<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joannin, Sébastien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magny, Michel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peyron, Odile</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vannière, Boris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galop, Didier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate and land-use change during the late Holocene at Lake Ledro (southern Alps, Italy).</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HoloceneHolocene</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate oscillations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Late Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">southern Alps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation dynamic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sage Publications, Ltd.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">591-602</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper investigates the relative influences of climatic and anthropogenic factors in explaining environmental and societal changes in the southern Alps, Italy. We investigate a deep sediment core (LL081) from Lake Ledro (652 m a.s.l.). Environmental changes are reconstructed through multiproxy analysis, that is, pollen-based vegetation and climate reconstruction, magnetic susceptibility (MS), lake level, and flood frequency, and the paper focuses on the climate and land-use changes which occurred during the late Holocene. For this time interval, Lake Ledro records high mean water table, increasing amount of pollen-based precipitation, and more erosive conditions. Therefore, while a more humid late Holocene in the southern Alps has the potential to reinforce the forest presence, pollen evidence suggests that anthropogenic activities changed the impact of this regional scenario. Land-use activity (forest clearance for pastoralism, farming, and arboriculture) opened up the large vegetated slopes in the catchment of Lake Ledro, which in turn magnified the erosion related to the change in the precipitation pattern. The record of an almost continuous human occupation for the last 4100 cal. BP is divided into several land-use phases. On the one hand, forest redevelopments on abandoned or less cultivated areas appear to be climatically induced as they occurred in relation with well-known events such as the 2.8-kyr cold event and the ‘Little Ice Age’. On the other hand, climatically independent changes in land use or habitat modes are observed, such as the late-Bronze-Age lake-dwellings abandonment, the human population migration at c. 1600 cal. BP, and the period of the Black Death and famines at 600 cal. BP. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 95564617; Joannin, Sébastien 1 Magny, Michel 2 Peyron, Odile 3 Vannière, Boris 2 Galop, Didier 4; Affiliation: 1: CNRS USR 3124 MSHE Ledoux, France, Université de Franche-Comté, France, Université Lyon 1, France, The University of Manchester, UK 2: CNRS USR 3124 MSHE Ledoux, France, Université de Franche-Comté, France 3: Université de Franche-Comté, France, Université Montpellier 2, France 4: CNRS UMR 5602, GEODE, France; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 24 Issue 5, p591; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: LAND use; Subject Term: SOIL erosion; Subject Term: HOLOCENE Epoch; Subject Term: VEGETATION dynamics; Subject Term: MAGNETIC susceptibility; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: ITALY; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: land-use; Author-Supplied Keyword: late Holocene; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: southern Alps; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation dynamic; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 4 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 95564617; Joannin, Sébastien 1 Magny, Michel 2 Peyron, Odile 3 Vannière, Boris 2 Galop, Didier 4; Affiliation: 1: CNRS USR 3124 MSHE Ledoux, France, Université de Franche-Comté, France, Université Lyon 1, France, The University of Manchester, UK 2: CNRS USR 3124 MSHE Ledoux, France, Université de Franche-Comté, France 3: Université de Franche-Comté, France, Université Montpellier 2, France 4: CNRS UMR 5602, GEODE, France; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 24 Issue 5, p591; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: LAND use; Subject Term: SOIL erosion; Subject Term: HOLOCENE Epoch; Subject Term: VEGETATION dynamics; Subject Term: MAGNETIC susceptibility; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: ITALY; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: land-use; Author-Supplied Keyword: late Holocene; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: southern Alps; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation dynamic; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 4 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa, Dalila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sousa, José Paulo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of seasons and land-use practices on soil microbial activity and metabolic diversity in the “Montado ecosystem”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Soil Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biolog</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montado ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N-Mineralization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil enzymes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S116455631300071Xhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S116455631300071X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The “Montado ecosystem” is important both economically and ecologically; this ecosystem is dominated by cork and holm oak trees (Quercus suber L. and Quercus rotundifolia Lam. respectively) combined with a rotation of crops/fallow/pastures. Diverse management strategies, deviating from the sustainable use of the ecosystem, have been implemented, from which arise some extreme situations of over-use or abandonment. To evaluate the effects of different soil use and management, namely extensive cropping, intensive pasture and abandonment, in the activity of soil microorganisms, dehydrogenase, acid phos- phatase, b-glucosidase and urease activities, N-mineralization and nitrification rates were measured in different land-use practices, in different seasons (winter, spring and autumn). Also, the potential metabolic diversitywas evaluated by analysis of community-level physiological profiles (CLPPs). Seasonal effects were evident with maximum activity occurring in rainy seasons (winter and autumn) and lower substrate utilization in winter. Significant correlations between most microbial parameters and soil water content reflect this seasonal effect. Although showing mainly a seasonal change, microbial parameters were able to distinguish the abandoned area, with a general low activity and differential exponential rates in the use of several substrates, such as amino acids, miscellaneous and polymers, probably associated with changes in organic matter quality.