<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madrigal-González, Jaime</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Rodríguez, José a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zavala, Miguel A.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pugnaire, Francisco</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub encroachment shifts the bioclimatic limit between marcescent and sclerophyllous oaks along an elevation gradient in west-central Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioclimatic limit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elevation gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub encroachment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species distribution</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">514-524</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questions (1) Does shrub encroachment affect the regeneration of two contrasting species of oak along an elevation gradient in the west-central Iberian Peninsula? (2) Do different nurse shrubs have any relevant species-specific effects along the gradient? (3) Does shrub encroachment affect the location of the bioclimatic limit between these two oak species along the elevation gradient? Location Twelve sites distributed from the Arribes del Duero plains to the Sistema Central mountains (Salamanca province, Spain). Methods We measured the regeneration of two contrasting oak tree species (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota Samp - sclerophyllous, Q.pyrenaica Willd - marcescent) as the relative percentage cover of seedlings and saplings (&lt;1.3-m high) in plots 10m in diameter distributed in stands of different age. We fixed the bioclimatic limit at 50% relative proportion of species in each plot, i.e. whether one species was more abundant than the other in a plot. Shrub stand age was estimated by counting growth rings in the principal stems of the oldest shrubs in a plot. We fitted generalized linear mixed models to analyse the effects of elevation, specific nurse shrub and shrub stand age on regeneration and the probability of one species being more abundant than the other. Results The regeneration and relative proportion of Q.ilex (sclerophyllous) decreased with elevation. Regeneration did not vary with shrub encroachment, although the relative proportion increased notably in the youngest stands. In turn, regeneration and relative proportion of Q.pyrenaica (deciduous) significantly increased towards the upper sites and mature shrub stands. We found no evidence of specific nurse shrub effects on regeneration or the probability of one species being more abundant than the other in either of the two species of oak. Conclusions The bioclimatic limit between the two contrasting species of oak shifted with shrub stand age along the elevation gradient. Land practices preventing shrub encroachment can thus indirectly shift this limit towards higher elevations. The effects of shrubs may be critical in resolving the climatic and land-use effects on elevation shifts of species under changing conditions in bioclimatic transitions.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granda, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escudero, Adrián</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de la Cruz, Marcelino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Fernando</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pillar, Valerio</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juvenile–adult tree associations in a continental Mediterranean ecosystem: no evidence for sustained and general facilitation at increased aridity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">faginea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juniperus thurifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">patterns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus nigra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus faginea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial patterns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stress-gradient hypothesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water availability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01343.xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01343.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164 - 175</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Question How do tree species identity, microhabitat and water availability affect inter- and intra-specific interactions between juvenile and adult woody plants? Location Continental Mediterranean forests in Alto Tajo Natural Park, Guadalajara, Spain. Methods A total of 2066 juveniles and adults of four co-occurring tree species were mapped in 17 plots. The frequency of juveniles at different microhabitats and water availability levels was analysed using log-linear models. We used nearest-neighbour contingency table analysis of spatial segregation and J-functions to describe the spatial patterns. Results We found a complex spatial pattern that varied according to species identity and microhabitat. Recruitment was more frequent in gaps for Quercus ilex, while the other three species recruited preferentially under shrubs or trees depending on the water availability level. Juveniles were not spatially associated to conspecific adults, experiencing segregation from them in many cases. Spatial associations, both positive and negative, were more common at higher water availability levels. Conclusions Our results do not agree with expectations from the stress-gradient hypothesis, suggesting that positive interactions do not increase in importance with increasing aridity in the study ecosystem. Regeneration patterns are species-specific and depend on microhabitat characteristics and dispersal strategies. In general, juveniles do not look for conspecific adult protection. This work contributes to the understanding of species co-existence, proving the importance of considering a multispecies approach at several plots to overcome limitations of simple pair-wise comparisons in a limited number of sites.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canteiro, Cátia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto-Cruz, Carla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simões, M. Paula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gazarini, Luíz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation of Mediterranean oak woodlands: understorey dynamics under different shrub management</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agroecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cistus salviifolius</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shrub clearing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10457-011-9375-6</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161 - 171</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of experimental disturbances on the dynamics of a shrub community was studied on a ‘Montado’ ecosystem, in southern Portugal. The evolution of the community physiognomy, composition and diversity were monitored after shrub clearing followed by biomass removal, deposition on soil surface and incorporation with the soil, over a 9-year period. Maximum shrub density was recorded in the ﬁrst year after the disturbances, excepting in mulched plots which showed the greatest number of individuals 1 year later. The increment of shrub leaf biomass was very fast in the ﬁrst 3 years, whereas wood production was slower but occurred along the whole study period. At the end of the study, leaf and wood biomass was still signiﬁcantly lower than in the predisturbance situation. The variation pattern of leaf area index was similar to that of leaf biomass. The evolution of total plant cover and diversity was similar across treatments. The highest species richness and diversity were recorded 2 years after cutting, decreasing afterwards with the increasing dominance of shrubs. Thus it seems likely that, although a 9 year period is too short for these communities to reach steady equilibrium, they are very resistant and resilient to disturbances, as regeneration was fast and vegetation dynamics was not inﬂuenced by differences among treatments. We can conclude that shrub clearing promotes biodiversity and the time of permanence of shrub patches depends on the particular goal we want to achieve.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boussaidi, Naceur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ncibi, Rabeh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasnaoui, Ibrahim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gammar, Zeineb Ghrabi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impacts of orographical and anthropic factors on the natural regeneration of Cork Oak (Quercus suber) in Kroumiria, Tunisia.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REVUE D ECOLOGIE-LA TERRE ET LA VIE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anthropogenic factor (citation)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tunisia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">235 - 242</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impacts of orographical and anthropic factors on the natural regeneration of Cork Oak (Quercus suber) in Kroumiria, Tunisia. Cork Oak occupies a particular place within the Mediterranean forest. In Tunisia, it is rather well represented in Kroumiria (70 000 ha), particularly in the areas of Ain Braham and Tabarka. Confined to acid environments with moderate climate, it plays a very important ecological role, supporting a rather diversified floristic and faunal assemblage. In the same way it plays a considerable socio-economic role in the life of the rural population of the area and largely contributes to the national economy through production and export of cork. Enduring a very strong anthropic pressure and an important degradation of the environment, with the direct effect of the climatic change, Cork Oak forests are unable to regenerate naturally. Thus, and according to the results of the present study, it appears that the further away the Cork Oak settlements are from human population, the more opportunities there are to find young seedlings resulting from regeneration and vice-versa. It is the same for the orographical (slope, exposure and altitude) and coverage factors which can directly or indirectly induce Cork Oak natural regeneration.