<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D'Orazio, Valeria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traversa, Andreina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Senesi, Nicola</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest soil organic carbon dynamics as affected by plant species and their corresponding litters: a fluorescence spectroscopy approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLANT AND SOILPLANT AND SOIL</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fluorescence spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest soils and litters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humic acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total luminescence spectroscopy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">374</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">473-484</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of forest cover distribution and plant litter input on soil organic carbon were analyzed to better understand the dynamics of carbon cycling across ecosystems on the ``Natural Oriented Reserve Bosco delle Pianelle{''}. Fluorescence spectroscopy represents a very useful tool to characterize soil organic matter properties, since it allows to directly monitor the molecular status of a fluorophore depending on its chemical environment, as well as on its structure, substituents of the aromatic moieties, and molecular weight. Here, fluorescence analysis was performed on humic acids isolated from four litters (HALs) and their underlying soils (HAs) at three depths. All samples were collected from a protected forest area, Southern Italy, under different plant covering: Quercus ilex L. (Q), mixed Carpinus betulus L. and Carpinus orientalis Mill. (CC), Pinus halepensis L. (P), and mixed Quercus trojana Webb. and Quercus ilex L. (QQ). Data obtained showed a fast decomposition process for P and QQ litters, with HAs in the underlying soils characterized by the presence of simple, highly fluorescent structural components also in the deepest layers. On the contrary, a slow decomposition process was observed for Q and CC litters, whose underlying soil HAs were characterized by an increasing aromatic polycondensation and humification degree from the surface to the deepest layers, as supported by low values of fluorescence intensity and high wavelength maxima. Results obtained indicate that P and QQ species promote C accumulation and stock in the underlying soils, thanks to a greater decomposition of their litter, and fluorescence spectroscopy is a very simple and suitable method to evaluate the influence of three species distribution on soil organic carbon pools.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Nicola, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zanella, Augusto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Testi, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fanelli, Giuliano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pignatti, Sandro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humus forms in a Mediterranean area (Castelporziano Reserve, Rome, Italy): classification, functioning and organic carbon storage</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GeodermaGeoderma</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European humus classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humus forms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forest soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">235-236</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-99</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This work reports the results of an investigation on humus forms in a Mediterranean LTER (Long-Term Ecosystem Research) site. The study tests the effectiveness of the recent European humus forms classification (Zanella et al. 2011b), based on morpho-genetic characteristics of diagnostic organic and organo-mineral horizons. Furthermore it reveals how humus forms, at the level of diagnostic horizons, are related to vegetation/soil type and carbon storage capacity of the soil. The humus forms were surveyed in different substrates, soil types, and vegetation units of a Mediterranean forest ecosystem in Central Italy (Castelporziano Reserve). Thickness, organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (Ntot) contents in organic and organo-mineral horizons, pH and texture in the organo-mineral horizon were measured and statistically analysed. The three main humus forms (Mull, Moder and Amphi) covering the soil of the Reserve appeared well separated on the PCA diagram. Thickness, OC and Ntot showed a high correlation with axes of PCA. Kruskal–Wallis tests revealed differences between Mull, Moder and Amphi: 1) the thickness of the A horizon was larger in Amphi; 2) OC in the A horizon was less in Moder; 3) Mull had less OC in organic horizons than Moder and Amphi; and 4) Mull and Amphi had twice OC of Moder in bulked organic and organo-mineral horizons. Two main ecological gradients, from neutral/aerated Mull to acid/anaerobic-water saturated logged Moder on one side and from fresh Mull to dry Amphi on the other, explain the distribution of humus forms in the Reserve. The first gradient concerns circular belts around periodically filled small basins and is peculiar to the more or less impermeable plain of Castelporziano; on the contrary, the second progressive transition is very common in Mediterranean forests. The European humus forms classification allows to better understand the organic matter cycle at the level of soil bio-structures even in this relatively small Mediterranean forest. New diagnostic horizons are proposed and necessary for surveying humus forms perturbed by wild boars. The crucial role played by the here investigated Amphi forms could increase with the prospect of climate change.