<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coutinho, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antunes, C R</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, William G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, Fausto</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANAGEMENT OF FOREST SOILS CONSIDERING WATER EROSION AS A CONTROL FACTOR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest management (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall interception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation canopies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Submitted</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Netherlands</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">509-523</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4020-3758-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Mediterranean regions, water erosion is strongly linked to desertification and relates mainly to constraints of land use. Soil and water play very important roles as production factors in agriculture and forest crops, so they are of almost importance in the management of forest soils for sustainable productivity. The density of plants, the amount of water available and the soil properties are aspects to take in account in the management of forestlands. The lower stage canopies of bushes and herbs established in forest lands compete for water with the trees, but are important in the maintenance of ecosystems and absorbing the energy of rainfall and throughfall, thus reducing soil erosion. For the assessment of the available water and the rainfall erosion it is necessary to know the hydrologic behaviour of tree canopies and, mainly, the role of the leaves. The major aim of this study is to present and analyse the role of the leaves in what concerns canopy interception, retention and throughfall and to present values for the leaves' retention and throughfall erosivity, obtained experimentally. Typical conditions, in Southern Portugal, are presented for mixed stands of cork and evergreen oaks, with cereals or pasture covers, and for eucalyptus. Proper management attitudes are necessary to ensure productivity, environment stability (i.e. avoiding desertification) and, consequently, improve homeland and global security.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosas, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, Lucia Lucía</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, Roma Romà</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in three Mediterranean woody species following long-term experimental drought</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crown condition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">long-term</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-s</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-structural carbohydrates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">starch</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Throughfall manipulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3795346&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;rendertype=abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stored non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) have been proposed as a key determinant of drought resistance in plants. However, the evidence for this role is controversial, as it comes mostly from observational, short-term studies. Here, we take advantage of a long-term experimental throughfall reduction to elucidate the response of NSC to increased drought 14 years after the beginning of the treatment in three Mediterranean resprouter trees (Quercus ilex L., Arbutus unedo L. and Phillyrea latifolia L.). In addition, we selected 20 Q. ilex individuals outside the experimental plots to directly assess the relationship between defoliation and NSC at the individual level. We measured the seasonal course of NSC concentrations in leaves, branches and lignotuber in late winter, late spring, summer, and autumn 2012. Total concentrations of NSC were highest in the lignotuber for all species. In the long-term drought experiment we found significant depletion in concentrations of total NSC in treatment plots only in the lignotuber of A. unedo. At the same time, A. unedo was the only species showing a significant reduction in BAI under the drought treatment during the 14 years of the experiment. By contrast, Q. ilex just reduced stem growth only during the first 4 years of treatment and P latifolia remained unaffected over the whole study period. However, we found a clear association between the concentrations of NSC and defoliation in Q. ilex individuals sampled outside the experimental plots, with lower total concentrations of NSC and lower proportion of starch in defoliated individuals. Taken together, our results suggest that stabilizing processes, probably at the stand level, may have been operating in the long-term to mitigate any impact of drought on NSC levels, and highlight the necessity to incorporate long-term experimental studies of plant responses to drought.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND&lt;br/&gt;publisher: FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 24130568</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosas, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, Lucia Lucía</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, Roma Romà</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in three Mediterranean woody species following long-term experimental drought</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crown condition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">long-term</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-s</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-structural carbohydrates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">starch</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Throughfall manipulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">400</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stored non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) have been proposed as a key determinant of drought resistance in plants. However, the evidence for this role is controversial, as it comes mostly from observational, short-term studies. Here, we take advantage of a long-term experimental throughfall reduction to elucidate the response of NSC to increased drought 14 years after the beginning of