<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosas, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, Lucia Lucía</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, Roma Romà</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in three Mediterranean woody species following long-term experimental drought</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crown condition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">long-term</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-s</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-structural carbohydrates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">starch</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Throughfall manipulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3795346&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;rendertype=abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stored non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) have been proposed as a key determinant of drought resistance in plants. However, the evidence for this role is controversial, as it comes mostly from observational, short-term studies. Here, we take advantage of a long-term experimental throughfall reduction to elucidate the response of NSC to increased drought 14 years after the beginning of the treatment in three Mediterranean resprouter trees (Quercus ilex L., Arbutus unedo L. and Phillyrea latifolia L.). In addition, we selected 20 Q. ilex individuals outside the experimental plots to directly assess the relationship between defoliation and NSC at the individual level. We measured the seasonal course of NSC concentrations in leaves, branches and lignotuber in late winter, late spring, summer, and autumn 2012. Total concentrations of NSC were highest in the lignotuber for all species. In the long-term drought experiment we found significant depletion in concentrations of total NSC in treatment plots only in the lignotuber of A. unedo. At the same time, A. unedo was the only species showing a significant reduction in BAI under the drought treatment during the 14 years of the experiment. By contrast, Q. ilex just reduced stem growth only during the first 4 years of treatment and P latifolia remained unaffected over the whole study period. However, we found a clear association between the concentrations of NSC and defoliation in Q. ilex individuals sampled outside the experimental plots, with lower total concentrations of NSC and lower proportion of starch in defoliated individuals. Taken together, our results suggest that stabilizing processes, probably at the stand level, may have been operating in the long-term to mitigate any impact of drought on NSC levels, and highlight the necessity to incorporate long-term experimental studies of plant responses to drought.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND&lt;br/&gt;publisher: FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 24130568</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coll, Marta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ninyerola, Miquel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pons, Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carnicer, Jofre</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multivariate effect gradients driving forest demographic responses in the Iberian Peninsula</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest demography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantile modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112713002168</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">303</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195 - 209</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A precise knowledge of forest demographic gradients in the Mediterranean area is essential to assess future impacts of climate change and extreme drought events. Here we studied the geographical patterns of forest demography variables (tree recruitment, growth and mortality) of the main species in Spain and assessed their multiple ecological drivers (climate, topography, soil, forest stand attributes and tree-spe- cific traits) as well as the geographical variability of their effects and interactions. Quantile modeling analyses allowed a synthetic description of the gradients of multiple covariates influencing forest demog- raphy in this area. These multivariate effect gradients showed significantly stronger interactions at the extremes of the rainfall gradient. Remarkably, in all demographic variables, qualitatively different levels of effects and interactions were observed across tree-size classes. In addition, significant differences in demographic responses and effect gradients were also evident between the dominant genus Quercus and Pinus. Quercus species presented significantly higher percentage of plots colonized by new recruits, whereas in Pinus recruitment limitation was significantly higher. Contrasting positive and negative growth responses to temperature were also observed in Quercus and Pinus, respectively. Overall, our results synthesize forest demographic responses across climatic gradients in Spain, and unveil the inter- actions between driving factors operating in the drier and wetter edges.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BOUCHAOUR-DJABEUR, Sabéha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BENABDELI, Khéloufi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bejamaa, Mohamed Lahbib</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stiti, Boutheina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Déprédation des glands de chêne liège par les insectes et possibilités de germination et de croissance des semis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geo-Eco-Trop</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aspects of the acorns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">infest by the insects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">period of harvest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resistance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69 - 80</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Depredation of the acorns cork oak by the insects and its impact on the potential of germination and seedling growth were studied in a mountain cork oak forest in northwestern Algerian. The rate of pre-germinated acorns on the ground is higher than for other acorns. The weight is the most distinctive variable for all the acorns; whatever their condition and provenance, it varies significantly from 0.76 to 6.76 g. Regarding the damage to acorns, statistical tests show no significant difference in the length and weight, it is not very significant for the width.The infestation of acorns is independent of their size. The acorns attacked by beetles are clearly dominant (72%) compared with those attacked by moths (28%). 