<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Louro, Graça</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monteiro, Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Machado, Henrique</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As Fileiras Baseadas na Floresta: Análise Sectorial</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva Lusitana</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest chains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">market</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scielopt</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-19</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study we highlight the importance of Portuguese forests based chains in relation to the theory of ecosystem services. Moreover, we characterize the chains of wood and wooden furniture, of pulp paper and paperboard and of cork, in terms of their productive structure, production flows and markets. We point out as well the renewed interest in resin products and respective chain. We also consider as macroeconomic relevant, both at regional and national level, the economic activities based on chestnuts and pine nuts which only recently are regarded as integrated chains, from raw material up to the end product. In addition, we analyse the biomass for energy according to the new context of this chain, associated to the mitigation of climate change and to the reducing of wildfire risk. We underline as well other services/products of forest ecosystems for their importance in a sector analysis approach, namely the ones associated to holm oak, carbon economy and nature conservation. We also refer the macroeconomic relevance of the forest sector in terms of national balance sheet, international markets and job creation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brullo, Cristian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D'Emerico, Saverio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulvirenti, Santa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karyological and taxonomical considerations on Epipactis cupaniana sp nov (Orchidaceae) from Sicily</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NORDIC JOURNAL OF BOTANY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">embryo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epicaptis cupaniana</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">karyotype structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sicily</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">577 - 589</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new species of Epipactis from the Madonie massif (Sicily), E. cupaniana C. Brullo, D'Emerico and Pulv. sp. nov., is described and illustrated. It is a nemoral species, occurring in Holm oak woods, and is characterized by a diploid chromosome complement of 2n = 2x = 38. In the metaphase I, the mother cells of the embryo sac contain 19 bivalents. With respect to morphology and karyotype structure, the new species shows a close relationships with E. helleborine and other allied species, such as E. meridionalis and E. schubertiorum, both occurring in southern Italy and Sicily. However, several morphological features, chromosome size, and differences in the heterochromatin distribution allow for a clear distinction between E. cupaniana and the above-mentioned species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coelho, Marta Baptista</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paulo, Joana Amaral</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palma, João Henrique Nunes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomé, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contribution of cork oak plantations installed after 1990 in Portugal to the Kyoto commitments and to the landowners economy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Policy and Economics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Sequestration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kyoto protocol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New plantations area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1389934111001845</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59 - 68</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak stands are a part of the agroforestry ecosystem in Portugal, characterized by a low crown cover from cork oak trees, managed towards cork production, and sometimes in combination with grazing. In recent years, European Union policies gave impetus to a large area of new cork oak plantations, which have been established mainly for cork production purposes, and consequently with higher stand density than traditional agroforestry systems. These plantations are important not only for cork production but also for the carbon sequestered by these slow growing forests that won't be harvested for wood production. Thinning operations will be needed to avoid excessive inter-tree competition and wood extracted from these thinning may also provide income for the owners. In the present study, carbon sequestered and wood volumes resulting from thinning were estimated for the next 70 years. Three scenarios of different annual afforestation rates and different site indexes were tested. The resulting values for the considered scenarios show that, if the plantation rates are maintained, new cork oak plantations will have an important contribution to the Portuguese commitments to providing CO2 offsets under the Kyoto protocol. Additionally, due to the increasing values of initial density in new cork plantations, cork oak forests will produce a signiﬁcant volume of wood that may become an important contribution to the landowners' income.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teti, Anthony J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodriguez, David E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Federici, John F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brisson, Caroline</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Non-Destructive Measurement of Water Diffusion in Natural Cork Enclosures Using Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diffusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-destructive evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terahertz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">513-527</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terahertz (THz) imaging enables non-destructive evaluation of many materials’ internal structures which could not be probed by visual analysis alone. In this paper, we apply THz imaging to non-destructively probe and image the diffusion of water through natural cork samples. The temporal and spatial distribution of water is analyzed as it diffuses throughout the cork structure. An average diffusion coefficient comparable to previous work in the field is extracted from this analysis. Data is also presented to show that the diffusion coefficient is not uniform throughout the cork but changes dramatically due to the local structure and composition of the cork.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Tamayo, M Del Mar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macías-García, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz Díez, M Angeles</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuerda-Correa, Eduardo M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adsorption of Zn(II) in aqueous solution by activated carbons prepared from evergreen oak (Quercus rotundifolia L.).