<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto-Correia, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristensen, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linking research to practice: The landscape as the basis for integrating social and ecological perspectives of the rural</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual framework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-productivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rural paradigms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transitions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204613001333</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The rural spaces in Europe are undergoing complex processes of transition, at multiple scales, and rhythms. In order to grasp and understand the changes occurring, the need emerges for new, con- ceptual approaches that make it possible to combine the different factors that shape spaces. Recent, literature on the multifunctional character of rural spaces and their transition pathways shows the, need for spatially based approaches, where the natural characteristics of a landscape are combined, with the socio-economic and cultural drivers that affect its changes. Experience shows how practical, questions on the changes affecting the rural, addressed by society to the scientific community, are of a, new character and require novel research approaches. This paper argues that landscape based, approaches can be useful basis for the required conceptual innovation. The paper presents and, discusses a set of examples of prac- tice driven research developments, in contrasting regions of Europe. And it proposes a conceptual model which aims to contextualize empirical research driven by, problems set up in practice, and combining the ecological and structural dimensions with the socioeconomic, and cultural ones, all converging in the rural landscape, at multiple scales. The landscape, as, the spatial entity, in its material and immaterial dimensions, is presented in this paper as the most, comprehensive basis for the required step forward. This does not mean a disciplinary landscape, analysis revisited, but a new multi-scale and multi-domain place based approach, where the place is, the rural landscape</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bartolomé, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plaixats, Josefina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fanlo, Rosario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boada, Martí</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation of isolated Atlantic heathlands in the Mediterranean region: effects of land-use changes in the Montseny biosphere reserve (Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">calluna vulgaris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320704002721http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320704002721</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">122</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81 - 88</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3493581149</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the Mediterranean region, cycles of controlled burning combined with continuous grazing appear to have been an effective tool for maintaining isolated Calluna vulgaris heathlands in the form in which they occur in many places in the Atlantic region. Changes in land use and management of the mosaic of extensively exploited heathland and associated grassland over recent decades, such as bringing land into cultivation followed by its abandonment and the prohibition of fires has resulted in a process of transformation into new shrub communities with lower biodiversity. In the Mediterranean region, these changes are similar to those described in the Atlantic area, but encroachment occurs faster and could lead ultimately to afforestation by Mediterranean woodland.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ortega, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estimation of plant diversity at landscape level: a methodological approach applied to three Spanish rural areas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metrics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote sensing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/G4606QX0065034M3.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97 - 116</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Approaches linking biodiversity assessment with landscape structure are necessary in the framework of sustainable rural development. The present paper describes a methodology to estimate plant diversity involving landscape structure as a proportional weight associated with different plant communities found in the landscape mosaic. The area occupied by a plant community, its patch number or its spatial distribution of patches are variables that could be expressed in gamma plant diversity of a territory. The methodology applies (1) remote sensing information, to identify land cover and land use types; (2) aspect, to discriminate composition of plant communities in each land cover type; (3) multi-scale ﬁeld techniques, to asses plant diversity; (4) afﬁnity analysis of plant community composition, to validate the stratiﬁed random sampling design and (5) the additive model that partitions gamma diversity into its alpha and beta components. The method was applied to three Spanish rural areas and was able to record 150–260 species per ha. Species richness, Shannon information index and Simpson concentration index were used to measure diversity in each area. The estimation using Shannon diversity index and the product of patch number and patch interspersion as weighting of plant community diversity was found to be the most appropriate method of measuring plant diversity at the landscape level.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto-Correia, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vos, Willem</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongman, R. H. G.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multifunctionality in Mediterranean landscapes–past and future</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The New Dimensions of the European Landscapes</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agri-environmental</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agro-silvo-pastoral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multifunctionality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=F43tHLBnZeMC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA135&amp;dq=Multifunctionality+in+Mediterranean+landscapes+?+past+and+future&amp;ots=vyvkOhafkn&amp;sig=J2UnA8Q34lVroUaNjvKRlGb1vvY</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dordrecht</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135 - 164</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-4020-2910-1</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During past decades many of the traditional multifunctional Mediterranean landscapes with their typical complexes of agro-, silvo- and pastoral components changed thoroughly. Nowadays only few of them are still vital. Their complex farming systems secure at the same time a multitude of other functions than just agricultural production, such as support for recreation, amenity, cultural identity, preservation of natural resources and environmental quality. Some of these unique, old Mediterranean landscapes are discussed. They cover a broad range from near-tonature high mountain landscapes and terraced small-scale submediterranean polyculture landscapes to dry Mediterranean agro-silvo-pastoral landscapes. All these are changing, either spontaneously due to changing socio-economic and cultural conditions, or as a result of conscious policies, with the Common Agricultural Policy as a main driver. Even measures created to support specific traditional land uses and their landscapes are often not successful as they focus on only a part of the system. These policies and measures will not hold the valuable traditional systems from collapsing and subsequent vanishing. Some other policy instruments, such as those in forestry, are not meant to support them, but to transform them in favour of new monofunctionality. New strategies and instruments ought to deal with these multifunctional landscapes in a more integrated way, if some of them are to be maintained or transformed into others with similar qualities.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: The New Dimensions of the European Landscapes</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, T. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Threatened landscape in Alentejo, Portugal: the 'montado'and other 'agro-silvo-pastoral'systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016920469390081N</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43 - 48</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Portugal agro-silvo-pastoral systems correspond to the mixed land use types characteristic of the region of Alentejo, in the southern part of the country. There is a triple and complementary use of the land, adapted to the low potentialities of the soil and to the Mediterranean climate: open evergreen forest (oaks, olive and chestnut trees), grazing and cultivation. Due to their mixed characteristics and to the extensive form of exploitation, these systems constitute varied landscapes of high biological diversity. They have been managed through decades as an almost self-maintained system, with a minimum of human work input, but furnishing nevertheless the necessary outputs for the dispersed rural population of the area. Actually, due to the decrease in the economic value of some of the products concerned and to the changing context for Portuguese agriculture, these agro-silvo-pastoral systems have registered perturbations by intensification or extensification; in both cases there is a degradation or disappearance of the corresponding landscapes.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>