<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campelo, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GUTIÉRREZ, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribas, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nabais, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relationships between climate and double rings in Quercus ilex from northeast Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chronology (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">double rings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">growth pattern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">growth rings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precipitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/X07-050</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1915 - 1923</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The influence of climatic factors on tree-ring width and the formation of double rings was studied in Quercus ilex L. growing in a coppice stand left unmanaged for 22 years. Ten trees were felled and discs were taken every 30 cm from bole and dominant branches. Dendrometer bands were installed on 10 nearby trees and the data recorded were used to confirm the accuracy of our tree-ring identification. They were also used to relate the seasonal radial growth pattern to double-ring formation. Double rings were frequent and occurred consistently along the stem. Two types of double rings could be recognized according to their width: type I, with the extra growth band accounting for approximately 50% of the tree ring; and type II, with a narrow extra growth band. Type I double rings were formed when approximately 1/2 of the growing-season precipitation occurred during the second growth period of the season and after the summer drought. Type II double rings occurred when approximately 1/3 of the precipitation in the growing season occurred after the summer drought. The formation of double rings was triggered by rainfall in summer and the extra growth-band width was related to summer and autumn environmental conditions. Double rings in Q. ilex can potentially be used in dendroclimatological studies, as they are formed in response to climatic conditions within the growing season.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1139/X07-050doi: 10.1139/X07-050The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: NRC Research Press</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dijck, Simone J. E. Van</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laouina, Abdellah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carvalho, Anabela V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antari, Mostafa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rocha, Alfredo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borrego, Carlos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coen, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DESERTIFICATION IN NORTHERN MOROCCO DUE TO EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON GROUNDWATER RECHARGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">groundwater</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land degradation (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precipitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">surface runoff</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">549 - 577</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Groundwater resources in Morocco are expected to shrink in the next decades due to an increasing withdrawal for rural and urban development, and a decreasing internal recharge by precipitation under the influence of climate change. The objective of this work is to analyse the recharge of groundwater systems in a region with traditional agriculture and current transformations in northern Morocco (Sehoul region) in response to future climate change and land degradation. Models were used to simulate climate change and effects on surface runoff and groundwater recharge. The climate models indicated increases in temperature and decreases in precipitation in all seasons in 2050 compared to 1990, and an increasing variability of autumn precipitation. Because most cultivated fields are freshly ploughed and sown in autumn, this will increase the risk of desertification due to declining groundwater recharge and increased surface runoff and erosion. This is confirmed by the results of the event-based surface runoff simulation for the 2050 climate. Surface runoff is mainly produced in ancient grazing fields and fallow fields. In view of the current transformation of collective grazing fields into cultivated land, problems with loss of rainfall in surface runoff and soil erosion could be mitigated by 1. early tillage of cultivated fields along the slope contour, followed by leveling, 2. locating cultivated fields downslope of grazing fields to enable the capturing of diffuse surface runoff coming from the grazing fields, and 3. leaving fallow fields untilled and covered with crop remnants. The groundwater modeling results indicate a decrease of the annual groundwater recharge by rainfall of 40-68% from the climate centered in 1990 to the climate centered in 2050. As a result, groundwater levels are predicted to fall up till 2005, but the results are unreliable due to model errors. However, the decreases in precipitation, infiltration and groundwater recharge predicted in this study may be expected to add to the observed trend of groundwater level decrease in the study area, and to continuing desertification.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Mei, Massimiliano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Di Mauro, Mariaida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Study of some characteristic Mediterranean vegetation species best suited for renaturalization of terminal-phase municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills in Puglia (Southern Italy)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gramineae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbaceous</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landfills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leguminosae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precipitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scrub arboreal species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water potential</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1146609X06000257</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78 - 87</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural recovery of worked-out or closed municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills is a current topic, but knowledge about the adaptability of Mediterranean vegetation species to such stressful conditions is still quite poor. Autochthonous plants were selected to withstand the stresses such as hot climate and drought typical of Mediterranean areas; this characteristic potentially allows the plants an easier, efficient adaptation. Our aim was to provide information in order to obtain an adequate quality of environmental renewal of a landfill and a reduced management cost while ensuring rehabilitation to an acceptable naturalistic state. The investigation lasted 3 years; some Mediterranean scrub native plant species were selected and monitored in their morphological (total and relative height, basal diameter, number of inter-nodes) and physiological (photosynthetic rate and water potential) activity. In order to test dependence on CO2 concentration, different meteorological parameters were also monitored. Ceratonia siliqua, Phillyrea latifolia, Olea europaea and Quercus ilex showed considerable adaptability, reacting positively to every improvement in environmental conditions, particularly those of a meteorological nature. Survival and growth was satisfactory in Hedysarum coronarium, Medicago sativa, Lotus corniculatus, Rosmarinus officinalis, Myrtus communis and Viburnum tinus. Fraxinus ornus and Acer campestre suffered stress during the summer dry period and recovered quickly when atmospheric conditions improved. A drop irrigation system to ensure a satisfactory soil moisture during summer dry periods was the fundamental element for survival</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record></records></xml>