</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of hazardous materials</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adsorption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solutions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Pollutants, Chemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Pollutants, Chemical: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Purification: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zinc</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zinc: chemistry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28-36</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the present work activated carbons have been prepared from evergreen oak wood. Different samples have been prepared varying the concentration of the activating agent (H(3)PO(4)) and the treatment temperature. The yield of the process decreases with increasing phosphoric acid concentrations. Furthermore, high concentrations of activating agent lead to mainly mesoporous activated carbons to the detriment of the microporous texture. Treatment temperatures up to 450 degrees C lead to a progressive increase of the micro- and mesopore volumes. Values of specific surface area (S(BET)) as high as 1723 m(2) g(-1)have been obtained using appropriate phosphoric acid concentrations and treatment temperatures. The samples prepared have been successfully used in the removal of Zn(II) from aqueous solutions. From the adsorption kinetic data it may be stated that the equilibrium time is, in all cases, below 170 h. The adsorption process as a rule becomes faster as the mesopore volume and specific surface area of the samples increase. The adsorption isotherms in liquid phase point out that the adsorption capacity (n(0)(s)) and the affinity towards the solute (K(ci)) are higher for the sample showing the most developed mesoporous texture and surface area as well.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17875366</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alaejos, Joaquín</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez, Alejandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiménez, Luis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of the holm oak soda pulping conditions on the properties of the resulting paper sheets.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioresource technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Textile Industry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6320-4</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper reports on the influence of independent variables in the pulping of holm oak wood [viz. temperature (135-195 degrees C), cooking time (30-90 min) and soda concentration (10-20%)] on the properties of the resulting paper sheets. By using a central composite factorial design and a fuzzy neural model, equations relating each dependent variable to the different independent variables were derived that reproduced the experimental results for the dependent variables with errors less than 14%. Using a soda concentration of 17.5% at 195 degrees C for 30 min, it is possible to reduce the working capital (cost of chemical) and the capital investment, because it is operated with smaller values of the soda concentration and cooking time that maximum considered (20% of soda concentration and 90 min). The pulp yield thus obtained differed by less than 31.3% from the highest possible value; also, the resulting pulp and paper sheets had acceptable properties that differed by less than 21.10% from their optimum values.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18226524</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alaejos, Joaquín</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez, Alejandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiménez, Luis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of the holm oak soda pulping conditions on the properties of the resulting paper sheets.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioresource technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Textile Industry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18226524</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6320 - 4</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper reports on the influence of independent variables in the pulping of holm oak wood [viz. temperature (135-195 degrees C), cooking time (30-90 min) and soda concentration (10-20%)] on the properties of the resulting paper sheets. By using a central composite factorial design and a fuzzy neural model, equations relating each dependent variable to the different independent variables were derived that reproduced the experimental results for the dependent variables with errors less than 14%. Using a soda concentration of 17.5% at 195 degrees C for 30 min, it is possible to reduce the working capital (cost of chemical) and the capital investment, because it is operated with smaller values of the soda concentration and cooking time that maximum considered (20% of soda concentration and 90 min). The pulp yield thus obtained differed by less than 31.3% from the highest possible value; also, the resulting pulp and paper sheets had acceptable properties that differed by less than 21.10% from their optimum values.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 18226524</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diouf, Papa-Niokhor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merlin, André</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perrin, Dominique</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant properties of wood extracts and colour stability of woods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">colour</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyphenol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tannin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2006035</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">525 - 534</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial wood extracts were selected and other extracts were prepared in the laboratory from some chosen wood species. Antioxidant capacities of extracts were measured by three methods: the oxygen uptake method, the kinetic DPPH method, and the equilibrium DPPH method. There is a fair correlation between the three methods. Total phenol contents of the extracts and colour stability of woods were measured. For the same phenol content, extracts containing condensed tannins are more antioxidant than those containing hydrolysable tannins. Colour stability is clearly correlated neither with phenol content nor with antioxidant capacity of the extracts, but it is conferred to non durable woods if impregnated with extracts of durable species. Light aging is accompanied by consumption of the most antioxidant compounds of the extracts first.