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 57 RUE CUVIER, 75005 PARIS 5, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Otto, Rüdiger</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krüsi, Bertil O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delgado, Juan D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Palacios, José María</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Del-Rey, Eduardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arévalo, José Ramón</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration niche of the Canarian juniper: the role of adults, shrubs and environmental conditions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canary Islands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GLM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">juniperus turbinata ssp canariensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microhabitat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?id=doi:10.1051/forest/2010034</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">• Canarian Juniper woodlands, now very scarce, are rich in endemic and endangered plants. However, many aspects of juniper regeneration are almost unknown. • This paper relates occurrence and abundance of recruits of Juniperus turbinata ssp. canariensis to (1) small-scale soil characteristics; (2) vegetation cover; and (3) distance to conspeciﬁc adults in two contrasting juniper stands in the eastern mountains of Tenerife. We used non-parametric classiﬁcation trees and generalised linear models (GLM) to evaluate the eﬀect and importance of each explanatory variable on the occurrence of juniper saplings. • Sapling density, vitality and growth rate, as well as fruit production by adult trees, but neither cone density on the ground nor sapling size, varied signiﬁcantly with respect to slope orientation, representing environmental stress. Within each stand, distance to nearest adult tree was the most important variable explaining the spatial distribution of juniper saplings and availability of seeds in cones. Additionally, saplings were positively associated with shrub cover at the microsite-level, but not with spiny shrub cover. Soil depth and rock cover had a weak negative eﬀect on sapling establishment, but only at the south-facing site and in the open space microhabitat. • Results suggest that recruitment of Canarian juniper is facilitated by microhabitats oﬀered by adults and shrubs. The key factors aﬀecting recruitment are thought to be (1) favourable microenvironmental conditions and (2) high ambient seed availability. Browsing intensity in recent decades was very low. The presence of spiny shrubs did not favour juniper establishment. Facilitation therefore appears to result from amelioration of abiotic conditions rather than from protection against herbivory.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Aparicio, LORENA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zavala, Miguel A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonet, Francisco J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, Regino</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Are pine plantations valid tools for restoring Mediterranean forests? An assessment along abiotic and biotic gradients</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental gradients</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pine plantations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed dispersal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">species diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stand density</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2124 - 2141</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ecological impacts of forest plantations are a focus of intense debate, from studies that consider plantations as ``biological deserts{''} to studies showing positive effects on plant diversity and dynamics. This lack of consensus might be influenced by the scarcity of studies that examine how the ecological characteristics of plantations vary along abiotic and biotic gradients. Here we conducted a large-scale assessment of plant regeneration and diversity in plantations of southern Spain. Tree seedling and sapling density, plant species richness, and Shannon's (H') diversity index were analyzed in 442 pine plantation plots covering a wide gradient of climatic conditions, stand density, and distance to natural forests that act as seed sources. Pronounced variation in regeneration and diversity was found in plantation understories along the gradients explored. Low-to mid-altitude plantations showed a diverse and abundant seedling bank dominated by Quercus ilex, whereas high-altitude plantations showed a virtually monospecific seeding bank of Pinus sylvestris. Regeneration was null in plantations with stand densities exceeding 1500 pines/ha. Moderate plantation densities (500-1000 pines/ha) promoted recruitment in comparison to low or null canopy cover, suggesting the existence of facilitative interactions. Quercus ilex recruitment diminished exponentially with distance to the nearest Q. ilex forest. Richness and H' index values showed a hump-shaped distribution along the altitudinal and radiation gradients and decreased monotonically along the stand density gradient. From a management perspective, different strategies will be necessary depending on where a plantation lies along the gradients explored. Active management will be required in high-density plantations with arrested succession and low diversity. Thinning could redirect plantations toward more natural densities where facilitation predominates. Passive management might be recommended for low-to moderate-density plantations with active successional dynamics (e. g., toward oak or pine-oak forests at low to mid altitudes). Enrichment planting will be required to overcome seed limitation, especially in plantations far from natural forests. We conclude that plantations should be perceived as dynamic systems where successional trajectories and diversity levels are determined by abiotic constraints, complex balances of competitive and facilitative interactions, the spatial configuration of native seed sources, and species life-history traits.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Aparicio, LORENA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zavala, MIGUEL a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonet, Francisco J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, Regino</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Are pine plantations valid tools for restoring Mediterranean forests? An assessment along abiotic and biotic gradients</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental gradients</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pine plantations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed dispersal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">species diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stand density</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2124-2141</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ecological impacts of forest plantations are a focus of intense debate, from studies that consider plantations as ``biological deserts{''} to studies showing positive effects on plant diversity and dynamics. This lack of consensus might be influenced by the scarcity of studies that examine how the ecological characteristics of plantations vary along abiotic and biotic gradients. Here we conducted a large-scale assessment of plant regeneration and diversity in plantations of southern Spain. Tree seedling and sapling density, plant species richness, and Shannon's (H') diversity index were analyzed in 442 pine plantation plots covering a wide gradient of climatic conditions, stand density, and distance to natural forests that act as seed sources. Pronounced variation in regeneration and diversity was found in plantation understories along the gradients explored. Low-to mid-altitude plantations showed a diverse and abundant seedling bank dominated by Quercus ilex, whereas high-altitude plantations showed a virtually monospecific seeding bank of Pinus sylvestris. Regeneration was null in plantations with stand densities exceeding 1500 pines/ha. Moderate plantation densities (500-1000 pines/ha) promoted recruitment in comparison to low or null canopy cover, suggesting the existence of facilitative interactions. Quercus ilex recruitment diminished exponentially with distance to the nearest Q. ilex forest. Richness and H' index values showed a hump-shaped distribution along the altitudinal and radiation gradients and decreased monotonically along the stand density gradient. From a management perspective, different strategies will be necessary depending on where a plantation lies along the gradients explored. Active management will be required in high-density plantations with arrested succession and low diversity. Thinning could redirect plantations toward more natural densities where facilitation predominates. Passive management might be recommended for low-to moderate-density plantations with active successional dynamics (e. g., toward oak or pine-oak forests at low to mid altitudes). Enrichment planting will be required to overcome seed limitation, especially in plantations far from natural forests. We conclude that plantations should be perceived as dynamic systems where successional trajectories and diversity levels are determined by abiotic constraints, complex balances of competitive and facilitative interactions, the spatial configuration of native seed sources, and species life-history traits.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hracherrass, Ahmed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berkat, Omar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Montard, Francois-Xavier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implications of sheep and cattle Teline linifolia bush ingestion behaviour for managing the Maamora cork tree forest (Morocco)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAHIERS AGRICULTURES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feeding preferences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvopastoral systems</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The cork tree forest of Maamora near Rabat (Maroc) has suffered deep and increasing grazing pressure for 100 years. Dense understorey stands of Teline linifolia, a native, nitrogen fixing and vigorous legume shrub, would contribute to forest regeneration provided that it be proven to be a resource for sheep and cattle grazing. Autumn is a period with lower resources of grass and with no nitrogen fixing shrubs. In situ monthly measurements of sheep and cattle ingestion rates show a significant contribution of T. linifolia in both sheep (up to 24%) and cattle (up to 12%) total ingestion rates in autumn, due to its peculiar phenology along with the inadequacy of grass and other shrub resources at this time. The opportunity of planting Teline shrubs in the process of cork tree forest regeneration along with multi-purpose uses is described and discussed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Aparicio, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PÉREZ-RAMOS, I. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendoza, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matías, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quero, J. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARAÑON, T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak seedling survival and growth along resource gradients in Mediterranean forests: implications for regeneration in current and future environmental scenarios</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oikos</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">abiotic factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">growth (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling survival</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil conditions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer drought</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1683-1699</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding seedling performance across resource gradients is crucial for defining the regeneration niche of plant species under current environmental conditions and for predicting potential changes under a global change scenario. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to determine how seedling survival and growth of two evergreen and two deciduous Quercus species vary along gradients of light and soil properties in two Mediterranean forests with contrasting soils and climatic conditions. Half the seedlings were subjected to an irrigation treatment during the first year to quantify the effects on performance of an alteration in the summer drought intensity. Linear and non-linear models were parameterized and compared to identify major resources controlling seedling performance. We found both site-specific and general patterns of regeneration. Strong site-specificity was found in the identity of the best predictors of seedling survival: survival decreased linearly with increasing light (i.e. increasing desiccation risk) in the drier site, whereas it decreased logistically with increasing spring soil water content (i.e. increasing waterlogging risk) in the wetter site. We found strong empirical support for multiple resource limitation at the drier site, the response to light being modulated by the availability of soil resources (water and P). Evidence for regeneration niche partitioning among Quercus species was only found at the wetter site. However, at both sites Quercus species shared the same response to summer drought alleviation through water addition: increased first-year survival but not final survival (i.e. after two years). This suggests that extremely dry summers (i.e. the second summer in the experiment) can cancel out the positive effects of previous wetter summers. Therefore, an increase in the intensity and frequency of summer drought with climate change might cause a double negative impact on Quercus regeneration, due to a general reduction in survival probability and the annulment of the positive effects of (infrequent) ‘wet’ years. Overall, results presented in this study are a major step towards the development of a mechanistic model of Mediterranean forest dynamics that incorporates the idiosyncrasies and generalities of tree regeneration in these systems, and that allow simulation and prediction of the ecological consequences of resource level alterations due to global change.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La Marca, O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marziliano, P A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scopigno, D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opzioni selvicolturali su cedui di leccio del Gargano: risultati a 14 anni dall'avvio della sperimentazione</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conversion To High Forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coppice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Standard Density</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SISEF - Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(1) Dipartimento di Scienze Tecnologie Ambientali e Forestali (DISTAF), Universit� degli Studi di Firenze, v. San Bonaventura 13, I-50145 Firenze (Italy); (2) Dipartimento di Gestione dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali (GESAF), Universit� Mediterranea di </style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">318-336</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the frame of a long-term research program concerning management of ageing holm oak coppices, results available after 14 growing seasons are reported in present paper. Experimental treatments include: A) 50 standards per hectare, all of the same age; B) 250 standards per hectare, all of the same age; C) 140 standards per hectare, with two different ages; D) conversion to high forest; E) natural evolution (control). A total of 15 permanent plots were established (5 treatments x 3 replicates per treatment) and the experimental design used is that of randomised blocks. Based on observations concerning seedlings and shoots development and standards growth and competitive effects, the following preliminary results may be highlighted: i) recovering the traditional coppicing system with few standards per hectare represents a valid option from both ecological and shoots growth point of view; the stools, with few standards per hectare, showed a larger number of sprouts, provided with a higher average height and larger diameters; ii) uneven-aged standards represent a good alternative form the points of view of both landscape impact immediately after felling operations and stand resistance to climatic damages; iii) a good alternative is to apply conversion treatments to high forest, whenever their site quality allows these operations.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramírez, José Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of temporal shrub encroachment for the maintenance of Spanish holm oak Quercus ilex dehesas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rotational set-aside</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub cover</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1976-1983</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesas are man-made systems composed by evergreen oaks (Quercus ilex and Quercus suber) scattered over a grassland understorey. They cover about 3.1 million ha in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula and are to be preserved under the EU Habitats Directive due to the high levels of plant and animal diversity they maintain. The main current threat to long-term dehesa farming is a chronic absence of natural tree regeneration.We test whether dehesa abandonment would promote natural regeneration, how size structure of tree populations change after abandonment, and whether shrub encroachment would enhance seedling recruitment by measuring the size structure of mature tree populations, shrub cover and seedling density in 17 dehesa farms of known date of abandonment. Size structures were approximately bell-shaped in farms abandoned less than 16 years ago, progressively approaching afterwards the inverse J-shaped distribution typical from holm oak forests. Proportions of young mature trees changed with age of abandonment according to a logistic growth function. Proportions typical from forests (70–80%) were reached 30 years after abandonment, whereas balanced numbers of young and old trees were reached 20–25 years after abandonment. Short-term seedling recruitment was not related to age of abandonment or to covers of most dominant shrubs and was positively related to cover of mature trees and of Cytisus multiflorus, a nurse shrub for holm oak seedlings. Synthesis and applications: Conservation of dehesas and their associated biodiversity values should be based on financing temporal abandonment of productive dehesa farming for 20 years, keeping land in good agricultural condition by re-opening the encroached plots after tree recruitment (i.e. rotational set-aside). The proposed measure has the additional advantages of easy monitoring and straightforward evaluation of its effectiveness.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramírez, José Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of temporal shrub encroachment for the maintenance of Spanish holm oak Quercus ilex dehesas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rotational set-aside</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub cover</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112707009590</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1976 - 1983</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesas are man-made systems composed by evergreen oaks (Quercus ilex and Quercus suber) scattered over a grassland understorey. They cover about 3.1 million ha in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula and are to be preserved under the EU Habitats Directive due to the high levels of plant and animal diversity they maintain. The main current threat to long-term dehesa farming is a chronic absence of natural tree regeneration.We test whether dehesa abandonment would promote natural regeneration, how size structure of tree populations change after abandonment, and whether shrub encroachment would enhance seedling recruitment by measuring the size structure of mature tree populations, shrub cover and seedling density in 17 dehesa farms of known date of abandonment. Size structures were approximately bell-shaped in farms abandoned less than 16 years ago, progressively approaching afterwards the inverse J-shaped distribution typical from holm oak forests. Proportions of young mature trees changed with age of abandonment according to a logistic growth function. Proportions typical from forests (70–80%) were reached 30 years after abandonment, whereas balanced numbers of young and old trees were reached 20–25 years after abandonment. Short-term seedling recruitment was not related to age of abandonment or to covers of most dominant shrubs and was positively related to cover of mature trees and of Cytisus multiflorus, a nurse shrub for holm oak seedlings. Synthesis and applications: Conservation of dehesas and their associated biodiversity values should be based on financing temporal abandonment of productive dehesa farming for 20 years, keeping land in good agricultural condition by re-opening the encroached plots after tree recruitment (i.e. rotational set-aside). The proposed measure has the additional advantages of easy monitoring and straightforward evaluation of its effectiveness.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pons, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, Juli G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Not only size matters: Acorn selection by the European jay (Garrulus glandarius)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acorn selection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrulus glandarius</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean oak forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mutualism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus coccifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus faginea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">353-360</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A strong selection for acorn characteristics is expected to have evolved in the mutualistic relationship between the European jay (Garrulus glandarius) and the oak (Quercus spp.). Bossema’s pioneer work suggested that jays do not select acorns randomly, but rather they preferentially select some size and species. Preference for some seeds over others may have implications on plant community dynamics by conferring advantages (or disadvantages) on the selected (avoided) seed characteristics. In this paper we test to what extent jays select acorns by species and/or by size and the relation between these two traits in Mediterranean oak species. The experiments consist of a set of ﬁeld tests in which acorns from four different coexisting Mediterranean oak species (Quercus ilex, Quercus faginea, Quercus suber, and Quercus coccifera) were placed in artiﬁcial feeders accessible to wild jays. The acorns were previously measured to control individual acorn characteristics. Using video-recording techniques, we followed jay activity and the fate of each acorn (sequence of acorn selection and method of transport). Q. ilex acorns were preferred over other acorns, and Q. coccifera acorns were avoided when other acorns were available. Preference for Q. faginea and Q. suber acorns was intermediate, that is, they were preferred over Q. coccifera acorns but not over Q. ilex acorns. Large acorns were also preferred although acorn species selection was stronger than size selection. Jays selected species and size both by visual means and by using acorn area as an indicator of size. Acorns wider than 17–19 mm were carried in the bill because of throat limitation. Our results conﬁrm Bossema’s study on temperate oaks and extend it to Mediterranean oak species, revealing implications on mixed oak forest dynamics.