the treatment in three Mediterranean resprouter trees (Quercus ilex L., Arbutus unedo L. and Phillyrea latifolia L.). In addition, we selected 20 Q. ilex individuals outside the experimental plots to directly assess the relationship between defoliation and NSC at the individual level. We measured the seasonal course of NSC concentrations in leaves, branches and lignotuber in late winter, late spring, summer, and autumn 2012. Total concentrations of NSC were highest in the lignotuber for all species. In the long-term drought experiment we found significant depletion in concentrations of total NSC in treatment plots only in the lignotuber of A. unedo. At the same time, A. unedo was the only species showing a significant reduction in BAI under the drought treatment during the 14 years of the experiment. By contrast, Q. ilex just reduced stem growth only during the first 4 years of treatment and P latifolia remained unaffected over the whole study period. However, we found a clear association between the concentrations of NSC and defoliation in Q. ilex individuals sampled outside the experimental plots, with lower total concentrations of NSC and lower proportion of starch in defoliated individuals. Taken together, our results suggest that stabilizing processes, probably at the stand level, may have been operating in the long-term to mitigate any impact of drought on NSC levels, and highlight the necessity to incorporate long-term experimental studies of plant responses to drought.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24130568</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Limousin, Jean-Marc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, Serge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OURCIVAL, JEAN-MARC</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, Richard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling rainfall interception in a mediterranean Quercus ilex ecosystem: Lesson from a throughfall exclusion experiment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Hydrology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gash analytical model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean evergreen forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall interception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Throughfall exclusion experiment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022169408002217</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">357</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57 - 66</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the Mediterranean basin, precipitation is expected to decline by the end of the 21st century as a consequence of climate change. A throughfall exclusion experiment has been established in a Quercus ilex coppice in southern France to anticipate the response of this ecosystem to a reduced precipitation amount by removing part of the throughfall. The experiment involved four 140 m 2 plots: a control plot, a throughfall exclusion plot, a thinned plot and a throughfall exclusion in a thinned plot. This experiment has been used during nearly two years to monitor throughfall amounts in the different plots. Additionally, stemﬂow has been recorded on 20 trees between 25 April 2006 and 15 May 2007. The control plot had a stem density of 6885 stems ha 1 and a leaf area index of 3.1, rainfall partitioning into interception loss, throughfall and stemﬂow was, respectively, 30.9%, 56.6% and 12.5% of the total precipitation (1605 mm over the study period). Thinning reduced the stem basal area by 33% and the total interception loss by 34.6%. Given the rainfall partitioning, the throughfall exclusion was found to remove 19% of total precipitation, which was conﬁrmed by soil water content measurements. The revised Gash analytical model predicted interception with an agreement of 6.2% of total precipitation. Results show a good transferability of the model to a plot with a different stem density, thus supporting the idea that model parameters and evaporation from a wet canopy scale linearly with canopy cover.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llorens, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Domingo, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rainfall partitioning by vegetation under Mediterranean conditions. A review of studies in Europe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Hydrology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evaporation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall partitioning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stemﬂow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002216940600583X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">335</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37 - 54</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rainfall partitioning by vegetation plays an important role affecting the water balance at local and catchment scale due to the control that vegetation canopies exert by modifying both evaporation and the redistribution of incident rainfall. The parameters associated with this process can be found in the literature but this task is not always easy. In this context, this paper presents an exhaustive review of experimental studies dealing with rainfall interception in the Mediterranean area of Europe in the last 30 years, with information on 29 different species (89% referred to tree stands and 11% to shrubs or bushes) from 83 sites in 63 research areas found in 90 papers on studies performed in France, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The revision includes articles in international journals and books (37%), local journals (27%), Ph.D. dissertations, Master’s theses and technical documents (27%) and proceedings (10%) until 2004. The studies are representative of a wide range of rainfall, temperatures and potential evapotranspiration. The lack of a standard protocol to measure bulk rainfall, throughfall and stemﬂow in interception studies makes it difﬁcult to merge information in this type of review. Nevertheless, this review presents a detailed classiﬁcation of the information compiled according to research focus, climate and vegetation characteristics, rainfall partitioning ﬂux measurement methods and the quality of the information, giving rise to an important database of rainfall partitioning studies in the European Mediterranean area</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Anselm</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trace