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Francaviglia, Rosa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benedetti, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doro, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madrau, Salvatore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ledda, Luigi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of land use on soil quality and stratification ratios under agro-silvo-pastoral Mediterranean management systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C:N</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbial biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbial quotient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stratification ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total N</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86-92</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">a b s t r a c t A case study from north-eastern Sardinia (Italy) in semiarid conditions is presented. Agriculture is mainly extensive and markedly agro-silvo-pastoral, and is typical of similar areas of the Mediterranean basin. The following land uses at different levels of crop intensification were considered: tilled vineyard (TV), no-tilled grassed vineyard (GV), hay crop and pasture with sparse cork oaks (HC and PA), semi-natural systems (SN, former vineyards set-aside about 30 years ago), cork oak forest (Quercus suber L.) established in the past century (CO). Some soil quality parameters were considered: soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) concentrations, stocks and their stratification ratios with depth (SRs), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and its quotient to SOC (qmic), and C:N ratios. Both in terms of concentrations and stocks, SOC and TN were generally higher in HC, PA, CO and SN: in these land uses SOC in the topsoil were in the range 17.0–24.3 g kg−1 and 48.9–65.4 t ha−1; TN values were 1.07–2.08 g kg−1 and 3.1–6.0 t ha−1. SOC and TN SRs under the CO land use were higher than 4, quite above the proposed threshold (?2), &gt;2 in GV, and ≥2.0 in PA. MBC in mg kg−1 and qmic in ?g g−1 were higher under CO (194 and 0.89) and GV (156 and 0.97). C:N ratios had optimum or nearly optimum (9–12) values in CO, PA and the GV, in agreement with the SRs, MBC and qmic. A positive and significant correlation was found between SOC and TN concentrations in all the land uses. ©</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parras-Alcántara, Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Jaimes, Luisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozano-García, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández Rebollo, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno Elcure, Félix</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbonero Muñoz, María D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organic farming has little effect on carbon stock in a Mediterranean dehesa (southern Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CATENA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conventional tillage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Management practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organic farming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9-17</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding soil dynamics is essential for making appropriate land management decisions, as soils can affect the carbon content from the atmosphere, emitting large quantities of CO2 or storing carbon. This property is essential for climate change mitigation strategies as agriculture and forestry soil management can affect the car- bon cycle. The Mediterranean dehesa (Mediterranean grassland ecosystem with scattered oak trees — grazing systemwith Quercus ilex spp. ballota) is a silvopastoral systemthat integrates forestry, agricultural and livestock practices. The dehesa is characterized by the preservation of forest oaks that provide environmental services includingcarbon capture and storage.Thispaper showsthe relationships betweensoilproperties andsoil organic carbon (SOC) in two soil types: Cambisols (CM) and Leptosols (LP), with two management systems: organic farming (OF) for 20 years and conventional tillage (CT) in a Mediterranean dehesa of southern Spain without cropping. An analysis of 85 soil profiles was performed in 2009 in Los Pedroches Valley (Cordoba, southern Spain). TheSOCstock (SOC-S)was greater inCM(75.64 Mg ha−1)thaninLP(44.01 Mg ha−1). Physical parameters were themain variables affecting soil development. SOC-S was very similar in OF and CT (CM [74.90 Mg ha−1-CT; 76.39 Mg ha−1-OF] and LP [44.77 Mg ha−1-CT; 43.25 Mg ha−1-OF]). Data analysis showed that management practices had little effect on SOC storage in the study zone. Significant differences between soil types and manage- ment practiceswere found in SOC content for different horizons. The stratification ratiowas N2in bothsoils types (CM and LP) and management systems (OF and CT). These results indicate that the soil is of high quality, and that management practices have little influence on SOC-S in Los Pedroches Valley.