20% severely damaged acorns germinate and produce viable seedlings. But the germination rate decreases with the increase of injuries. Growth is strongly affected by the rate of damage to acorns. One therefore concludes that a major attack in the cotyledons certainly does not act on germination, but can affect the strength of the resulting plant and its survival.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benayas, J. M. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuesta, Bárbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villar-Salvador, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jáuregui, Pedro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life-history traits in an evergreen Mediterranean oak respond differentially to previous experimental environments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Web Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canopy volume</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental conditions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shoot/root ratio</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www2.uah.es/pedrovillar/PDF/WebEcologyBENAYAS2008.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74 - 83</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Living organisms respond both to current and previous environments, which can have important consequences on population dynamics. However, there is little experimental evidence based on long-term field studies of the effects of previous environments on the performance of individuals. We tested the hypothesis that trees that establish under different environmental conditions perform differently under similar post-establishment conditions. We used the slow-growing, evergreen Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia as target species. We analyzed the effects of previous environments, competition effects and tradeoffs among life-history traits (survival, growth, and reproduction). We enhanced seedling establishment for three years by reducing abiotic environmental harshness by means of summer irrigation and artificial shading in 12 experimental plots, while four plots remained as controls. Then these treatments were interrupted for ten years. Seedlings under ameliorated environmental conditions survived and grew faster during early establishment. During the post-management period, previous treatments 1) did not have any effect on survival, 2) experienced a slower above-ground growth, 3) decreased root biomass as indicated from reflectivity of Ground Penetration Radar, 4) increased acorn production mostly through a greater canopy volume and 5) increased acorn production effort. The trees exhibited a combination of effects related to acclimation for coping with abiotic stress and effects of intra-specific competition. In accordance with our hypothesis, tree performance overall depended on previous environmental conditions, and the response was different for different life-history traits. We recommend early management because it increased plot cover, shortened the time to attain sexual maturity and increased the amount of acorn production. Plots such as those assessed in this study may act as sources of propagules in deforested agricultural landscapes thus aiding natural establishment of new plants</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boubaker, A. Gasmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abduli, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozada, M. R. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) acorn as a substitute for barley in the diet of rabbits; Effect on In vivo digestibility, growth and carcass characteristics. J. anim</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digestibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rabbit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tannin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&amp;btnG=Search&amp;q=intitle:Cork+Oak+(Quercus+suber+L.)+Acorn+as+a+Substitute+for+Barley+in+the+Diet+of+Rabbits:+Effect+on+In+vivo+Digestibility,+Growth+and+Carcass+Characteristics#0</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1219 - 1222</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study 2 experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding value of cork oak acorn as an energy source for rabbits. Experiment 1 was a digestibility trial using 20 adult rabbits (10 rabbits/group) and experiment 2 was a growth performance and carcass evaluation using 24 growing rabbits in a completely randomised design. Two diets were formulated to contain either 250 g Dry Matter (DM) barley (Barley diet) or 250 g DM oak Acorn (Acorn diet)/kg and included mainly, wheat bran, soybean meal, hay, molasses, calcium phosphate, Cu SO4 and salt. Inclusion of acorn in the diet did not result in any change in odour and fungal contamination nor in the feed intake (p&gt;0.05). However, acorn in the diet decreased the in vivo digestibility by 10.8, 11.5 and 17.5%, respectively, for DM, Organic Matter (OM) and Crude Protein (CP). Although the rabbits fed acorn diet retained less nitrogen than those fed barley diet, they were positive in the nitrogen balance. The final live weight and daily weight gain from weaning through slaughter did not show any significant difference between rabbits fed the control diet and those fed the experimental diet. Similar carcass yield and feed conversion ratio were observed for the 2 groups. Weight of full gastrointestinal, liver, kidney and caecum were not affected (p&gt;0.05) by the presence of acorn in the experimental diet. A more careful evaluation of the real content and digestibility of nutrients from acorn is necessary to evaluate their nutritional value before considering them as a potential feed for rabbits.