFI(alkyl C) ratio, Bchar, of c.1, which supports a small degree of charring. Extensive combustion and volatilization at stronger fire intensities yielded a decrease of EFI(aromatic C) and an increase in Bchar. These trends are in good agreement with fire intensity and forest fuel combustibility in the various sites and therefore these indices could be used to elucidate the quality and quantity of char input that occurs during and after forest fires. No 13C NMR evidence for substantial inputs from non-charred plant necromass was found for any of the single-burn soils. The large carboxyl-C content of Cadd is evidence of the occurrence of oxidation reactions very shortly after the fire. In comparing the single and double-burn sites, no additional char input was observed for the double-burn site, possibly because of complete combustion of young shrubs and char remains during the second fire. The large O-alkyl-C portion found in Cadd of the double-burn soil is best explained by decreased litter degradation.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>