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diouf, Papa-Niokhor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merlin, André</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perrin, Dominique</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant properties of wood extracts and colour stability of woods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">colour</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyphenol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tannin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">525-534</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial wood extracts were selected and other extracts were prepared in the laboratory from some chosen wood species. Antioxidant capacities of extracts were measured by three methods: the oxygen uptake method, the kinetic DPPH method, and the equilibrium DPPH method. There is a fair correlation between the three methods. Total phenol contents of the extracts and colour stability of woods were measured. For the same phenol content, extracts containing condensed tannins are more antioxidant than those containing hydrolysable tannins. Colour stability is clearly correlated neither with phenol content nor with antioxidant capacity of the extracts, but it is conferred to non durable woods if impregnated with extracts of durable species. Light aging is accompanied by consumption of the most antioxidant compounds of the extracts first.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Catarina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorge, Fernando Caldeira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irle, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, Jose Maria</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterizing the setting of cement when mixed with cork, blue gum, or maritime pine, grown in Portugal - II: X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyzes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">differential thermal analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">X-ray diffraction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">318 - 324</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is already known by the scientific and industrial communities that lignocellulosic substrates are, to a certain extent, inhibitors of the hydration reaction of cement. The extent to which and how they influence such reactions is still a matter of debate. Several techniques, such as calorimetry, i.e., the measurement of the heat evolved or obtaining temperature profiles during the hydration, the determination of extractive contents of lignocellulosic substrates and their relation with the characteristics of the hydration curves, or even testing of the mechanical properties of the wood-cement composites, have been used in previous research. This study complements past research using two techniques that have been used in the analysis of cement hydration but are not usually applied to lignocellulose-cement mixes, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The raw materials for this study were three lignocellulosic materials of Portuguese origin: cork (the bark of Quercus suber L.), blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait); and Portland cement. The two techniques allowed tracking of the evolution of the main cement constituents during hydration. It was found that all the lignocellulosic substrates had detrimental effects on cement hydration. The blue gum exhibited the fastest hydration kinetics in the initial stage of reaction, but was then overtaken by cork, which at the end gave the highest hydration conversion amongst the three lignocellulosic substrates. Although pine caused the slowest initial hydration kinetics, with the passage of time its effect approached that of blue gum. At the end of the hydration period, specimens containing either species had similar quantities of hydration reaction products. The DTA and XRD results were consistent and are in good agreement with the temperature profiles and compatibility indexes reported in a previous work.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SPRINGER TOKYO</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Catarina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorge, Fernando Caldeira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irle, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, Jose Maria</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterizing the setting of cement when mixed with cork, blue gum, or maritime pine, grown in Portugal - II: X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyzes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">differential thermal analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">X-ray diffraction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER TOKYO</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">318-324</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is already known by the scientific and industrial communities that lignocellulosic substrates are, to a certain extent, inhibitors of the hydration reaction of cement. The extent to which and how they influence such reactions is still a matter of debate. Several techniques, such as calorimetry, i.e., the measurement of the heat evolved or obtaining temperature profiles during the hydration, the determination of extractive contents of lignocellulosic substrates and their relation with the characteristics of the hydration curves, or even testing of the mechanical properties of the wood-cement composites, have been used in previous research. This study complements past research using two techniques that have been used in the analysis of cement hydration but are not usually applied to lignocellulose-cement mixes, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The raw materials for this study were three lignocellulosic materials of Portuguese origin: cork (the bark of Quercus suber L.), blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait); and Portland cement. The two techniques allowed tracking of the evolution of the main cement constituents during hydration. It was found that all the lignocellulosic substrates had detrimental effects on cement hydration. The blue gum exhibited the fastest hydration kinetics in the initial stage of reaction, but was then overtaken by cork, which at the end gave the highest hydration conversion amongst the three lignocellulosic substrates. Although pine caused the slowest initial hydration kinetics, with the passage of time its effect approached that of blue gum. At the end of the hydration period, specimens containing either species had similar quantities of hydration reaction products. The DTA and XRD results were consistent and are in good agreement with the temperature profiles and compatibility indexes reported in a previous work.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eugenio, M. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alaejos, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diaz, M. