<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corcobado, Tamara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solla, Alejandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madeira, Manuel A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Gerardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Combined effects of soil properties and Phytophthora cinnamomi infections on Quercus ilex decline</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLANT AND SOIL</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root-rot disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvopastoral systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil compaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil texture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">373</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">403 - 413</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The importance of soil properties as determinants of tree vitality and Phytophthora cinnamomi root infections was analysed. The study comprised 96 declining stands in western Spain, where declining and non-declining holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) trees were sampled. Soil properties (soil depth, Ah horizon thickness, texture, pH, redox potential, soil bulk density and N-NH4 (+) and N-NO3 (-) concentrations) and P. cinnamomi infections were assessed. Tree mortality rates increased with low soil bulk densities, which were also associated with more P. cinnamomi-infected trees. Occurrence of infected trees was higher in fine textured soils and in thick Ah horizons. Fine textured soils favoured trees, but with the presence of P. cinnamomi their health status deteriorated. Soil under declining trees had higher N-NO3 (-)/N-NH4 (+) ratio values than under non-declining trees. Additional soil properties changes associated to grazing were not related to decline and P. cinnamomi infections. The implications of P. cinnamomi in holm oak decline and the influence of soil properties as contributors to pathogen activity were demonstrated. Fine soil textures and thick Ah horizons, usually favourable for vigour and vitality of trees growing in the Mediterranean climate, were shown to be disadvantageous soil properties if P. cinnamomi was present. Fine soil textures and thick Ah horizons are frequently related with higher levels of soil moisture, which increase the inoculum of the pathogen and favours root infection. Grazing does not seem to be directly linked to Q. ilex health status or P. cinnamomi root rot.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SPRINGER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corcobado, Tamara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cubera, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Gerardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solla, Alejandro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex forests are influenced by annual variations in water table, soil water deficit and fine root loss caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Open woodlands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root-rot disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saturated soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water deﬁcit</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168192312002912</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">169</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92 - 99</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Itishypothesised thatmajor reductions intree vitality are related tomarked changes insoilwater content, extremely wet winters followed by dry summers, and the presence of pathogenic organisms which take advantage of this situation. This study helps clarify the role of annual variations in water table, soil water content and ﬁne root abundance in the decline of Quercus ilex forests, with special focus on trees growing in Phytophthora cinnamomi-infested soils. Conducted in western Spain, the study included 5 Q. ilex dehesa stands in which tree water status and soil water dynamic were compared in declining and non-declining trees, and 96 additional stands in which ﬁne root abundance and pathogen assessment were compared in declining and non-declining trees. Declining trees showed signiﬁcantly lower values than non-declining trees for leaf water potential and stomatal conductance. The period of waterlogging (2 months maximum, ﬂuctuating from −0.5 to −4.5m), the soil water content values observed in summer (signiﬁcantly higher in declining trees) and the similar presence of Pythium spiculum in declining and non-declining trees are not sufﬁcient in themselves to explain tree health status. However, ﬁne root density was 16.2% lower in declining than non-declining trees and 42% lower in P. cinnamomi-infected than non-infected trees. Root damage caused by P. cinnamomi in combination with periods of saturated soils favourable for the pathogen but unfavourable for the tree, coupled with small-scale differences in soil water-holding capacity, explain the symptoms and water status of declining trees. The combination of root damage and water stress explained above-ground symptoms of declining trees and will probably determine tree survival.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record></records></xml>