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Masson SAS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, Miguel N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lecomte, Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonçalves, Merícia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caldeira, Maria C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branco, Manuela</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Establishing grazing and grazing-excluded patches increases plant and invertebrate diversity in a Mediterranean oak woodland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montados</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">261</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2133-2139</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing is a global, dominant land use affecting biodiversity and ecosystem processes. In Mediterranean ecosystems grazing is a major ecological and evolutionary driver but, surprisingly, there is little information on the use of grazing as a tool to manage biodiversity in these ecosystems. We conducted an experiment to assess if establishing grazing and small scale grazing-excluded areas would increase plant and invertebrate diversity in a Mediterranean evergreen oak woodland. Plant community traits were different between treatments. Biomass of herbs (176.7±18.3 gm−2 vs 100.4±10.6 gm−2) and litter (291.0±38.3 gm−2 vs 186.8±26.4 gm−2), as well as the total cover of legumes (0.83±0.05 vs 0.91±0.03) were higher, and the proportion of bare ground (0.83±0.05 vs 0.91±0.03) was lower, in ungrazed plots. There were no differences in the number of plant species between treatments. Some plant species and invertebrate taxa were recorded exclusively in grazed or ungrazed plots. Invertebrate detritivores and sap sucking insects were more abundant in ungrazed plots. Ant assemblages were functionally different between treatments: Honeydew-gatherer ants were associated with ungrazed and higher plant biomass plots, and seed-eaters as well as aggressive predator ant species were associated with grazed, open habitat, plots. Management practices that maintain grazing and small scale grazing-excluded areas can increase habitat heterogeneity and promote herbaceous plant and invertebrate diversity at the local level.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cubera, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Gerardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of land-use on soil water dynamic in dehesas of Central–Western Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catena</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">available water content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cultivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Encroachment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fertilisation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S034181620700015X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">298 - 308</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa ecosystems are open woodlands with scattered oak trees as their main component. As a result of differing land-uses, the structure of vegetation found within dehesas varies between: (i) oak trees and intercropped cereals (cropped), (ii) oak trees and native grass vegetation (grazed), and (iii) oak trees with abundant understorey shrubs (encroached). The aim of this study is to investigate whether land-use influences the water dynamics of dehesas by measuring available soil water content (AWC) in the upper 250 cm of the soil at different distances from tree trunks (maximum 30 m) at four Quercus ilex dehesas in Central–Western Spain. The technique used was Time Domain Reflectometry and the study was undertaken between May of 2002 and December of 2005. Leaf water potential (Ψ) was also measured on trees at one site by mean of a pressure chamber. Within the upper meter of the soil, it appears that trees, grasses and shrubs extracted soil water resources in a similar way from both beneath and beyond the tree canopy. However, encroached plots in general showed lower average AWC values than cropped or grazed plots (3.7, 5.6, and 6.2% in encroached, cropped and grazed, respectively). Cereal crops do not compete more strongly than grasses with trees for available soil water resources. The similar Ψ values found at cropped and grazed plots supported these results. From our results, it could be hypothesized that ploughed dehesas could facilitate soil re-watering in the plots with pronounced slopes. The decrease of AWC values at encroached plots with respect to the cropped and grazed plots was found mostly beyond the tree trunk at deeper soil layers, indicating that shrubs use water partly not accessible to trees. The presence of an understory of shrubs seems to have slightly increased the water constraints on trees during the summer period (Ψd values of −0.5, −0.5, and −0.8 MPa in cropped, grazed, and encroached plots, respectively). In cropped and grazed plots, an important amount of water seems to have remained unused for trees and grasses.