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corral-Fernández, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parras-Alcántara, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozano-García, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stratification ratio of soil organic C, N and C:N in Mediterranean evergreen oak woodland with conventional and organic tillage</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C:N ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stratiﬁcation ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tillage</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167880912004252</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">252 - 259</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TheMediterraneanevergreenoakwoodland(MEOW-dehesa)is themostwidespreadagroforestry system in Mediterranean Europe and integrates forestry, agricultural and livestock practices. The MEOW-dehesa is a grazing system with evergreen Quercus ilex spp. ballota. It is characterized by the conservation of forest oaks (Quercus spp.) and provides environmental beneﬁts such as carbon capture and storage in soils. The effect of conventional tillage (CT) and organic tillage (OT) on the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and C:N ratios has not been well documented in the MEOW-dehesa. The objective of this paper is to study these parameters in the MEOW-dehesa in two soil types (Leptosols and Cambisols) and two management systems, OT for 20 years and CT. The stratiﬁcation ratio (SR) of SOC, TN and C:N ratio is also evaluated. An analysis is performed on 85 soil proﬁles over the 2005–2009 period in southern Spain. The SR of SOC in Cambisols was greater under OT than CT, ranging from 1.25 to 1.42 and from 1.3 to 1.6 under CT and OT, respectively. The SR of TN for 0–20.9 cm, 20.9–55.5 cm and 55.5–102.1 cm depth was greater under OT than under CT. The OT also increased the stratiﬁcation of the C:N ratio compared to CT.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emran, Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gispert, Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pardini, Giovanni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparing measurements methods of carbon dioxide fluxes in a soil sequence under land use and cover change in North Eastern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geoderma</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abandonment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon loss</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016706111003314</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">170</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">176 - 185</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide measurements from soil surface may indicate the potential for soil respiration and carbon consumption according to microbial biomass and root activity. These processes may be inﬂuenced by land use and cover change, and abandonment especially in the upper soil organic layer. Seven environments from cultivation to late abandonment, with the same soil type classiﬁed as Lithic Xerorthent, were tested to ascertain the respiration capacity according to the current use and cover, and to establish the ability to preserve and eventually increase the organic matter pools after abandonment. Given the importance of carbon dioxide measurements at soil surface, a comparison between the classic soda lime method (SL) and a rapid method based on infrared sensor analyzer (IR) was performed from autumn 2008 to autumn 2009 in the ﬁeld. The ﬁeld measurements of CO2 proved signiﬁcant correlations between the values from the two techniques under the same natural conditions and along the period of observation. However, the values of CO2 measured by the soda lime method were always higher than those obtained by the infrared analyzer. This pattern was attributed to the difference in time of measurement, larger in the former method, and type of measurement technique. Despite that the trend of measured CO2 values was rather similar along the year. On average, the highest values of CO2 emission in the ﬁeld were recorded in the warmest periods of the year and with soil surface moisture not lower than 3% independently on the method used. High soil surface temperature with soil moisture below 3% decreased drastically the CO2 production from the dry soil. The cultivated environments and soil under forests have resulted higher CO2 producers than abandoned soils depending on the age of abandonment, climatic conditions, and within abandonment perturbations. Those abandoned soils preserved by perturbations like wildﬁre showed a higher potential for accumulating organic carbon, as indicated by the lowest emission of CO2 with respect to SOC content, during the period of observation. Results demonstrated the reliability of the methods used to evaluate the soil carbon dioxide production capacity and allowed to classify through environments with increasing potential for carbon sequestration. The classiﬁcation was rather similar by using both methods indicating a higher susceptibility to carbon loss in the following order: soil under Vines (V)&gt;under Olives (O)&gt; under Pine trees (PI) &gt; under Cork Trees (S)&gt; under Pasture (PR)&gt;under Cistus scrub (MC)&gt;under Erica scrub (MB) by using the SL method and V&gt;O&gt; PI&gt; S&gt;MC&gt;MB&gt; PR by using the IR method. Indications about the need of management of abandoned areas were also considered in order to recover the landscape heterogeneity.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emran, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gispert, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pardini, G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patterns of soil organic carbon, glomalin and structural stability in abandoned Mediterranean terraced lands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Soil Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glomalin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land abandonment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seasonal variability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water storage (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2012.01493.