metal fluxes in bulk deposition, throughfall and stemflow at two evergreen oak stands in NE Spain subject to different exposure to the industrial environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dry deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">surrogate surfaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trace metals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231003008562</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171 - 180</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We compare here the bulkdeposition, throughfall and stemﬂow ﬂuxes of dissolved trace metals in two holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forests in the Montseny Mountains (NE Spain) with the aim of: (1) applying different methods to distinguish between dry deposition and canopy leaching and (2) to add to the almost non-existing deposition measurements for dissolved Cu, Pb, Mn, V, Zn, Ni and Cd in two Spanish forests differentially exposed to the urban and industrial environment. No signiﬁcant differences in mean bulkdeposition concentrations or ﬂuxes were found between sites, indicating little differential effect of the urban/industrial environment on bulkprecipitation chemistry. At both sites, throughfall and stemﬂow ﬂuxes increased relative to bulkdeposition for all elements, except for Zn and Cd. The relative contribution of leaching and dry deposition was evaluated through: (1) the seasonal variability of throughfall, (2) regressions of element ﬂuxes on water ﬂux in net throughfall, (3) washing branches and metacrylate plates, and (4) the sequential washing of branches. Results indicated that leaching was the main enrichment process for Mn. For Ni, except the sequential washings, all other evidences also pointed to leaching. For Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and V there was ample evidence for dry deposition. The fact that Zn and Cd had negative net throughfall ﬂuxes indicated that canopy uptake was greater than deposition (wet plus dry). Net throughfall ﬂuxes pointed to higher dry deposition onto the canopies in the more exposed site, but the occurrence of uptake impeached quantiﬁcation. Therefore, dry deposition was estimated from the recovered quantities from experimental washings of foliage, taken to represent the impaction of small particles onto the canopy. The foliage-wash ﬂuxes were, for Zn, Cu and Pb, respectively, 407, 25 and 16 g ha 1 yr 1 at the sheltered site and 423, 38 and 26 g ha 1 yr 1 at the exposed site. Deposition in bulkprecipitation (wet deposition+an unknown fraction of dry deposition mostly accounted by coarse particles settling gravitationally) was lower: 222, 6.3 and 6.5 g ha 1 yr 1 for Zn, Cu and Pb, respectively, averaged for the two sites</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Anselm</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trace metal fluxes in bulk deposition, throughfall and stemflow at two evergreen oak stands in NE Spain subject to different exposure to the industrial environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dry deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">surrogate surfaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trace metals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171-180</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We compare here the bulkdeposition, throughfall and stemﬂow ﬂuxes of dissolved trace metals in two holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forests in the Montseny Mountains (NE Spain) with the aim of: (1) applying different methods to distinguish between dry deposition and canopy leaching and (2) to add to the almost non-existing deposition measurements for dissolved Cu, Pb, Mn, V, Zn, Ni and Cd in two Spanish forests differentially exposed to the urban and industrial environment. No signiﬁcant differences in mean bulkdeposition concentrations or ﬂuxes were found between sites, indicating little differential effect of the urban/industrial environment on bulkprecipitation chemistry. At both sites, throughfall and stemﬂow ﬂuxes increased relative to bulkdeposition for all elements, except for Zn and Cd. The relative contribution of leaching and dry deposition was evaluated through: (1) the seasonal variability of throughfall, (2) regressions of element ﬂuxes on water ﬂux in net throughfall, (3) washing branches and metacrylate plates, and (4) the sequential washing of branches. Results indicated that leaching was the main enrichment process for Mn. For Ni, except the sequential washings, all other evidences also pointed to leaching. For Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and V there was ample evidence for dry deposition. The fact that Zn and Cd had negative net throughfall ﬂuxes indicated that canopy uptake was greater than deposition (wet plus dry). Net throughfall ﬂuxes pointed to higher dry deposition onto the canopies in the more exposed site, but the occurrence of uptake impeached quantiﬁcation. Therefore, dry deposition was estimated from the recovered quantities from experimental washings of foliage, taken to represent the impaction of small particles onto the canopy. The foliage-wash ﬂuxes were, for Zn, Cu and Pb, respectively, 407, 25 and 16 g ha 1 yr 1 at the sheltered site and 423, 38 and 26 g ha 1 yr 1 at the exposed site. Deposition in bulkprecipitation (wet deposition+an unknown fraction of dry deposition mostly accounted by coarse particles settling gravitationally) was lower: 222, 6.3 and 6.5 g ha 1 yr 1 for Zn, Cu and Pb, respectively, averaged for the two sites</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodà, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The chemistry of precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in two holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forests under a contrasted pollution environment in NE Spain.