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pons, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, Juli G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Not only size matters: Acorn selection by the European jay (Garrulus glandarius)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acorn selection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrulus glandarius</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean oak forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mutualism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus coccifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus faginea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1146609X0700015X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">353 - 360</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A strong selection for acorn characteristics is expected to have evolved in the mutualistic relationship between the European jay (Garrulus glandarius) and the oak (Quercus spp.). Bossema’s pioneer work suggested that jays do not select acorns randomly, but rather they preferentially select some size and species. Preference for some seeds over others may have implications on plant community dynamics by conferring advantages (or disadvantages) on the selected (avoided) seed characteristics. In this paper we test to what extent jays select acorns by species and/or by size and the relation between these two traits in Mediterranean oak species. The experiments consist of a set of ﬁeld tests in which acorns from four different coexisting Mediterranean oak species (Quercus ilex, Quercus faginea, Quercus suber, and Quercus coccifera) were placed in artiﬁcial feeders accessible to wild jays. The acorns were previously measured to control individual acorn characteristics. Using video-recording techniques, we followed jay activity and the fate of each acorn (sequence of acorn selection and method of transport). Q. ilex acorns were preferred over other acorns, and Q. coccifera acorns were avoided when other acorns were available. Preference for Q. faginea and Q. suber acorns was intermediate, that is, they were preferred over Q. coccifera acorns but not over Q. ilex acorns. Large acorns were also preferred although acorn species selection was stronger than size selection. Jays selected species and size both by visual means and by using acorn area as an indicator of size. Acorns wider than 17–19 mm were carried in the bill because of throat limitation. Our results conﬁrm Bossema’s study on temperate oaks and extend it to Mediterranean oak species, revealing implications on mixed oak forest dynamics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alloza, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, R.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, W. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, Fausto</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration of burned areas in forest management plans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/1-4020-3760-0_22</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">475 - 488</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildland fire is a major disturbance promoting landscape changes and triggering desertification processes in the Northern Mediterranean basin. Addressing that issue in the long term requires both fire prevention and pot-fire restoration measures. Post-fire restoration should mitigate ecosystem degradation, and improve ecosystem regeneration rate and quality. The impact of wildfires is especially acute in the transition between semi-arid and dry subhumid climates, where dry vegetation fuels facilitate fire spread and water shortage limits post-fire regeneration. In addition, the occurrence of torrential rains produces a high risk of post-fire flash-floods, especially in autumn after summer fires. The major objectives of post-fire restoration are soil and water conservation and increasing ecosystem resistance and resilience in front of fire. Post-fire restoration strategies are defined according to the degradation stage of the ecosystems and the recovery capacity of vegetation. Plant cover regeneration rate highly influence post-fire soil erosion and flooding risk. The abundance of woody resprouters is recognized in eastern Spain as a critical factor to ensure an efficient recovery of plant cover after fire. Post-fire restoration planning is addressed taking into account vegetation fragility to wildfires, together with soil erosion risk and soil moisture availability (physical features). Vegetation fragility is defined both in relation to spontaneous regeneration capacity of plant cover and in relation to the ability of keystone woody species topersist after fire. A synthetic indicator to asses wildland protection and restoration priorities in relation to wildland fires is developed by combining vegetation fragility and physical layers in a GIS. William G. Kepner, Jose L. Rubio, David A. Mouat &amp; Fausto Pedrazzini, eds. Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue, : 475 © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. 475–488.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A …</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alloza, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, R</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, W G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, Fausto</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration of burned areas in forest management plans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">475-488</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildland fire is a major disturbance promoting landscape changes and triggering desertification processes in the Northern Mediterranean basin. Addressing that issue in the long term requires both fire prevention and pot-fire restoration measures. Post-fire restoration should mitigate ecosystem degradation, and improve ecosystem regeneration rate and quality. The impact of wildfires is especially acute in the transition between semi-arid and dry subhumid climates, where dry vegetation fuels facilitate fire spread and water shortage limits post-fire regeneration. In addition, the occurrence of torrential rains produces a high risk of post-fire flash-floods, especially in autumn after summer fires. The major objectives of post-fire restoration are soil and water conservation and increasing ecosystem resistance and resilience in front of fire. Post-fire restoration strategies are defined according to the degradation stage of the ecosystems and the recovery capacity of vegetation. Plant cover regeneration rate highly influence post-fire soil erosion and flooding risk. The abundance of woody resprouters is recognized in eastern Spain as a critical factor to ensure an efficient recovery of plant cover after fire. Post-fire restoration planning is addressed taking into account vegetation fragility to wildfires, together with soil erosion risk and soil moisture availability (physical features). Vegetation fragility is defined both in relation to spontaneous regeneration capacity of plant cover and in relation to the ability of keystone woody species topersist after fire. A synthetic indicator to asses wildland protection and restoration priorities in relation to wildland fires is developed by combining vegetation fragility and physical layers in a GIS. William G. Kepner, Jose L. Rubio, David A. Mouat &amp; Fausto Pedrazzini, eds. Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue, : 475 © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. 475–488.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortés, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangirón, Marta Retana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differences in biomass partitioning, leaf nitrogen content, and water use efficiency (δ13C) result in similar performance of seedlings of two Mediterranean oaks with contrasting leaf habit</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecoscience</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deciduous</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean-type climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerrioides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">447 - 454</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Co-occurrence of winter-deciduous and evergreen oaks is common in some Mediterranean-type climate areas. However, whether these species show an overlap in their regeneration niche is still poorly understood. We explored experimentally the changes in survival, growth, biomass partitioning, leaf nitrogen content, and water use efficiency (δ13C) in seedlings of a deciduous oak (Quercus cerrioides) and an evergreen oak (Quercus ilex) in response to co-variation in light and water availability. Quercus cerrioides exhibited higher root length, root area, leaf nitrogen content, and less negative δ13C, but lower leafiness than Q. ilex. The interaction between species and light in specific leaf area and root–shoot ratio indicated different mechanisms to overcome water stress in the two oaks, with Q. ilex relying on leaf hardening and Q. cerrioides relying on a high root–shoot ratio. However, the two species showed similar survival and growth in most of the light–water gradient. Ecological inference of these results indicates that seedlings of these species have a similar ability to cope with variations in light and water in spite of their contrasting leaf habit. This similar performance suggests a competition for similar micro-sites during establishment, rather than a partitioning of the regeneration niche.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortés, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangirón, Marta Retana, Javier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differences in biomass partitioning, leaf nitrogen content, and water use efficiency (δ13C) result in similar performance of seedlings of two Mediterranean oaks with contrasting leaf habit</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecoscience</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deciduous</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean-type climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerrioides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">447-454</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Co-occurrence of winter-deciduous and evergreen oaks is common in some Mediterranean-type climate areas. However, whether these species show an overlap in their regeneration niche is still poorly understood. We explored experimentally the changes in survival, growth, biomass partitioning, leaf nitrogen content, and water use efficiency (δ13C) in seedlings of a deciduous oak (Quercus cerrioides) and an evergreen oak (Quercus ilex) in response to co-variation in light and water availability. Quercus cerrioides exhibited higher root length, root area, leaf nitrogen content, and less negative δ13C, but lower leafiness than Q. ilex. The interaction between species and light in specific leaf area and root–shoot ratio indicated different mechanisms to overcome water stress in the two oaks, with Q. ilex relying on leaf hardening and Q. cerrioides relying on a high root–shoot ratio. However, the two species showed similar survival and growth in most of the light–water gradient. Ecological inference of these results indicates that seedlings of these species have a similar ability to cope with variations in light and water in spite of their contrasting leaf habit. This similar performance suggests a competition for similar micro-sites during establishment, rather than a partitioning of the regeneration niche.