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">637 - 649</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil carbon (C) storage potential has received considerable attention for its role in climate change mitigation, and much research work has been devoted to studying the effect of land-use change, including land abandonment, on carbon dynamics. A comparative analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC), easily extractable Bradford-reactive soil protein (EE-BRSP) and Bradford-reactive soil protein (BRSP) was carried out at monthly intervals in a land-use sequence including cultivated soils, forest soils, shrubs and pasture in northeast Spain. In general, greater seasonal variations of both EE-BRSP and BRSP were found in soils with less carbon storage capacity. Turnover of glomalin into more stable C forms was associated with a small EE-BRSP:BRSP ratio in better structured soils and BRSP was related to organic carbon, suggesting positive contributions to both the recalcitrant carbon pool and soil structure. This effect seemed to be more pronounced in August when more BRSP was found, probably because of high temperature and dry soils in which glomalin may react to preserve residual adsorbed water and provide better protection in soil microsites. The role of glomalin was further enhanced by the structural stability of aggregates (WSA) investigated in two aggregate fractions (0.25–2.00 and 2.00–5.60 mm), indicating its beneficial effect in aggregation and carbon storage potential. BRSP, SOC and WSA increased significantly (P &lt; 0.001) along the transect and abandonment sequence; the largest WSA values were generally greater in summer in both aggregate fractions. However, values in cultivated soils were always smaller than in soils under shrubs and pasture. Similarly, soils with a smaller carbon pool had the largest proportion of carbon loss as CO2-C when land use changes from vines to pasture. The role of aggregates in protecting organic carbon against mineralization was therefore postulated and highlighted the importance of soil monitoring after land abandonment.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruiz Sinoga, Jose Damian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pariente, Sarah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diaz, Asuncion Romero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martinez Murillo, Juan Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variability of relationships between soil organic carbon and some soil properties in Mediterranean rangelands under different climatic conditions (South of Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catena</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cation exchange capacity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pluviometric gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0341816211001184</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17 - 25</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in land use and vegetation cover affect various soil properties, including the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool and the transfer of atmospheric CO2 to terrestrial landscapes. In natural or quasi-natural conditions a reduction in biomass increases the risk of erosion, and can reduce the stored soil organic matter content. This can cause (i) consolidation of low levels of organic carbon stored in the soil; (ii) reduction in the levels of organic carbon because of the onset of erosion processes; and (iii) differing rates of recovery of the soil in response to environmental factors including precipitation, which is a principal agent of indirect recharge of soil organic matter. Few comparable studies have analyzed the reduction of SOC because of erosion, and assessed how this contributes to the loss of soil as vegetation cover decreases. This is particularly the case in semiarid Mediterranean environments, where erosion is one of the main causes of soil degradation. This study presents the results of an experiment carried out along a pluviometric gradient from humid to semiarid Mediterranean conditions, in southern Spain. The study involved two soil depths at ﬁve ﬁeld sites having similar lithology, slope and aspect, but differ in vegetation cover and composition related to their location along the gradient. We used soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) as an indicator of soil degradation. The results showed that: a) SOC decreased with decreasing rainfall; b) SOC is greater at the soil surface than at depth; c) CEC is a good indicator of the degradation of soil surface formations, as it is directly related to the SOC storage capacity; and d) the so-called “Mediterranean mountain” landscape, with sparse and mixed vegetation composed of scrubland and woodland species, is a good organic carbon sink with direct implications in relation to climate change.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zucca, Claudio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canu, Annalisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previtali, Franco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil degradation by land use change in an agropastoral area in Sardinia (Italy)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catena</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agropastoral practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BQI (Biological Quality Index)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microporosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46-54</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent decades the clearing of Mediterranean maquis along with the creation of new pastures has been a major factor of land degradation in Sardinia (Italy). This was due to an inadequate implementation of agricultural policies. Consequently, tillage and water erosion intensiﬁed over a wide area. The present work assesses the impacts of land use change on soil properties in a representative area of central-eastern Sardinia. Paired forest and pasture sampling sites were selected in relation to present land use, land suitability, and land use history. Different soil properties were considered: physical (sand, silt, clay, soil thickness, bulk density, and penetration resistance), chemical (pH, OC, N, C/N, Ca, Mg, Na, K, CEC, and BS), biological (BQI), and micromorphological (microporosity and microstructure). The comparison of forest and pasture soils showed a signiﬁcant soil loss (in terms of soil thickness, −22%), and a clear decrease in organic carbon storage (−64% on average). An increase in bulk density (+44%) and a change in microporosity and its vertical distribution were also observed, respectively by ﬁeld measurements and micromorphological quantiﬁcation on digital images.