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daza, Argimiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Bote, Clemente</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rey, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olivares, Álvaro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olivares, Álvaro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of age at the beginning of the free-range fattening period on growth and carcass and fat quality in Iberian pigs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Archives of Animal Nutrition</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">a and g tocopherols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adipose Tissue</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adipose Tissue: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alpha-Tocopherol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alpha-Tocopherol: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Feed</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Composition: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carcass quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fatty acid proﬁle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fatty acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatty Acids: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">free-range fattening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gamma-Tocopherol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gamma-Tocopherol: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muscle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pig age</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skeletal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skeletal: anatomy &amp; histology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skeletal: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swine: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weight Gain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16921928http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450390600785285</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">317 - 324</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract This experiment was carried out to study the influence of age at the beginning of the free-range fattening period (traditional pigs, TP, age 12 months vs. young pigs, YP, age 8 months) on the performance of Iberian pigs. During 152 days prior to the fattening period, TP and YP pigs received 1.7 and 2.6 kg feed per day, respectively. During fattening, TP pigs had a higher average daily gain (p &lt; 0.05) than YP pigs. The proportions of PUFA and n-3 fatty acids of the outer and inner layers of subcutaneous backfat were higher in TP than in YP pigs (p &lt; 0.05), while the proportions of C16:0 and SFA in the inner layer of subcutaneous backfat were greater in YP than in TP pigs (p &lt; 0.05). The ratio of n-6/n-3 in subcutaneous backfat was lower in TP than in YP pigs (p &lt; 0.05). The percentage of intramuscular fat in longissimus dorsi muscle was higher in TP than in YP pigs (p &lt; 0.05). The relationship between the percentage of intramuscular fat in longissimus dorsi muscle and average daily gain during the free-range fattening period adjusted to a quadratic function (p &lt; 0.05). The concentration of α- and ?-tocopherol in subcutaneous backfat at slaughter was significantly higher in TP than in YP pigs (p &lt; 0.05). It is concluded that Iberian pigs that have 8 months of age at the beginning of free-range feeding have adequate commercial quality.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 (Effect of age at the beginning of the free-range fattening period on growth and carcass and fat quality in Iberian pigs - Daza, Argimiro; López-Bote, Clemente; Rey, Ana; Olivares, Álvaro)From Duplicate 2 (Effect of age at the beginning of the free-range fattening period on growth and carcass and fat quality in Iberian pigs - Daza, Argimiro; López-Bote, Clemente; Rey, Ana; Olivares, Álvaro)The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 16921928</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daza, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateos, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López Carrasco, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rey, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ovejero, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Bote, C. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of feeding system on the growth and carcass characteristics of Iberian pigs, and the use of ultrasound to estimate yields of joints.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meat science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carcass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feeding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian pig</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ultrasounds</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22061368</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forty three-castrated male Iberian pigs of the Torbiscal line with an average initial weight of 102.27kg were used. A group of 22 pigs was fed according to the traditional way in free-range conditions with acorn and grass from November to January. Another group of 21 animals was fed 3.72kg/day of a conventional feed that contained 12.53MJME/kg, 16.21% crude protein, 4.94% fat and 6.64% of crude fiber, during the same period. Measurements of backfat thickness and Longissimus dorsi muscle area at the last rib were taken by means of a real-time ultrasound device (Kretz Technick Inc., 600 V-V2.32, Sonovet, Austria) in all pigs before slaughter. After slaughter, carcass, ham and foreleg weights and backfat and muscle area measurement from the last rib chop were recorded. The average daily gain, carcass yield, fat thickness, loin area, ham weight and proportion of hams were significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) in the pigs fed in confinement than in those fed extensively (653.36g, 77.97%, 56.46mm, 3031mm(2), 22.26kg and 14.32% vs 501.48g, 76.94%, 51.74mm, 2673mm(2), 21.52kg and 13.79%, respectively). This paper shows the prediction equations for hams, forelegs and total hams and forelegs weights and proportions with respect to slaughter weight and live ultrasound measurements in pigs fed either extensively or in confinement. The ultrasound measurements better predicted the carcass cuts absolute amounts (R(2)=0.591-0.875) than the carcass cuts proportions (R(2)=0.23-0.40). The use of real-time ultrasound should be used with caution to predict the absolute quantities of hams and forelegs from Iberian pigs since the ultrasound measurements are only moderately accurate.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 22061368</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dettori, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Falqui, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filigheddu, M. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sedda, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Performance di recenti imboschimenti con quercia da sughero in ex-coltivi</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reg EEC 2080/92</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardinia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sisef.it/forest@/show.php?id=395http://www.sisef.it/forest@/pdf/Dettori_395.