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SERRADA, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAVO, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROIG, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brotación de encinas (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) con edades elevadas. Experiencias en el monte de Riofrío (Segovia)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Invest. Agrar.: Sist. Recur. For. Fuera de Serie</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coppice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">old holm-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shoot of root</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shoot of stump</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sprouting capability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">viability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&amp;btnG=Search&amp;q=intitle:Brotaci?n+en+encinas+(+Quercus+ilex+subsp+.+ballota+)+con+edades+elevadas+.+Experiencias+en+el+monte+de+Riofr?o+(+Segovia+)#0</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127 - 141</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Results from an experiment with the objective of studying the sprouting capability —shoots of stump or root— on aged holm-oak trees are shown in this paper. Site of study is located in Riofrío forest, at 960 m a.s.l. at north facing slope of Guadarrama range (Central mountain range), on deep siliceous soils. After an ecological and dasonomic inventory 24 aged trees were fellen; dbh of fellen trees vary from 22.3 to 73.2 cm and age was estimated to be between 70 and 251 years. Contingence tables and logistic regression were used to test the dependence relationship among trees characteristics and the intensity of subsequent sprouting. One period growth after felling, 13 trees (62%) among the live ones (21) that had been felled present some shoots; after three growth periods, the same portion raised to 81% (17). We found only shoots of stump in 65% of the trees that had sprouted; 12% of trees that have only shoots of root and 23% of the trees with both types of shoots. Neither shoot production nor shoot type —stump or root— seems to be influenced by age.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lloret, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, Romà</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Establishment of co-existing Mediterranean tree species under a varying soil moisture regime</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phillyrea latifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water use efficiency</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02258.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">237 - 244</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We investigated the responses of two co-existing Mediterranean trees with different regeneration strategies (Phillyrea latifolia seedlings and Quercus ilex sprouts) to experimental drought below the forest canopy. We considered different recruitment stages and used leaf isotopic discrimination to estimate water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen availability and use. Drought decreased the emergence and survival of seedlings and sprouts. Survival and growth of older saplings were not influenced by drought. Seedling emergence of P. latifolia was higher than Q. ilex sprout production, but Q. ilex sprouts had higher survival and growth rates. These differences disappeared in the sapling stage. Carbon isotopic discrimination suggested that Q. ilex sprouts had higher WUE than P. latifolia seedlings. Drought increased WUE of recruits, particularly in Q. ilex. Water use regulation increased with ageing, particularly in P. latifolia. Q. ilex had higher δ15N values than P. latifolia; these were also higher under drier soil conditions. Current year seedlings had higher δ15N than saplings, particularly in P. latifolia, suggesting they exploit superficial soil layers. These results suggest that sprouts obtain benefit from resources stored in parent plants. At earlier stages, they perform better than seedlings. This response is not coupled to adult vulnerability to drought for these species, revealing the difficulty of predicting species dynamics during climate change.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrido, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hampe, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARAÑON, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regional differences in land use affect population performance of the threatened insectivorous plant Drosophyllum lusitanicum (Droseraceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversity and Distributions</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carnivorous plant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">demographic structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographical range</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean heathland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">range-wide survey</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00029.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">335 - 350</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We analyse populations of the insectivorous plant Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link (Droseraceae) and their habitats throughout the species’ distribution range (Portugal, Spain and Morocco), and examine their relations. We have surveyed 32 populations and we analyse their demographic structures, accompanying plant communities (by TWINSPAN analyses), and relationships between population features and several edaphic and nonedaphic environmental variables (by multiple regression analyses). Plant communities, their ﬂoristic richness and degree of endemism change across the geographical range of Drosophyllum. Populations vary strongly in size, density and age structure. Their recruitment seems largely determined by competition with the surrounding vegetation, while only weak relationships were detected between population performance and other environmental factors. The demographic structure of populations exhibits a marked geographical differentiation, with populations becoming older and sparser towards the north-western part of the range. The largest and presumably most stable populations are mostly found in southern Spanish heathlands, which are nowadays scarcely affected by man. Moroccan populations suffer from browsing by cattle and experience an accelerated generation turnover, while most Portuguese populations occur in afforested areas and experience strongly reduced recruitment. The historical distribution range of Drosophyllum within its peculiar habitat has probably been relatively stable, but recent regional differences in human land use have resulted in present-day differences in population performance, as well as in types and degrees of threat across the three countries involved. Conservation strategies should take into account this range-wide variation and combine approaches on different spatial scales.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrido, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hampe, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARAÑÓN, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regional differences in land use affect population performance of the threatened insectivorous plant Drosophyllum lusitanicum (Droseraceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversity and Distributions</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carnivorous plant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">demographic structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographical range</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean heathland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">range-wide survey</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">335-350</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We analyse populations of the insectivorous plant Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link (Droseraceae) and their habitats throughout the species’ distribution range (Portugal, Spain and Morocco), and examine their relations. We have surveyed 32 populations and we analyse their demographic structures, accompanying plant communities (by TWINSPAN analyses), and relationships between population features and several edaphic and nonedaphic environmental variables (by multiple regression analyses). Plant communities, their ﬂoristic richness and degree of endemism change across the geographical range of Drosophyllum. Populations vary strongly in size, density and age structure. Their recruitment seems largely determined by competition with the surrounding vegetation, while only weak relationships were detected between population performance and other environmental factors. The demographic structure of populations exhibits a marked geographical differentiation, with populations becoming older and sparser towards the north-western part of the range. The largest and presumably most stable populations are mostly found in southern Spanish heathlands, which are nowadays scarcely affected by man. Moroccan populations suffer from browsing by cattle and experience an accelerated generation turnover, while most Portuguese populations occur in afforested areas and experience strongly reduced recruitment. The historical distribution range of Drosophyllum within its peculiar habitat has probably been relatively stable, but recent regional differences in human land use have resulted in present-day differences in population performance, as well as in types and degrees of threat across the three countries involved. Conservation strategies should take into account this range-wide variation and combine approaches on different spatial scales.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Villa, M. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARAÑON, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrido, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil seed bank and floristic diversity in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forests conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nomenclature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1658/1100-9233(2003)014[0701:SSBAFD]2.0.CO;2</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil seed bank and floristic diversity were studied in a forest of Quercus suber, a forest of Quercus canariensis and a grassland, forming a vegetation mosaic in Los Alcornocales Natural Park, southern Spain. The soil seed bank was estimated by the germination technique. In each community patch, diversity, woody species cover and herbaceous species frequency was measured. Three biodiversity components – species richness, endemism and taxonomic singularity – were considered in the vegetation and the seed bank. Forest patches had a soil seed bank of ca. 11 200-14 100 seed.m–2 and their composition had low resemblance to (epigeal) vegetation. The grassland patch had a more dense seed bank (ca. 31 800 seed.m–2 ) and a higher index of similarity with vegetation, compared with the forests nearby. The complete forest diversity was 71-78 species on 0.1 ha, including 12-15 species found only in the seed bank; the grassland species richness was higher (113 species on 0.1 ha). We discuss the role of soil seed banks in the vegetation dynamics and in the complete plant biodiversity of the mosaic landscape studied.