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vidal, T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of holm oak (Quercus ilex) wood as alternative source for cellulose pulp</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forestry residues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pulp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soda pulp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53 - 61</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preservation of forests and increasing environmental awareness have focused research on the exploration of alternative resources for papermaking, a possible source being holm oak wood. The paper reports on the influence of some independent variables in the soda pulping of holm, oak wood \{[\}viz., temperature (135-195 degrees C), operation time (30-90 min) and active alkali concentration (10-20\%)] on the yield, hollocelulose, alpha-cellulose and lignin content, brightness, viscosity and kappa index of the pulps considered. By using a central, composite, factorial design, equations relating each dependent variable to different independent variables were derived, reproducing the experimental results for the dependent variables with errors below 10%. High pulp yield values were obtained under low operating variable conditions. To obtain the best results in brightness, viscosity and kappa index, operation under high values of the independent variables, the kappa index excepted, is necessary. To obtain a suitable value for this parameter, operation at low temperature is recommended. By applying TCF bleaching (A(1)OA(2)ZRP) in pulps obtained under extreme and central conditions of the pulping process, better values for kappa index (3.4) and brightness (83.8 ISO) result for the pulp obtained under maximum operating conditions. Nevertheless, considerable viscosity losses occur under Such conditions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: CALEA 13 SEPTEMBRIE NR 13, SECTOR 5, BUCHAREST RO-76117, ROMANIA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: EDITURA ACADEMIEI ROMANE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eugenio, M E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alaejos, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diaz, M J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vidal, T</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of holm oak (Quercus ilex) wood as alternative source for cellulose pulp</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forestry residues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pulp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soda pulp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDITURA ACADEMIEI ROMANE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CALEA 13 SEPTEMBRIE NR 13, SECTOR 5, BUCHAREST RO-76117, ROMANIA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53-61</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preservation of forests and increasing environmental awareness have focused research on the exploration of alternative resources for papermaking, a possible source being holm oak wood. The paper reports on the influence of some independent variables in the soda pulping of holm, oak wood \{[\}viz., temperature (135-195 degrees C), operation time (30-90 min) and active alkali concentration (10-20\%)] on the yield, hollocelulose, alpha-cellulose and lignin content, brightness, viscosity and kappa index of the pulps considered. By using a central, composite, factorial design, equations relating each dependent variable to different independent variables were derived, reproducing the experimental results for the dependent variables with errors below 10%. High pulp yield values were obtained under low operating variable conditions. To obtain the best results in brightness, viscosity and kappa index, operation under high values of the independent variables, the kappa index excepted, is necessary. To obtain a suitable value for this parameter, operation at low temperature is recommended. By applying TCF bleaching (A(1)OA(2)ZRP) in pulps obtained under extreme and central conditions of the pulping process, better values for kappa index (3.4) and brightness (83.8 ISO) result for the pulp obtained under maximum operating conditions. Nevertheless, considerable viscosity losses occur under Such conditions.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clair, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arinero, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leveque, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramonda, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thibaut, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imaging the mechanical properties of wood cell wall layers by atomic force modulation microscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IAWA JOURNAL</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atomic force microscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cell wall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elastic modulus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mechanical properties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">223 - 230</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atomic Force Microscopy in force modulation mode was used to study the elastic properties of the different fibre wall layers of the tension wood of holm oak and normal wood of boco. The method is based on the measurement of the resonance frequency of the microscope lever in contact with the sample. This frequency is related to the reduced Young modulus E{*} = E/(1-nu(2)) of the material, supposed to be isotropic. `Elastic' images of the cell are obtained simultaneously with the topographic images, which allows the observation of the mechanical properties of the cells at a nanometric scale. Layers G, S-1, S-2 and ML can clearly be distinguished. By comparison with known materials an estimation of the absolute modulus is given in the range 5-20 GPa, but should be considered with caution, because the inherent anisotropy of the materials has not been taken into account.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS&lt;br/&gt;publisher: INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clair, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arinero, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leveque, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramonda, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thibaut, B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imaging the mechanical properties of wood cell wall layers by atomic force modulation microscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IAWA JOURNAL</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atomic force microscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cell wall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elastic modulus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mechanical properties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">223-230</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atomic Force Microscopy in force modulation mode was used to study the elastic properties of the different fibre wall layers of the tension wood of holm oak and normal wood of boco. The method is based on the measurement of the resonance frequency of the microscope lever in contact with the sample. This frequency is related to the reduced Young modulus E{*} = E/(1-nu(2)) of the material, supposed to be isotropic. `Elastic' images of the cell are obtained simultaneously with the topographic images, which allows the observation of the mechanical properties of the cells at a nanometric scale. Layers G, S-1, S-2 and ML can clearly be distinguished. By comparison with known materials an estimation of the absolute modulus is given in the range 5-20 GPa, but should be considered with caution, because the inherent anisotropy of the materials has not been taken into account.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gutierrez, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alcaide, L J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carmona, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blanco, M J D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ot, I P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baldovin, F L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of the disposal of firewood of ilex pruning (Quercus ilex) in Andalusia and its characterization for the manufacture of wood cellulose pulp.