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Science of the total environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bulk deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dry deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N uptake</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">305</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195-205</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3493581297</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric deposition was studied through measurements of bulk deposition, throughfall and stemflow at two sites of contrasted exposure to pollution in the Montseny mountains (Northeastern Spain). To explore the contribution of local or distant sources at both sites, concentration data and precipitation amounts (log transformed) for both bulk deposition and net throughfall were fitted by linear regression. These models indicated the more important contribution of washout scavenging processes and dry deposition at the pollution exposed site. This is relevant in the context of Mediterranean holm oak forests: up to now, most of the studies have been conducted in protected remote sites and were little representative of the fluxes in forests close to industrial activity, traffic, agriculture and residential areas.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12670768</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roda, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The chemistry of precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in two holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forests under a contrasted pollution environment in NE Spain.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Science of the total environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bulk deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dry deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N uptake</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12670768</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">305</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195 - 205</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3493581297</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric deposition was studied through measurements of bulk deposition, throughfall and stemflow at two sites of contrasted exposure to pollution in the Montseny mountains (Northeastern Spain). To explore the contribution of local or distant sources at both sites, concentration data and precipitation amounts (log transformed) for both bulk deposition and net throughfall were fitted by linear regression. These models indicated the more important contribution of washout scavenging processes and dry deposition at the pollution exposed site. This is relevant in the context of Mediterranean holm oak forests: up to now, most of the studies have been conducted in protected remote sites and were little representative of the fluxes in forests close to industrial activity, traffic, agriculture and residential areas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 12670768</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Anselm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodà, Ferran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen circulation in a Mediterranean holm oak forest, La Castanya, Montseny, northeastern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrology and Earth System …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ammonium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bulk deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dry deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">la castanya</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montseny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">551-558</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulk deposition, wet-only deposition, throughfall and dry deposition inferred from washing foliage and surrogate surfaces were used to describe inorganic N inputs to a forested catchment in the Montseny Mountains (La Castanya, Catalonia, Spain). Bulk inputs of inorganic N were moderate, with a mean of 5.7 kg N ha -1 yr -1 , ranging between 4 and 10 kg N ha -1 yr -1 for the period 1983 to 2000. Dry deposition fluxes estimated from washing branches added about 9 kg N ha -1 yr -1 to wet inputs and the total atmospheric deposition was estimated in 15 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . Despite this substantial input flux, nearly all the inorganic nitrogen was retained within the forest ecosystem: NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations decreased dramatically as water crossed the canopy and the soil profile. In the stream, at baseflow conditions, NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations were always below the analytical detection limit (&lt; 2 µeq L -1 ). Only briefly during peak flows did NO3 - concentrations increase up to 100 µeq L -1 . Averaged over 10 years (1984-1994), the export of N at the catchment outlet was 0.05 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . This indicates a very tight N cycling allowing for an increase of N availability in these undisturbed forest ecosystems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Anselm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodà, Ferran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen circulation in a Mediterranean holm oak forest, La Castanya, Montseny, northeastern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrology and Earth System …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ammonium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bulk deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dry deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">la castanya</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montseny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00305215/</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">551 - 558</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulk deposition, wet-only deposition, throughfall and dry deposition inferred from washing foliage and surrogate surfaces were used to describe inorganic N inputs to a forested catchment in the Montseny Mountains (La Castanya, Catalonia, Spain). Bulk inputs of inorganic N were moderate, with a mean of 5.7 kg N ha -1 yr -1 , ranging between 4 and 10 kg N ha -1 yr -1 for the period 1983 to 2000. Dry deposition fluxes estimated from washing branches added about 9 kg N ha -1 yr -1 to wet inputs and the total atmospheric deposition was estimated in 15 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . Despite this substantial input flux, nearly all the inorganic nitrogen was retained within the forest ecosystem: NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations decreased dramatically as water crossed the canopy and the soil profile. In the stream, at baseflow conditions, NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations were always below the analytical detection limit (&lt; 2 µeq L -1 ). Only briefly