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Villa, M D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARAÑÓN, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrido, B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil seed bank and floristic diversity in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forests conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nomenclature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">701</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil seed bank and floristic diversity were studied in a forest of Quercus suber, a forest of Quercus canariensis and a grassland, forming a vegetation mosaic in Los Alcornocales Natural Park, southern Spain. The soil seed bank was estimated by the germination technique. In each community patch, diversity, woody species cover and herbaceous species frequency was measured. Three biodiversity components – species richness, endemism and taxonomic singularity – were considered in the vegetation and the seed bank. Forest patches had a soil seed bank of ca. 11 200-14 100 seed.m–2 and their composition had low resemblance to (epigeal) vegetation. The grassland patch had a more dense seed bank (ca. 31 800 seed.m–2 ) and a higher index of similarity with vegetation, compared with the forests nearby. The complete forest diversity was 71-78 species on 0.1 ha, including 12-15 species found only in the seed bank; the grassland species richness was higher (113 species on 0.1 ha). We discuss the role of soil seed banks in the vegetation dynamics and in the complete plant biodiversity of the mosaic landscape studied.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghouil, Hana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montpied, Pierre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epron, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ksontini, Mustapha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanchi, Belkacem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dreyer, Erwin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermal optima of photosynthetic functions and thermostability of photochemistry in cork oak seedlings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maximal carboxylation rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maximal light-driven electron flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/15/1031.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1031 - 1039</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature effects on photosynthesis were studied in seedlings of evergreen Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber L.). Responses to changes in temperature and the temperature optima of maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and maximal light-driven electron flux (Jmax) were estimated from gas exchange measurements and a leaf-level photosynthesis model. The estimated temperature optima were approximately 34 and 33 °C for Vcmax and Jmax, respectively, which fall within the lower range of temperature optima previously observed in deciduous tree species. The thermostability of the photosynthetic apparatus was estimated according to the temperature at which basal chlorophyll a fluorescence begins to increase (Tc). The Tc was highly variable, increasing from 42 to 51 °C when ambient temperature rose from 10 to 40 °C, and increasing from 44 to 54 °C with decreasing soil water availability while net CO2 assimilation rate dropped to almost zero. When a heat shock was imposed, an additional small increase in Tc was observed in drought-stressed and control seedlings. Maximal Tc values following heat shock were about 56 °C, which, to our knowledge, are the highest values that have been observed in tree species. In conclusion, the intrinsic temperature responses of cork oak did not differ from those of other species (similar Tc under ambient temperature and water availability, and relatively low thermal optima for photosynthetic capacity in seedlings grown at cool temperatures). However, the large ability of cork oak to acclimate to drought and elevated temperature may be an important factor in the tolerance of this evergreen Mediterranean species to summer drought and high temperatures.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/23.15.103110.1093/treephys/23.15.1031</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghouil, Hana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montpied, Pierre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epron, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ksontini, Mustapha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanchi, Belkacem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dreyer, Erwin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermal optima of photosynthetic functions and thermostability of photochemistry in cork oak seedlings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maximal carboxylation rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maximal light-driven electron flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1031-1039</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature effects on photosynthesis were studied in seedlings of evergreen Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber L.). Responses to changes in temperature and the temperature optima of maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and maximal light-driven electron flux (Jmax) were estimated from gas exchange measurements and a leaf-level photosynthesis model. The estimated temperature optima were approximately 34 and 33 °C for Vcmax and Jmax, respectively, which fall within the lower range of temperature optima previously observed in deciduous tree species. The thermostability of the photosynthetic apparatus was estimated according to the temperature at which basal chlorophyll a fluorescence begins to increase (Tc). The Tc was highly variable, increasing from 42 to 51 °C when ambient temperature rose from 10 to 40 °C, and increasing from 44 to 54 °C with decreasing soil water availability while net CO2 assimilation rate dropped to almost zero. When a heat shock was imposed, an additional small increase in Tc was observed in drought-stressed and control seedlings. Maximal Tc values following heat shock were about 56 °C, which, to our knowledge, are the highest values that have been observed in tree species. In conclusion, the intrinsic temperature responses of cork oak did not differ from those of other species (similar Tc under ambient temperature and water availability, and relatively low thermal optima for photosynthetic capacity in seedlings grown at cool temperatures). However, the large ability of cork oak to acclimate to drought and elevated temperature may be an important factor in the tolerance of this evergreen Mediterranean species to summer drought and high temperatures.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/23.15.1031</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/23.15.1031</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barradas, Díaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zunzunegui, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant functional types and ecosystem function in Mediterranean shrubland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doñana</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant trait</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water potential</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water table depth</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">709-716</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study attempts to identify Plant Functional Types (PFTs) within the scrub vegetation of the stabilized sand dunes of the Doñana National Park (southwestern Spain) and to explore possible links with ecosystem function. Two 10-km long transects were sampled along a gradient of water table depth from elevated and dry dunes to a border area close to the salt marsh. A matrix of cover values for 20 woody species × 58 plots and a matrix of 24 morphological and physiological traits × 20 species were analysed by means of DCA and TWINSPAN to identify the main vegetation types and PFTs. In order to know the predominant plant traits, the matrix of 20 species × 58 plots was multiplied by the 24 traits × 20 species matrix. The resulting 24 traits × 58 plots matrix was analysed by means of DCA. The main vegetation types coincide with the previous descriptions of the Park with Juniperus phoenicea woodland and xerophytic species dominating the top of the dunes and hygrophytic species with isolated Quercus suber trees in the depressions. Previous classifications of Mediterranean woody plants resulted in two main PFTs. The present analysis confirmed these two groups: maquis versus garrigue, but added four new groups. The analysis of the traits × plots matrix revealed that the main trend of variation is related to the water table gradient, while the traits related to the species of mature plant communities had little weight in the analysis because these communities are restricted to isolated patches.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barradas, Díaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zunzunegui, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant functional types and ecosystem function in Mediterranean shrubland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doñana</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant trait</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water potential</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water table depth</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2307/3237085/abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">709 - 716</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study attempts to identify Plant Functional Types (PFTs) within the scrub vegetation of the stabilized sand dunes of the Doñana National Park (southwestern Spain) and to explore possible links with ecosystem function. Two 10-km long transects were sampled along a gradient of water table depth from elevated and dry dunes to a border area close to the salt marsh. A matrix of cover values for 20 woody species × 58 plots and a matrix of 24 morphological and physiological traits × 20 species were analysed by means of DCA and TWINSPAN to identify the main vegetation types and PFTs. In order to know the predominant plant traits, the matrix of 20 species × 58 plots was multiplied by the 24 traits × 20 species matrix. The resulting 24 traits × 58 plots matrix was analysed by means of DCA. The main vegetation types coincide with the previous descriptions of the Park with Juniperus phoenicea woodland and xerophytic species dominating the top of the dunes and hygrophytic species with isolated Quercus suber trees in the depressions. Previous classifications of Mediterranean woody plants resulted in two main PFTs. The present analysis confirmed these two groups: maquis versus garrigue, but added four new groups. The analysis of the traits × plots matrix revealed that the main trend of variation is related to the water table gradient, while the traits related to the species of mature plant communities had little weight in the analysis because these communities are restricted to isolated patches.