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">327 - 338</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recently, significant forestry activities have taken place in Sardinia thanks to EU Regulation 2080/92 funds. Some 80% of the afforestated surface has been planted with holm oak and cork oak. The latter also characterizes 89% of the reforestation area. Given the funding source, plantations have been established on farmlands. Growth performances of these recent cork oak stands have been quantitatively evaluated and compared with the performances of two experimental plots. In Gallura (north-east of Sardinia), that is the traditional cork production area and still is economically the most important cork district of the island, these new cork oak plantations have an average size of 28 ha. They have been established on lands that, before plantation, were either pastures (30%) or arable lands (70%). Plantation failures are limited to 8.8% of the total (in term of mass) and seem independent of environmental factors or plantations species composition (conifers have been frequently used as secondary species). Average growth of the stem, measured above cork at collar height, is in the range 4 to 8mm/year with a mean value of 5.5mm/year. No correlation appears with either environmental conditions or species composition of the plantations. In the first experimental plot, soil management practices (natural vegetation removal vs its cutting and mulching) does not differentiate young plants growth trends. In the control subplots (no removal) stem collar diameter is 20% smaller. Localized manual hoeing around trunk base increased the diameters by 13% but reduced cork thickness by 21%. The second experimental plot allows comparisons among 27 Mediterranean proveniences of cork oak. The trial exhibits reduced genetic influence: diameters and heights growth are significantly different only among extreme groups. In conclusion, reduced growth performances of the plantations established in farmlands is due, to some extent, to the limitations inherent with private land management (constrained to costs minimization) and, on the other hand, to the generally very limited thickness of Gallura soils. Demand for good quality commercial cork is steadily raising. To sustain the request, in the short term, it would be necessary to extend financial support for plantations care, from 5 to 10 years, or even up to the first stripping (virgin cork).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Dipartimento di Economia e Sistemi arborei Universit� di Sassari, via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari.&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SISEF - Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aranda, Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agustí, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, Richard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fleck, Isabel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosynthesis, growth and structural characteristics of holm oak resprouts originated from plants grown under elevated CO2</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physiologia Plantarum</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CO2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elevated CO2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fluorescence (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resprouts</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00745.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">302 - 312</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The physiological characteristics of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) resprouts originated from plants grown under current CO2 concentration (350 μl l−1) (A-resprouts) were compared with those of resprouts originated from plants grown under elevated CO2 (750 μl l−1) (E-resprouts). At their respective CO2 growth concentration, no differences were observed in photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters between the two kinds of resprout. E-resprouts appeared earlier and showed lower stomatal conductance, higher water-use efficiency and increased growth (higher leaf, stem and root biomass and increased height). Analyses of leaf chemical composition showed the effect of elevated [CO2] on structural polysaccharide (higher cellulose content), but no accumulation of total non-structural carbohydrate on area or dry weight basis was seen. Four months after appearance, downregulation of photosynthesis and electron transport components was observed in E-resprouts: lower photosynthetic capacity, photosystem II quantum efficiency, photochemical quenching of fluorescence and relative electron transport rate. Reduction in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) activity, deduced from the maximum carboxylation velocity of RuBisCo, accounts for the observed acclimation. Increased susceptibility of photosynthetic apparatus to increasing irradiance was detected in E-resprouts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonfil, Consuelo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortés, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retana, Javier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of disturbance in the co-existence of the evergreen Quercus ilex and the deciduous Quercus cerrioides</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clipping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survival</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02280.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">423 - 430</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Question: Which is the response of the evergreen Quercus ilex and the deciduous Q. cerrioides to repeated disturbances? Location: central Catalonia (northeastern Spain), in the areas affected by two of the largest historically recorded wildfires in NE Spain: the Bages-Berguedà fire (24 300 ha forested area burned in July 1994), and the Solsonès fire (14 300 ha burned in 1998). Methods: Survival and growth of individuals of Quercus ilex and Q. cerrioides were evaluated in plants subjected to different fire histories and experimental disturbances (burning, cutting or clipping) applied either before or after summer. Results: Survival was high (&gt; 99%), with both species showing a similar high resistance to disturbances. Growth after experimental disturbance was positively related to the size of the individual before the latest forest fire occurred. Fire history had a large effect on resprout growth, as the repeated incidence of disturbances lowered the capacity of individuals to grow. The type and season of experimental disturbance experienced by plants had a large effect. Individuals that experienced total above-ground loss had lower growth rates than those with partial loss. A similar pattern was observed in individuals disturbed after the summer in relation to those disturbed before summer. Conclusions: The larger growth rates recorded in Q. cerrioides across all fire histories and experimental treatments, and the higher vulnerability of Q. ilex to increased fire frequency, intensity of experimental disturbance, and disturbance season, provide evidence for the relatively high susceptibility of the latter to repeated disturbances. This view disagrees with the larger resilience of this species compared to co-existing deciduous oaks, as reported.