during peak flows did NO3 - concentrations increase up to 100 µeq L -1 . Averaged over 10 years (1984-1994), the export of N at the catchment outlet was 0.05 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . This indicates a very tight N cycling allowing for an increase of N availability in these undisturbed forest ecosystems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Bolea, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metal contents in Parmelia caperata(L.) Ach. compared to bulk deposition, throughfall and leaf-wash fluxes in two holm oak forests in Montseny (NE Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atmospheric deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bulk deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">parmelia caperata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trace metal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231098001678</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">359 - 367</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The metal concentrations of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb were analysed in distilled water extracts of Parmelia caperata and in bulk deposition, throughfall and an experimental in situ washing of leaves at two forests at Montseny (NE Spain) submitted to di¤erential exposure to the industrial and tra¦c activities around Barcelona. Lichen concentra- tions of Zn, Cu, V, and Cd were higher at the site of greater exposure to pollutants. Consistently, there was higher dry deposition of these metals at the more exposed site. The order of abundance of trace metals in the lichen was similar to that in the deposition variables, although Pb and Cu had intermediate concentrations in the lichen but were very low in the deposition measurements. This indicated the higher a¦nity of Pb and Cu for the exchange sites in the lichen cell wall and the fact that lichens accumulated Pb for the last 12Ð18 y when emissions were much higher than today. The ability of Parmelia caperata to indicate the deposition of heavy metals, together with its easy sampling and handling, its broad distribution and its easy identiÞcation suggest that the lichen extract procedure described here could be used to establish gradients of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals at a general geographic level</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Bolea, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metal contents in Parmelia caperata(L.) Ach. compared to bulk deposition, throughfall and leaf-wash fluxes in two holm oak forests in Montseny (NE Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atmospheric deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bulk deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">parmelia caperata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trace metal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">359-367</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The metal concentrations of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb were analysed in distilled water extracts of Parmelia caperata and in bulk deposition, throughfall and an experimental in situ washing of leaves at two forests at Montseny (NE Spain) submitted to di¤erential exposure to the industrial and tra¦c activities around Barcelona. Lichen concentra- tions of Zn, Cu, V, and Cd were higher at the site of greater exposure to pollutants. Consistently, there was higher dry deposition of these metals at the more exposed site. The order of abundance of trace metals in the lichen was similar to that in the deposition variables, although Pb and Cu had intermediate concentrations in the lichen but were very low in the deposition measurements. This indicated the higher a¦nity of Pb and Cu for the exchange sites in the lichen cell wall and the fact that lichens accumulated Pb for the last 12Ð18 y when emissions were much higher than today. The ability of Parmelia caperata to indicate the deposition of heavy metals, together with its easy sampling and handling, its broad distribution and its easy identiÞcation suggest that the lichen extract procedure described here could be used to establish gradients of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals at a general geographic level</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellot, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escarre, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stemflow and throughfall determination in a resprouted Mediterranean holm-oak forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stemflow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">847-865</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stemflow, throughfall and precipitation data were collected for 30 consecutive months in a holm-oak forest dominated by Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo and Phyllirea media. These flux data were obtained from 50 randomly distributed no-roving throughfall collectors and 20 stemflow measuring devices (ten on Q. ilex and five on each of the other species). The stemllow was highly influenced by tree size and amount of rainfall, showing a significant correlation for each tree. Throughfall results showed a high spatial variability for each storm, with a significant independence of collectors. At forest scale, stemflow and throughfall represented 12.1 and 75 % of precipitation, respectively, and interception was estimated as 12.9 % of precipitation. Partitioning of rainfall between stemflow and throughfall created a high spatial heterogeneity of water distribution under the canopy. Stemflow increased more than 30 times the mean amount of water received per unit soil area around tree trunks. Finally, the effect of a change in the amount of precipitation according to a regional scenario was analyzed. It was shown that the increase in high rainfall events rather than small events increased the stemflow percentage.