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zavala, Lorena M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González, Félix a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jordán, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intensity and persistence of water repellency in relation to vegetation types and soil parameters in Mediterranean SW Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geoderma</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil acidity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil water repellency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016706109002286</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">152</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">361 - 374</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The objectives of this research are the following: [1] to study the persistence and intensity of water repellency in soil samples (0–5 cm deep) collected under different plant species, [2] to analyze the relationships between soil water repellency and environmental factors including soil organic matter content, soil acidity, and texture, and [3] to study the variations of soil water repellency measured on soil samples collected in winter (2007) and summer (2008) in the studied area. Soil water repellency has been studied in Mediterranean coniferous and eucalyptus forests, particularly after burning, but the number of studies concerning other Mediterranean forest systems is still very low. In this paper, soil water repellency was measured by using the water drop penetration time test and the ethanol percentage test on samples collected during the winter of 2007 and the summer of 2008 under different land uses (pines, cork oaks, eucalyptus, heathland and olive trees) in a Mediterranean subhumid forested area (Los Alcornocales Natural Park, Cádiz and Málaga, Spain). Most of the soil samples collected under heathland showed extreme water repellency, whereas soils under olive trees showed low or inexistent water repellency. The organic matter content and acidity were highly correlated with water repellency in soils under pines, cork oaks and eucalyptus, while soils under heathland or olive trees showed poorer correlations. The average soil moisture content of samples collected during winter (2007) was 20.7± 7.9%, and it decreased in samples collected during summer (2008) to 1.1± 0.6%. The persistence and intensity of water repellency varied slightly between samples collected in winter and summer in soils under all species except under heathland. Water repellency persisted in most cases during the wet and dry season, and many soils showed strong water repellency even during winter. The patchy patterns of persistence and intensity of soil water repellency are conditioned by the spatial distribution of the studied land uses, which dictate the intensity and persistence of soil water repellency, and modulated by other environmental factors. The vegetation effects on soil hydrology should be considered for afforestation work and ﬂooding control.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zavala, Lorena M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González, Félix a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jordán, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intensity and persistence of water repellency in relation to vegetation types and soil parameters in Mediterranean SW Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geoderma</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil acidity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil water repellency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">152</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">361-374</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The objectives of this research are the following: [1] to study the persistence and intensity of water repellency in soil samples (0–5 cm deep) collected under different plant species, [2] to analyze the relationships between soil water repellency and environmental factors including soil organic matter content, soil acidity, and texture, and [3] to study the variations of soil water repellency measured on soil samples collected in winter (2007) and summer (2008) in the studied area. Soil water repellency has been studied in Mediterranean coniferous and eucalyptus forests, particularly after burning, but the number of studies concerning other Mediterranean forest systems is still very low. In this paper, soil water repellency was measured by using the water drop penetration time test and the ethanol percentage test on samples collected during the winter of 2007 and the summer of 2008 under different land uses (pines, cork oaks, eucalyptus, heathland and olive trees) in a Mediterranean subhumid forested area (Los Alcornocales Natural Park, Cádiz and Málaga, Spain). Most of the soil samples collected under heathland showed extreme water repellency, whereas soils under olive trees showed low or inexistent water repellency. The organic matter content and acidity were highly correlated with water repellency in soils under pines, cork oaks and eucalyptus, while soils under heathland or olive trees showed poorer correlations. The average soil moisture content of samples collected during winter (2007) was 20.7± 7.9%, and it decreased in samples collected during summer (2008) to 1.1± 0.6%. The persistence and intensity of water repellency varied slightly between samples collected in winter and summer in soils under all species except under heathland. Water repellency persisted in most cases during the wet and dry season, and many soils showed strong water repellency even during winter. The patchy patterns of persistence and intensity of soil water repellency are conditioned by the spatial distribution of the studied land uses, which dictate the intensity and persistence of soil water repellency, and modulated by other environmental factors. The vegetation effects on soil hydrology should be considered for afforestation work and ﬂooding control.