<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiva, María José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mancilla-Leyton, Juan Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martín-Vicente, Ángel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods to improve the recruitment of holm-oak seedlings in grazed Mediterranean savanna-like ecosystems (dehesas)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nurse plant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosynthetically active radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling emergence timing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling longevity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer drip-irrigation of seedlings</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&amp; Context “Dehesas” are savanna-like ecosystems of human origin that extend broadly in the Mediterranean area of the Iberian Peninsula. They consist of scattered oaks (mainly Quercus ilex subsp. ballota L. holm-oak), an annual grassland layer and interspersed shrubs. These ecosystems, used for grazing and wild game, support high plant and animal biodiversity and provide important environmental services. At present, Mediterranean “dehesas” are endangered by the lack of oak regeneration. &amp; Aims This paper analyses the efficiency of: (1) using shrubs as nurse plants; (2) drip irrigation of seedlings during summer; and (3) a combination of the two methods for the restoration of a “dehesa” in a mid-mountain Mediterranean area of southern Spain. &amp; Methods Different techniques were tested to improve the recruitment of holm-oak seedling during a 3-year field experiment: (1) acorn plantation in open spaces, irrigating seedlings during the first dry season; (2) acorn plantation beneath the canopy of Myrtus communis L. and (3) both methods combined. &amp; Results There was a large facilitative effect of myrtle for the recruitment of holm-oak seedlings, regardless of the supply of irrigation. This effect was associated with a large decrease in air temperature and photosynthetically active radiation beneath myrtle canopies. By contrast, summer irrigation of seedlings planted in open spaces did not improve seedling survival after 3 years despite a small and transient positive effect on seedling survival during the 1st year. &amp; Conclusion The use of evergreen shrubs, such as myrtle, as nurse plants may be considered to restore “dehesas” instead of expensive seedling irrigation techniques. Several studies have promoted abandoning grazing to increase holm oak selfregeneration in “dehesas”. However, creating closed patches of naturally occurring evergreen shrubs could provide suitable sites for oak planting when necessary, thus enhancing seedling recruitment without damaging the environmental and economic value of these ecosystems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiva, María José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mancilla-Leyton, Juan Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martín-Vicente, Ángel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods to improve the recruitment of holm-oak seedlings in grazed Mediterranean savanna-like ecosystems (dehesas)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nurse plant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosynthetically active radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling emergence timing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling longevity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer drip-irrigation of seedlings</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s13595-012-0225-0</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&amp; Context “Dehesas” are savanna-like ecosystems of human origin that extend broadly in the Mediterranean area of the Iberian Peninsula. They consist of scattered oaks (mainly Quercus ilex subsp. ballota L. holm-oak), an annual grassland layer and interspersed shrubs. These ecosystems, used for grazing and wild game, support high plant and animal biodiversity and provide important environmental services. At present, Mediterranean “dehesas” are endangered by the lack of oak regeneration. &amp; Aims This paper analyses the efficiency of: (1) using shrubs as nurse plants; (2) drip irrigation of seedlings during summer; and (3) a combination of the two methods for the restoration of a “dehesa” in a mid-mountain Mediterranean area of southern Spain. &amp; Methods Different techniques were tested to improve the recruitment of holm-oak seedling during a 3-year field experiment: (1) acorn plantation in open spaces, irrigating seedlings during the first dry season; (2) acorn plantation beneath the canopy of Myrtus communis L. and (3) both methods combined. &amp; Results There was a large facilitative effect of myrtle for the recruitment of holm-oak seedlings, regardless of the supply of irrigation. This effect was associated with a large decrease in air temperature and photosynthetically active radiation beneath myrtle canopies. By contrast, summer irrigation of seedlings planted in open spaces did not improve seedling survival after 3 years despite a small and transient positive effect on seedling survival during the 1st year. &amp; Conclusion The use of evergreen shrubs, such as myrtle, as nurse plants may be considered to restore “dehesas” instead of expensive seedling irrigation techniques. Several studies have promoted abandoning grazing to increase holm oak selfregeneration in “dehesas”. However, creating closed patches of naturally occurring evergreen shrubs could provide suitable sites for oak planting when necessary, thus enhancing seedling recruitment without damaging the environmental and economic value of these ecosystems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davi, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbaroux, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dufrêne, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">François, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montpied, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bréda, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badeck, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling leaf mass per area in forest canopy as affected by prevailing radiation conditions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagus sylvatica L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf mass per area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosynthetically active radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">211</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339-349</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf mass per area (LMA) is a key leaf trait, which conditions the assessment of carbon balance and the adaptation of the species to their environment. LMA decreases exponentially within the canopy at a lower rate coefﬁcient (kLMA) than the extinction coefﬁcient (kPAR) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); consequently the canopy is not fully optimized for the carbon balance. A new algorithm to simulate LMA in forest canopies is developed. The algorithm is based on a relationship between LMA of leaves at a given canopy depth and PAR, that they absorb, during leaf growth. The LMA sub-model is then tested against independent experimental data to demonstrate its validity to assess (i) the LMA vertical distribution inside the canopy, (ii) its evolution during the season and (iii) the variability observed between sites, years and species. Then, the LMA sub-model is coupled with a process-based model simulating carbon, water and energy balances in forest ecosystem. The coupled model is applied to a sensitive analysis for a case study in a beech forest.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davi, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbaroux, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dufrêne, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">François, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montpied, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bréda, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badeck, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling leaf mass per area in forest canopy as affected by prevailing radiation conditions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagus sylvatica L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf mass per area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosynthetically active radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304380007004772</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">211</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339 - 349</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf mass per area (LMA) is a key leaf trait, which conditions the assessment of carbon balance and the adaptation of the species to their environment. LMA decreases exponentially within the canopy at a lower rate coefﬁcient (kLMA) than the extinction coefﬁcient (kPAR) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); consequently the canopy is not fully optimized for the carbon balance. A new algorithm to simulate LMA in forest canopies is developed. The algorithm is based on a relationship between LMA of leaves at a given canopy depth and PAR, that they absorb, during leaf growth. The LMA sub-model is then tested against independent experimental data to demonstrate its validity to assess (i) the LMA vertical distribution inside the canopy, (ii) its evolution during the season and (iii) the variability observed between sites, years and species. Then, the LMA sub-model is coupled with a process-based model simulating carbon, water and energy balances in forest ecosystem. The coupled model is applied to a sensitive analysis for a case study in a beech forest.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></issue></record></records></xml>