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAVO, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SÁNCHEZ, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SERRADA, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINACIÓN DE ROTACIONES ÓPTIMAS EN LA APLICACIÓN DE RESALVEOS DE CONVERSIÓN A MONTE ALTO EN TALLARES DE ENCINA Y DE QUEJIGO EN LA ZONA CENTRAL DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">III Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conversion thinning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coppicce forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gall oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rotation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 4</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conversion thinning seems to be a good option for most of the coppicce forests of holm oak and gall oak, where the lack of management is causing severe problems. Intensity and rotation of thinning are the two main parameters to be studied. This paper deals with the second one. Six coppicce forests of holm oak and two for gall oak in the Guadalajara province where selected. Those stands had been thinned in a known date, and have been compared with near control stands, which have not been thinned in the past. Diameter growth after thinning has been studied throught rings count and ring width measurement in both kind of stands. 129 trees of holm oak and 79 trees of gall oak have been studied. The main conclusions are the evidence of a significant growth of diameter in holm oaks that is present 11 years after the thinning, while in gall oak results are not so clear. In gall oak just one site showed a positive answer to thinning, that was present until 17 years after. K.W.:</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: III Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;issue: 1&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Granada</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherbuy, Bénédicte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, Richard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gillon, Dominique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, Serge</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internal remobilization of carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogen and phosphorus in the Mediterranean evergreen oak Quercus ilex</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient storage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resource remobilization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/1/9.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9 - 17</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remobilization of internal resources is an important mechanism enabling plants to be partly independent of external nutrient availability. We assessed resource remobilization during the growing period in woody and foliar tissues of leafy branches of mature evergreen Mediterranean oak (Quercus ilex L.) at three field sites. We compared nonstructural carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogen and phosphorus pools in leaves and stems before bud burst (March) and at the end of the growing period (July). We also experimentally defoliated leafy branches to determine the storage function of old leaves. Changes in pools of carbon compounds in leaves and stems during spring and in response to defoliation indicated that foliar and woody tissues could provide carbon to support shoot growth. Independently of stem age, soluble sugar and lipid pools decreased significantly during spring. Changes in leaf pools between March and July involved all compounds measured except starch and were accompanied by a 5%; decrease in mean leaf biomass. During the same period, 15%; of the nitrogen and 25%; of the phosphorus were removed from leaves. In contrast, woody tissues did not remobilize nitrogen or phosphorus. Our results support earlier hypotheses that leaves of evergreen species have a primary role in resource remobilization.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/21.1.910.1093/treephys/21.1.9</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, Alexandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caractérisation de la croissance et de la qualité du liège dans une région de production</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2000169</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187 - 193</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork growth and quality were characterised in 5 cork oak stands within the production area of the Sado basin (Alcácer do Sal, Portugal) based on a field sampling on 40 trees/stand. Cork thickness was on average 33.8 mm, with 75% of the samples in the commercial classes above 27 mm suitable for production of stoppers. Porosity measured by image analysis was 4.6% on average. Between tree and between stand variability of cork quality was large. The annual average cork growth for a production cycle with 8 complete growth years was 4.1 mm, being highest during the years following cork extraction and decreasing during the cycle. For this region, a production cycle of 9 years is adequate for raw-material industrial requirements. The results show the importance of between tree variability in growth and especially in quality.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterization of cork growth and quality in one region of production.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187 - 193</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork growth and quality were characterised in 5 cork oak stands within the production area of the Sado basin (Alcacer do Sal, Portugal) based on a field sampling on 40 trees/stand. Cork thickness was on average 33.8 mm, with 75% of the samples in the commercial classes above 27 mm suitable for production of stoppers. Porosity measured by image analysis was 4.6% on average. Between toe and between stand variability of cork quality was large. The annual average cork growth for a production cycle with 8 complete growth years was 4.1 mm, being highest during the years following cork extraction and decreasing during the cycle. For this region, a production cycle of 9 years is adequate for raw-material industrial requirements. The results show the importance of between tree variability in growth and especially in quality.