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">la Marca, Orazio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marziliano A., Pasquale</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moretti, Nicola</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experimental research in ageing holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) coppices: preliminary results</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coppice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cutting method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">snow breakage</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">461-476</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The initial data of a long-term research programme aimed at determining the silvicultural choices for management of ageing holm oak coppices are reported. The various treatments being tested are the following: treatments A and B, respectively, with 50 and 250 reserve trees per hectare, all of the same age; treatment C with 140 reserve trees per hectare, with three different ages; treatment D, conversion into high forest; and treatment E, natural evolution (the control). A total of 15 permanent plots were established (five treatments x three replicates) and the experimental design used is that of randomized blocks. The results presented regard the structural development of the coppice during the first 2 years after coppicing. Regeneration from seed showed a significant correlation with treatment. Data relative to the characteristics of the stands existing before the various interventions also are given. Such preliminary results need further periodical observations</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">la Marca, Orazio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marziliano A., Pasquale</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moretti, Nicola</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experimental research in ageing holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) coppices: preliminary results</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coppice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cutting method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">snow breakage</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19980406</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">461 - 476</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The initial data of a long-term research programme aimed at determining the silvicultural choices for management of ageing holm oak coppices are reported. The various treatments being tested are the following: treatments A and B, respectively, with 50 and 250 reserve trees per hectare, all of the same age; treatment C with 140 reserve trees per hectare, with three different ages; treatment D, conversion into high forest; and treatment E, natural evolution (the control). A total of 15 permanent plots were established (five treatments x three replicates) and the experimental design used is that of randomized blocks. The results presented regard the structural development of the coppice during the first 2 years after coppicing. Regeneration from seed showed a significant correlation with treatment. Data relative to the characteristics of the stands existing before the various interventions also are given. Such preliminary results need further periodical observations</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J.Ma, ESPELTA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RETANA, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riba, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supervivencia y crecimiento de plántulas de encina en función de la intensidad de luz y la disponibilidad de agua</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pamplona</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">237-242</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The response of holm oak seedlings under a gradient of light and water av ail abilit y is analyzed. Seedling survival under all water levels decreased with increasing light. Conceming seedling morphology, both light and water availability changed biomass allocation to roots, stems and leaves, being light the most important source of variation</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riba, Miquel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Javier, Retana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patterns of seedling recruitment in West-Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest influenced by canopy development</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeder</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sprouter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thinning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">465-472</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract. Quercus ilex (holm oak) coppice forests belong to the most representative communities in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula. Due to the high sprouting potential of holm oak after coppicing, the dynamics of recruitment of new individuals in existing populations has been largely overlooked. In these forests, the density of seedlings increases in old stands, as a result of the remarkable increase in the recruitment of 1-yr and 2-yr old seedlings, probably due to better environmental conditions for germination. Older seedlings show a tendency towards increasing survival under some degree of canopy closure, since their density appears to be higher just before complete canopy closure takes place. Nevertheless, the reduced growth of seedlings in older stands due to low light levels causes age distributions of holm oak seedlings to change drastically, with saplings older than 15 yr becoming very unusual in these stands. Therefore, a bottleneck of recruitment appears at this sapling stage and prevents vigorous regeneration just before thinning. Present conditions of genet density and management tend to prevent population renewal. Dynamics of the seedling bank reinforce the role of gap formation through small or large scale perturbations in population turnover.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DAVID, J. F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF MILLIPEDES IN A MEDITERRANEAN OAK FOREST (SOUTHERN FRANCE)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioclimatic limit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elevation gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub encroachment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species distribution</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23 - 31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The millipede community of a helm oak forest (Quercus ilex) in southern France was sampled seasonally for 2 yr, at two depths in the forest floor. Despite the strong seasonality of climatic conditions, both recruitment periods and vertical displacements in the soil change markedly according to species; contrasting examples are provided by Glomeris marginata, which breeds in summer and burrows in winter, and by Opisthocheiron elegans, which behaves the opposite way. At the community level, biomass changes significantly between a spring minimum and an autumn maximum. Such a pattern results from the high abundance of G. marginata, a drought-resisting species which grows and reproduces during summer but experiences substantial winter mortality. The seasonal pattern is different in number of individuals due to the minute litter-dweller Polyxenus lagurus, which has a low population density in early autumn. The biomass of macrosaprophagous millipedes on the site (annual mean of 10.5 g live weight m(-2); autumn peak of 14.6 g live weight m(-2)) is much higher than that recorded further north in Europe, and its significance for litter consumption in Mediterranean forest is discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: PO BOX 50257, JERUSALEM 91502, ISRAEL&lt;br/&gt;publisher: LASER PAGES PUBL LTD</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David, J F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF MILLIPEDES IN A MEDITERRANEAN OAK FOREST (SOUTHERN FRANCE)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioclimatic limit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elevation gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub encroachment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species distribution</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LASER PAGES PUBL LTD</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 50257, JERUSALEM 91502, ISRAEL</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23-31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The millipede community of a helm oak forest (Quercus ilex) in southern France was sampled seasonally for 2 yr, at two depths in the forest floor. Despite the strong seasonality of climatic conditions, both recruitment periods and vertical displacements in the soil change markedly according to species; contrasting examples are provided by Glomeris marginata, which breeds in summer and burrows in winter, and by Opisthocheiron elegans, which behaves the opposite way. At the community level, biomass changes significantly between a spring minimum and an autumn maximum. Such a pattern results from the high abundance of G. marginata, a drought-resisting species which grows and reproduces during summer but experiences substantial winter mortality. The seasonal pattern is different in number of individuals due to the minute litter-dweller Polyxenus lagurus, which has a low population density in early autumn. The biomass of macrosaprophagous millipedes on the site (annual mean of 10.5 g live weight m(-2); autumn peak of 14.6 g live weight m(-2)) is much higher than that recorded further north in Europe, and its significance for litter consumption in Mediterranean forest is discussed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARISTA, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF AN ABIES PINSAPO FOREST IN SOUTHERN SPAIN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABIES PINSAPO</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDITERRANEAN FIR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SIZE STRUCTURE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81-89</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The forest composition and age-diameter relationships of Abies pinsapo were studied in a natural forest in the Nature Reserve of the Sierra de Grazalema (southern Spain). The composition and structure of the forest was very different with respect to gaps and closed forest. Altitudinal differences in forest composition were also found. Abies pinsapo was the dominant species, Quercus rotundifolia and Quercus faginea were the other important overstorey species. The diameter distributions of A. pinsapo were skewed toward the larger size classes, with a large seedling proportion of about 70%. Abies pinsapo establishment rates were higher in the gaps. Seedlings of Abies pinsapo established under the closed canopy forest had suppressed growth, as indicated by their relatively advanced ages. Seedlings and saplings with suppressed growth can survive for a mean of 40 years, constituting a pool from which canopy trees may be recruited. Results show that the pinsapo forest of the Sierra de Grazalema is in equilibrium and that its dynamics are conditioned by a small-sapling bank and canopy gap formation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARISTA, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF AN ABIES PINSAPO FOREST IN SOUTHERN SPAIN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABIES PINSAPO</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDITERRANEAN FIR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SIZE STRUCTURE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81 - 89</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The forest composition and age-diameter relationships of Abies pinsapo were studied in a natural forest in the Nature Reserve of the Sierra de Grazalema (southern Spain). The composition and structure of the forest was very different with respect to gaps and closed forest. Altitudinal differences in forest composition were also found. Abies pinsapo was the dominant species, Quercus rotundifolia and Quercus faginea were the other important overstorey species. The diameter distributions of A. pinsapo were skewed toward the larger size classes, with a large seedling proportion of about 70%. Abies pinsapo establishment rates were higher in the gaps. Seedlings of Abies pinsapo established under the closed canopy forest had suppressed growth, as indicated by their relatively advanced ages. Seedlings and saplings with suppressed growth can survive for a mean of 40 years, constituting a pool from which canopy trees may be recruited. Results show that the pinsapo forest of the Sierra de Grazalema is in equilibrium and that its dynamics are conditioned by a small-sapling bank and canopy gap formation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacilieri, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bouchet, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bran, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grandjanny, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maistre, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perret, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romane, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURAL GERMINATION AS RESILIENCE COMPONENT IN MEDITERRANEAN COPPICE STANDS OF CASTANEA-SATIVA MILL AND QUERCUS-ILEX L</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABANDONED LAND</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CASTANEA-SATIVA MILL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coppice stands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GAUTHIER-VILLARS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEPT UNIV PROFESSIONNEL REVUES SCIENTIFIQUES TECHNIQUE 11 RUE GOSSIN, F-92543 MONTROUGE, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">417-429</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the Mediterranean basin, most of the present forests derive from original forests where the dominant species was different from the present one. These changes are largely due to human activities reflecting millenia of management and, often, overexploitation. In southern France, for example, palaeoecologists believe that the original malacophyllous deciduous forest of downy oak (Quercus pubescens) was replaced by a sclerophyllous evergreen holm oak (Quercus ilex) coppice in the driest areas, and chestnut (Castanea sativa) orchards or coppices in the `'wettest'' areas. However, for the last several decades, exploitation of these coppice stands has been decreasing. In this study, we addressed the question of the resilience of these managed ecosystems in the fact of changing management schemes, and to determine appropriate strategies and criteria of sustainable development. We present some aspects of the auto-succession after clearcutting of holm oak coppice stands and aspects of the natural regeneration of 4 species (Q. ilex, Q. pubescens, C. sativa, and P. pinaster). The consequences of the contrasted life history strategies are compared to estimate the future of these coppices.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orozco Bayo, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López Serrano, F R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de las Heras Ibáñez, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ESTUDIO DE LA REGENERACION DE LOS SABINARES DE SABINA ALBAR (JUNIPERUS THURIFERA L.) EN LA PROVINCIA DE ALBACETE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congreso Forestal Español, Lourizán - Pontevedra. 1993</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protection against liverwort</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">571-574</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61 plots selected using photographs were studies in one Juniperus thurifera forest located in the W of the Albacete Province (SE Spain). In each plot, the regeneration of this species was measured considering a key of three patems of regeneration. Also, sorne ecological factors linked to this process were also measured. A very high regeneration was pro ved in those plots that represented forests of J. thurifera and Quercus rotundifolia highly mixed. In those plots with only individual s of J. thurifera there was a minor regeneration of this species. A better protection against livestock, edaphic moisture, and luminosity conditions can be adduced as sorne causes of this difference in the regeneration.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lepoutre, B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Régénération artificielle du chêne-liege et équilibre climacique de la subéraie en forêt de la Mamora</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annales de la Recherche Forestiere au Maroc</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chêne-liège</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conditions édaphiques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drainage (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">épaisseur des sables</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">réussite des semis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semis artificiels</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1967</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">188</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to determine the edaphical conditions, which warrant a successful artificial regeneration of the cork-oak in the Mamora forest, the author passes in review previous inquiries and to begin points out material already learned on this problem. After giving a quick glance at the nature of soils constituted by a sandy cover of variable depth (0,40 to 6 ni) on an antique argillaceous- sandy deep formation, the author firstly puts forward the obviousness of the harmful influence of the considerable sand depths on the artificial regeneration of the cork-oak in the western Mamora. Inversely, he shows that a successful regeneration is as surely secured when the deep argilla- ceous-sandy formation called (( Mamora red clay D is closer to the surface. At this juncture, he manages to specify that the depth of sand over two meters is incompatible with the growth of cork-oak seedlings, but that the latter is subject to variations in cases where clay is close to the surface. The analysis of these variations enables the detection of a new factor of a favourable issue, which can be defined by the intensity of the side draining, the best outcome being under the conditions of a medium side-draining. Leaving the western Mamora with its more humid climate, the author continues his investigations in the semi-arid central Mamora. Generally, the soils are here less deep and the side-draining appears as a determinant factor in a favourable outcome or a failure of artificial cork-oak sowings. On flat or slighty sloping grounds the zones of failures fall in with localizations of perched winter phreatic sheets. The mechanical action of these sheets is studied parallelly with the nature of the cultural profile and the cork-oak rooting. Then, it becomes evident that the young cork-oak is unable to hold its ground during summer unless its radicular system succeeded to settle in the deep clay during the winter. On a sloping ground, the author comes to consider the depth of the sand as a vertical component of the draining and couples it with the horizoiztal component represented by the slope. Every sowing inventory site can be defined in this way through its draining characteristics and be graphically shown in relation to two axis of rectangular co-ordinates, bearing respectively, the slope on the absciss and the depth on the ordinate. Then, in applying to each inventory site a criterion for the growth of a sowing, the author comes to set up a diagram showing on one hand, the relationship between the good issue or the failure, and on the other hand, the draining. The study of the said diagram provides esential laws of repartition of successful issues and failures in the artificial regeneration. This method of study being applied to the even more arid oriental Mamora brings forward new results, while it warrants replacing the results of western Mamora into the same ecological scope. Comparing the three climatic sectors, it becomes possible to introduce climate as a factor in the interpreting of the results and, finally, to determine the edaphical climatic conditions of cork-oak regeneration in Mamora forest. This successful method, which seems to supply essential ecological elements to determine the installation and the growing of young cork-oaks leads the author to follow up his investigations, this time in the adult cork-oak forest, making evident the laws of the repartition of the forest dependent on draining, but, where he also shows the link between the density and the age of the stump range on one hand, and the edapho- climatic conditions on the other hand. Finally this study ends at the equilibrium of the climax in the cork-oak The synthesis warrants, in fact, comparing the previous conditions of the installation of the cork-oak, the more recent and the present one, by means of studies, respectively of old trees, young pole stage, and artificial regeneration. forest. Thereupon conclusions can be obtained in two fields. On the practical plan, the author lays down a correlation between the conditions of cork-oak artificial sowing and the density or the state of an adult forest. This correlation is the key to interpret the air photogra- phic covering in view of artificial regeneration and enables to ground a new management, based on extremely precise rules. On the ecological plan, the author is able to determine accurately the evolution of the forest, an evolution expressed by three natural states related to edapho-climatic conditions. The first state, where the regressive dynamism of the afforestation is observed by the presence of very old trees and where sowing is ineffective ; it is the old thin forest on deep sands or steep slopes. The second, where, on the contrary, exists a progressive dynamism of afforestation ; there are no trees, but empty spaces are conquered by young seedlings or by successful artificial regenerations. The third, where the equilibrium of the forest is secured by a strong density and a younger age of individuals, combined with the possibility of artificial or natural sowing. The author suggests for these three states the following denominations : postclimax, preclimax and euclimax, which would subdivide the general notion of climax as commonly used, and in which the existence of ecological equivalents forbids in any case the dissociation of edaphical factors and climatic conditions. He notes the interest of this notion of climax equilibrium in the scope of forestry management and, finally, underlines the parallelism of these conclusions with the one of his previous works, asserting a present seasonal climatic evolution in Morocco.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>