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cubera, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Gerardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of land-use on soil water dynamic in dehesas of Central–Western Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catena</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">available water content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cultivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Encroachment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fertilisation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">298-308</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa ecosystems are open woodlands with scattered oak trees as their main component. As a result of differing land-uses, the structure of vegetation found within dehesas varies between: (i) oak trees and intercropped cereals (cropped), (ii) oak trees and native grass vegetation (grazed), and (iii) oak trees with abundant understorey shrubs (encroached). The aim of this study is to investigate whether land-use influences the water dynamics of dehesas by measuring available soil water content (AWC) in the upper 250 cm of the soil at different distances from tree trunks (maximum 30 m) at four Quercus ilex dehesas in Central–Western Spain. The technique used was Time Domain Reflectometry and the study was undertaken between May of 2002 and December of 2005. Leaf water potential (Ψ) was also measured on trees at one site by mean of a pressure chamber. Within the upper meter of the soil, it appears that trees, grasses and shrubs extracted soil water resources in a similar way from both beneath and beyond the tree canopy. However, encroached plots in general showed lower average AWC values than cropped or grazed plots (3.7, 5.6, and 6.2% in encroached, cropped and grazed, respectively). Cereal crops do not compete more strongly than grasses with trees for available soil water resources. The similar Ψ values found at cropped and grazed plots supported these results. From our results, it could be hypothesized that ploughed dehesas could facilitate soil re-watering in the plots with pronounced slopes. The decrease of AWC values at encroached plots with respect to the cropped and grazed plots was found mostly beyond the tree trunk at deeper soil layers, indicating that shrubs use water partly not accessible to trees. The presence of an understory of shrubs seems to have slightly increased the water constraints on trees during the summer period (Ψd values of −0.5, −0.5, and −0.8 MPa in cropped, grazed, and encroached plots, respectively). In cropped and grazed plots, an important amount of water seems to have remained unused for trees and grasses.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plieninger, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modolell y Mainou, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konold, W</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land manager attitudes toward management, regeneration, and conservation of Spanish holm oak savannas (dehesas)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landowner motivations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rangeland policy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185-198</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological conservation in Spanish dehesas critically depends on the long-term persistence of a holm oak tree layer.Managers of private estates in Cáceres province, Spain, were surveyed about their conservation attitudes and behavior, especially as regards the widespread regeneration failure of oak stands. The aim was to define land-user perspectives on oak conservation in dehesas as basis for the design of suitable oak regeneration programs. Dehesa estates are managed diversely for a variety of goals, with lamb and beef production predominating. Small operations (‘minifundios’) had significantly higher stocking levels than large operations (‘latifundios’). Results suggest that managers strongly appreciate oaks, both for income- and non-income-related motivations like the preservation of real estate value or family tradition. Concern about threats to oak stands like lacking regeneration, oak decline, or conversion in urban areas varied in intensity, but most managers expected major changes for the future. Statistical relationships were established between oak appreciation and socio-economic variables like age, land ownership, years the operation had been owned by the family, and use of oak products. The survey revealed great confusion about existing oak conservation regulations. For long-term support to be assured, policy should orient its efforts toward conservation incentive schemes, environmental education, and technical assistance.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plieninger, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modolell y Mainou, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konold, W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land manager attitudes toward management, regeneration, and conservation of Spanish holm oak savannas (dehesas)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landowner motivations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rangeland policy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169204603001002</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185 - 198</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological conservation in Spanish dehesas critically depends on the long-term persistence of a holm oak tree layer.Managers of private estates in Cáceres province, Spain, were surveyed about their conservation attitudes and behavior, especially as regards the widespread regeneration failure of oak stands. The aim was to define land-user perspectives on oak conservation in dehesas as basis for the design of suitable oak regeneration programs. Dehesa estates are managed diversely for a variety of goals, with lamb and beef production predominating. Small operations (‘minifundios’) had significantly higher stocking levels than large operations (‘latifundios’). Results suggest that managers strongly appreciate oaks, both for income- and non-income-related motivations like the preservation of real estate value or family tradition. Concern about threats to oak stands like lacking regeneration, oak decline, or conversion in urban areas varied in intensity, but most managers expected major changes for the future. Statistical relationships were established between oak appreciation and socio-economic variables like age, land ownership, years the operation had been owned by the family, and use of oak products. The survey revealed great confusion about existing oak conservation regulations. For long-term support to be assured, policy should orient its efforts toward conservation incentive schemes, environmental education, and technical assistance.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record></records></xml>