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rey Benayas, José M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth and survival in Quercus ilex L. seedlings after irrigation and artificial shading on Mediterranean set-aside agricultural land</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural land</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">irrigation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shade</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survival</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19980704</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">801 - 807</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Considerable quantities of agricultural land are being transformed into forested lands in E.U. countries. To assess afforestation practice, we analyzed the growth and survival of 800 Quercus ilex sp. ballota seedlings in set-aside agricultural land under semi-arid Mediterranean climate conditions in central Spain. The survival and growth of the seedlings were monitored for 3 years after planting with an experimental design that included all four combinations of: i) irrigation or no irrigation during the dry season; and ii) artificial shading or no shading. Significant differences in survival and growth (height, stem diameter and crown projected area) were found among treatments. Survival was lowest (53 %) in the control plots, and very similar (around 93 %) for the irrigation, shade and combined treatments. Most of the mortality occurred after the first dry season. The high survival rate in irrigated but not shaded plots coincided with a thick layer of the weed Amaranthus retroflexus L. (in the first dry season). Seedling growth was greatest on average under irrigation and shade conditions. Shade was found to have a significant effect for all growth measurements, while irrigation alone only affected stem diameter growth and crown projected area in interaction with shade. Growth measurements were correlated to microclimatic conditions in the plots as measured by the amounts of water and actual evapotranspiration. We conclude that the attenuation of summer stress must be considered in the early stages of successful plantation practice of set-aside agricultural land in a dry environment.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveira, Graca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, Otflia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenological and growth patterns of the Mediterranean oak Quercus suber L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees-Structure and …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">specific leaf weight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/r14387032226767q.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41 - 46</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The phenology of Quercus suber L., a dominant species of the montados in the Iberian Peninsula, was studied for 2 years in southwest Portugal. The seasonal progression of phenological events was analyzed in seven trees. Selected branches were examined monthly for shoot elongation, leaf number, branching, flowering, and fruiting. Radial stem growth and specific leaf weight were also studied. Active growth was observed from early spring to early summer. Reserves accumulated during winter and high photosynthetic activity in early spring apparently supported this strong development. The growth flush started with stem radial increment, which seemed to be impaired by spring rainfall. Male inflorescence production was the next phenological event. Old leaves were shed during new twig and leaf emergence. Shoot elongation and the number of new leaves produced were well correlated with the previous-year shoot's length, and were not clearly related to climatic factors. Radial growth resumed in au- tumn at a lower rate than in the previous spring, a possible consequence of a reserve depletion due to lower photo- synthetic production in summer and investment on fruit maturation, which was complete by late autumn. Premature and excessive new leaf production were apparently sub- jected to self-pruning strategies related to the development of each tree's crown. Younger cork-oaks produced shorter and fewer shoots per module, and more sclerophyllous leaves than the older ones. A high intra-specific variability was observed in all the results.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ducrey, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toth, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of cleaning and thinning on height growth and girth increment in holm oak coppices (Quercus ilex L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cleaning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coppice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thinning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/HXU30RK85H074K63.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">365 - 376</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article studies the influence of cleaning or thinning intensity and of coppice age at the time of silvicultural treatment, on the growth of shoots remaining on the stool, in Quercus ilex coppices. Two experimental designs were used to answer these questions. The first studied the effect of two cleaning intensities on 4, 8, 15, 20, and 25 year old coppices. The second studied the effect of 4 thin- O O/ ning intensities (26 o, 42.0, 58%, or 78 °,/o removal of the initial basal area) on 43 and 57 year old coppices. In both cases, control plots undergoing no silvicultural treatment were maintained for each age class. The results, 4 and 5 years after silvicultural treatment, concerned girth increment and height growth of coppice shoots. Cleaning or thinning consistently had a positive influence on girth increment. In young coppices, less than 25 years old, mean annual girth increment was approximately 6 mm in the controls and double that under heavy cleaning. In older coppices, girth increment was lower in controls (3 mm per year) but the effect of thinning was very positive and, under very heavy thinning, growth was more than 11 mm per year. Cleaning and thinning often modify height growth. This effect was found to be either positive or negative and no general trend could be defined which was valid for all the age classes. Silvicultural treatments also had a positive effect on the appearance and growth of epicormic shoots on the holm oak trunks. The results were also analysed at the stool level. The number or percentage of shoots removed had a positive effect on the individual growth of selected shoots</style></abstract></record></records></xml>