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellot, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escarre, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stemflow and throughfall determination in a resprouted Mediterranean holm-oak forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stemflow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19980708</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">847 - 865</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stemflow, throughfall and precipitation data were collected for 30 consecutive months in a holm-oak forest dominated by Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo and Phyllirea media. These flux data were obtained from 50 randomly distributed no-roving throughfall collectors and 20 stemflow measuring devices (ten on Q. ilex and five on each of the other species). The stemllow was highly influenced by tree size and amount of rainfall, showing a significant correlation for each tree. Throughfall results showed a high spatial variability for each storm, with a significant independence of collectors. At forest scale, stemflow and throughfall represented 12.1 and 75 % of precipitation, respectively, and interception was estimated as 12.9 % of precipitation. Partitioning of rainfall between stemflow and throughfall created a high spatial heterogeneity of water distribution under the canopy. Stemflow increased more than 30 times the mean amount of water received per unit soil area around tree trunks. Finally, the effect of a change in the amount of precipitation according to a regional scenario was analyzed. It was shown that the increase in high rainfall events rather than small events increased the stemflow percentage.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellot, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escarré, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical characteristics and temporal variations of nutrients in throughfall and stemflow of three species in Mediterranean holm oak forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bulk deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrients (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stemflow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/037811279190123D</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">125 - 135</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study on chemistry of throughfall and stemflow of three dominant species in a Spanish holm oak forest few significant differences were detected in the ion concentrations between Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo and Phillyrea media. Comparison of annual average concentration of throughfall, stemflow and bulk deposition indicated nitrate and hydrogen uptake by the plants. At the same time, the data show the importance of precipitation as a source of nutrients.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1–2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellot, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escarre, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical characteristics and temporal variations of nutrients in throughfall and stemflow of three species in Mediterranean holm oak forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bulk deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrients (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stemflow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">125-135</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study on chemistry of throughfall and stemflow of three dominant species in a Spanish holm oak forest few significant differences were detected in the ion concentrations between Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo and Phillyrea media. Comparison of annual average concentration of throughfall, stemflow and bulk deposition indicated nitrate and hydrogen uptake by the plants. At the same time, the data show the importance of precipitation as a source of nutrients.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodà, Ferran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonilla, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodà, Ferran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precipitation, throughfall, soil solution and streamwater chemistry in a holm-oak (Quercus ilex) forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Hydrology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montseny mountains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precipitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil solution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stream water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167-183</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulk precipitation, throughfall, soil solution at 20 and 40 cm depths, and stream water were monitored for 2–4 years in a holm-oak forest on schists in the Montseny Mountains (NE Spain). Bulk precipitation was mildly acidic, with Ca2+ and SO2−4 as dominant ions. Canopy interactions produced a throughfall less acidic than bulk precipitation and enriched in all other ions. Large amounts of K+ were leached from the canopy. Magnesium in net throughfall behaved similarly to K+, and it is concluded that leaching makes a major contribution to Mg2+ enrichment beneath the canopy. Judging from the moderate increase of Na+ and Ca2+ in throughfall, dry deposition rates for both marine and continental aerosols were low in the studied stand, probably because of its sheltered topographic position within a well-vegetated massif, coupled with moderate tree height and low canopy roughness. Soil solution in the mineral soil was less acidic than throughfall. In common with most temperate forests, SO2−4 was the dominant mobile anion in the soil water, being largely accompanied by Ca2+. Potassium and NO−3 were depleted within the soil water with respect to throughfall, probably owing to biological uptake and cation exchange, and incorporation of K+ into clay lattices. Subsurface flow dominated the hydrology of the small forested catchment studied. Stream water was basic and rich in bicarbonate. Its chemistry revealed fast rates of weathering of sodium- and magnesium-bearing silicates (mainly albite and chlorite, respectively). Soil respiration and silicate hydrolysis resulted in HCO−3 being the dominant mobile anion in stream water. Calcium to chloride ratios were similar in bulk precipitation and in stream water, indicating that Ca2+ release from weathering has been counteracted by plant uptake. Nutrient uptake by this aggrading forest strongly influences the solution dynamics of K+, NO3 and Ca2+. It is concluded that: (1) this forest does not currently receive acidic atmospheric deposition; (2) the neutralization capacity of the soil-bedrock system is quite high; (3) biotic regulation and silicate weathering are the major processes shaping the solution biogeochemistry in this Mediterranean forest ecosystem.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>