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Francaviglia, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gataleta, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marchionni, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trinchera, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aromolo, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benedetti, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nisini, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morselli, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brusori, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olivieri, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernardi, E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil quality and vulnerability in a Mediterranean natural ecosystem of Central Italy.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acidification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric depositions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological indicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical loads</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil microbial biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">455-466</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wet and dry atmospheric depositions and soil chemical and microbiological properties were determined in a Mediterranean natural ecosystem of Central Italy near Rome (Castelporziano Estate). The monitoring of depositions permitted us to quantify the exceedances of S and N compounds (expressed as eqH(+)ha(-1)year(-1)) over the critical loads of acidity. Critical loads, i.e. the quantity of a substance which a part of the environment can tolerate without adverse effects occurring, were determined adopting the level 0 methodology following the UN/ECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. Deposition data were available for the period 1992-1997, and acidity exceedances were referred to the main vegetation types present in the area. Results showed that most part of the Estate has a medium degree of vulnerability to acidification, and the corresponding risk of acidification deriving from the exceedances of atmospheric deposition was rather low. The study of soil chemical and microbiological properties included mainly total soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass-C, biomass-C/SOC, soil respiration, and metabolic quotient (qCO2). Soil organic C metabolism has been discussed on the basis of the results from eight sampling sites.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14987944</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Francaviglia, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gataleta, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marchionni, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trinchera, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aromolo, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benedetti, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nisini, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morselli, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brusori, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olivieri, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernardi, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil quality and vulnerability in a Mediterranean natural ecosystem of Central Italy.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acidification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric depositions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological indicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical loads</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil microbial biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14987944</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">455 - 466</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wet and dry atmospheric depositions and soil chemical and microbiological properties were determined in a Mediterranean natural ecosystem of Central Italy near Rome (Castelporziano Estate). The monitoring of depositions permitted us to quantify the exceedances of S and N compounds (expressed as eqH(+)ha(-1)year(-1)) over the critical loads of acidity. Critical loads, i.e. the quantity of a substance which a part of the environment can tolerate without adverse effects occurring, were determined adopting the level 0 methodology following the UN/ECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. Deposition data were available for the period 1992-1997, and acidity exceedances were referred to the main vegetation types present in the area. Results showed that most part of the Estate has a medium degree of vulnerability to acidification, and the corresponding risk of acidification deriving from the exceedances of atmospheric deposition was rather low. The study of soil chemical and microbiological properties included mainly total soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass-C, biomass-C/SOC, soil respiration, and metabolic quotient (qCO2). Soil organic C metabolism has been discussed on the basis of the results from eight sampling sites.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 14987944</style></notes></record></records></xml>