<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grosso, Felicia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temussi, Fabio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Nicola, Flavia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicola, Flavia De</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water-extractable organic matter and enzyme activity in three forest soils of the Mediterranean area</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Soil Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1H NMR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">beech and oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beech and oak forest ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C-degrading enzymes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil heterotrophic activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WEOM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Masson SAS</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15-22</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil enzyme activities mediate key ecosystem functions of degradation, transformation and carbon mineralization. The study of microbial activity and its relations with water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) can be crucial to understand the dynamics of soil organic carbon pool. We investigated FDA-hydrolytic, β-glucosidase, cellulase, o-diphenol oxidase activities in soils under Fagus sylvatica (beech), Quercus ilex (holm-oak) and Quercus cerris (turkey-oak) stands. We investigated WEOM by liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, useful to highlight the major functionalities in this fraction of soil organic matter. The highest enzyme activities, on mass basis, were recorded in soil under beech, with the highest organic carbon content. Reporting enzyme activities on organic carbon basis, it was possible to reveal enzyme enrichment for β-glucosidase and diphenol oxidase activities in soil under turkey-oak, with low organic matter. The 1H NMR spectra of WEOM highlighted a great richness of soluble organic compounds in soils with high organic carbon content, such as beech and holm-oak soils. All spectra are dominated by carbohydrate resonances. Spectra of WEOM from each stand exhibited specific signals. In WEOM from holm-oak, signals from substituted aliphatics account for up 28% of the total spectrum; in this sample signals from acetic and formic acids predominate, likely relating to the lower microbial utilization, according to the low heterotrophic (FDA-hydrolytic) activity. Only in WEOM from beech, signals from aromatics were detected probably related to the lower lignin degradation in soil, as expressed by the low phenol oxidase activity. However, the relationships among WEOM quality, tree species and microbial activity need further investigations.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orgiazzi, Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lumini, Erica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilsson, R Henrik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girlanda, Mariangela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vizzini, Alfredo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonfante, Paola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bianciotto, Valeria</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unravelling Soil Fungal Communities from Different Mediterranean Land-Use Backgrounds</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem services</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing Lands (citation)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micro Organisms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Capability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Library of Science</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e34847</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;Background&lt;/title&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fungi strongly influence ecosystem structure and functioning, playing a key role in many ecological services as decomposers, plant mutualists and pathogens. The Mediterranean area is a biodiversity hotspot that is increasingly threatened by intense land use. Therefore, to achieve a balance between conservation and human development, a better understanding of the impact of land use on the underlying fungal communities is needed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;Methodology/Principal Findings&lt;/title&gt;&lt;p&gt;We used parallel pyrosequencing of the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions to characterize the fungal communities in five soils subjected to different anthropogenic impact in a typical Mediterranean landscape: a natural cork-oak forest, a pasture, a managed meadow, and two vineyards. Marked differences in the distribution of taxon assemblages among the different sites and communities were found. Data analyses consistently indicated a sharp distinction of the fungal community of the cork oak forest soil from those described in the other soils. Each soil showed features of the fungal assemblages retrieved which can be easily related to the above-ground settings: ectomycorrhizal phylotypes were numerous in natural sites covered by trees, but were nearly completely missing from the anthropogenic and grass-covered sites; similarly, coprophilous fungi were common in grazed sites.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;Conclusions/Significance&lt;/title&gt;&lt;p&gt;Data suggest that investigation on the below-ground fungal community may provide useful elements on the above-ground features such as vegetation coverage and agronomic procedures, allowing to assess the cost of anthropogenic land use to hidden diversity in soil. Datasets provided in this study may contribute to future searches for fungal bio-indicators as biodiversity markers of a specific site or a land-use degree.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/sec&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Médail, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roche, Philip</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tatoni, Thierry</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional groups in phytoecology: an application to the study of isolated plant communities in Mediterranean France</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biological conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disturbances</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fragmentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean-type ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terrestrial islands</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">263-274</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e main objective of this study is to compare functional patterns versus plant composition in holm-oak forest isolates from two sites of Provence (Mediterranean France), on siliceous (Maures) or calcareous substrates (Luberon). In order to define plant functional groups, 9 traits out of a total of 71 attributes, were used. Twenty functional groups were defined with predominantly vegetative traits. Within each site, edges and forested core areas refer to different functional groups, in relation to the isolate structure and disturbance effects. In siliceous Provence, a higher structural and functional diversity occurs inside isolates, whereas on calcareous substrate, the diversity of plant functional groups which charac- terizes edges, is as important as in internal parts of isolates. Functional diversity does not necessarily follow the same patterns as the specific diversity, which is always greater in edges. Thus, the use of some sets of attributes, resulting from evolutionary trade-off between plants and their environment, can provide a better understanding of ecological consequences of disturbances. 0</style></abstract></record></records></xml>