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AFINIDAD</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Firewood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest residues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASOC QUIMICOS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INST QUIMICO SARRIA, 17 BARCELONA, SPAIN</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127-133</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this work, it is analyzed the production of firewood of the ilex pruning in Andalusia, its real disposa and future forecast. Chemical characteristics are studied, in comparison with otherr wood species: Pine (Pinus pinaster) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), in order to obtain wood cellulosic pulp for paper. The average firewood production of the ilex pruning corresponding to 1975-78 in Andalusia was of 78.000 T/year, with a practically uniform trend. A statistical analysis with ARMA pattern let us estimate a yearly averge production of ilex pruning firewood around 72.500 T/year for the 1999-2006 period, which could have an upward correction if the exploitation in all hoamoak woods was total. For the manufacture of cellulosic pulp from ilex pruning wood, it would be necessary to separte the cortex due to a lower content of holocellulose and alpha-cellulose and a higher content of soluble substances and lignin. The content of lignin of ilex pruning wood is lower than the one of other wood species like Pinus Pinaster (76,7%), Eucalyptus globulus (56,4%) and olive grove pruning (8%).</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cordero, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodriguez-Maroto, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermal decomposition of wood in oxidizing atmosphere. A kinetic study from non-isothermal TG experiments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermochimica acta</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleppo pine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">combustion (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUCALYPTUS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinetic model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pyrolysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161-178</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The kinetics of thermal decomposition of four wood species in oxygen-bearing atmo- spheres of 5, 10 and 20% molar Oz concentrations have been studied from temperature-pro- grammed experiments carried out at 5, 10 and 20 K mm ’ -* heating rate. Devolatihzation as weII as combustion of the reaminin g solid have been considered to analyze the weight loss curves. The homogeneous volume reaction (VR) model has been used to describe devolatihza- tion, whereas for solid combustion the grain model has been also checked. A two-stage approach has been used to fit the conversion-time curves and to derive the corresponding apparent kinetic parameters. The VR/VR (pyrolysis/combustion) combination provided a better description of the experimental (~-1 curves than the VR/grain combination. Hohn oak and cork oak showed very close reactivities, whereas some differences were observed for aleppo pine and eucalyptus.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hachmi, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moslemi, A A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell, A G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new technique to classify the compatibility of wood with cement</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood science and technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood-cement compatibility (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood-cement panels</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">345-354</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood-cement panels have commanded renewed interest during the last decade be- cause of their potential application in the building industry. Several methods to classify wood of various species regarding its compatibility with cement have been established in the literature based on hydration measurements in Dewar flasks. These ranking methods lack consistency in the classification of species because the hydration conditions vary among laboratories. Three techniques for evaluating wood-cement compatibility were established and compared. The best technique is based on a wood-cement compatibility factor which is the ratio of the area under the wood-cement hydration heat rate curve to that of neat cement. The area is calculated on 24-h basis starting from the initial cement set time. This area ratio method ranks species over a 100% scale and accounts well for species that are totally incompatible.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cordero, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodriguez, J J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A kinetic study of holm oak wood pyrolysis from dynamic and isothermal TG experiments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermochimica acta</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heating rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isothermal experiment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinetic model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pyrolysis (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">225-237</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The kinetics of holm oak wood thermal decomposition in a nitrogen atmosphere have been studied using dynamic and isothermal TG experiments. A number of different kinetic models are examined. Discrimination between the first order, second order and spherical symmetry boundary surface reaction models is difficult with the dynamic TG experiments. The isothermal weight loss curves obtained are best described by a first order rate equation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>31</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHARM, CENTRE D'ETUDES POUR L'IND</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sapogenin triterpene intermediates</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extraction technique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant material</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1966</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Process for extracting sapogenin triterpene complexes from plants, incl. Hedera helix. The complexes are used as intermediates for pharmaceuticals. Plants other than Hedera helix are e.g. Platanus orientales L., Betula alba, Quercus Suber L, Myrica ale L, Papaver somniferum L. etc. The plant material (pref. a wood) is ground to a fine powder and extracted by refluxing with water-alcohol (50-70% alcohol) in amt. of 4-8 lt. solvent/kg. wood powder. Supernatant is centrifuged off, and absolute alcohol added to ppte. water solubles, which are removed, and supernatant evap. to dryness, and residue extracted with acetone. The extract is then evap. to dryness to obtain the desired complex.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>