<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coll, Lluís</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camarero, Araid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aragón, Juan Martínez De</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camarero, Jesús Julio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez de Aragón, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camarero, Araid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aragón, Juan Martínez De</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fine Root Seasonal Dynamics, Plasticity, and Mycorrhization in 2 Coexisting Mediterranean Oaks with Contrasting Aboveground Phenology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecoscience</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">architecture et le statut</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chênes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coexistence d</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">des mécanismes supportant la</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ectomycorrhizae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">espèces méditerranéennes de</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">et caduques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feuilles persistantes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fine roots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">l</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixte de chênes à</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mycorhizien des radicelles d</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nous avons analysé sur</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nous avons utilisé la</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pour accroître notre compréhension</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus faginea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">résumé</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technique du sac</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">un peuplement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">une année la production</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2980/19-3-3488</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">238 - 245</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To advance understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the coexistence of Mediterranean oak species, we conducted a year-long analysis of the production, architecture, and mycorrhization status of the fine roots of a mixed evergreen (Quercus ilex) and winter deciduous (Quercus faginea) oak stand. We used the ingrowth bag technique to sample the fine roots produced by each species in spring, summer, and winter. For each season, root architecture traits (specific root length, root diameter, root tips) and variables associated to root ectomycorrhizal status were measured in the laboratory. Results showed a marked seasonality in the fine root architecture, including more fine root tips and longer roots per unit of weight formed in spring and summer, revealing a capacity in Mediterranean oak species to modify root architecture in spring and suggesting the possibility of increased resource capture in summer. Fine root ectomycorrhizal status was comparable between species and also showed marked seasonality: we found a high percentage of roots colonized by dead ectomycorrhizas in winter but low ectomycorrhizal colonization rates in summer. Quercus ilex produced greater amounts of fine roots than Q. faginea (particularly during spring), suggesting greater competitive ability in the former species for belowground resources.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monnier, Yogan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prévosto, Bernard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ripert, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corbani, Aude C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez, Catherine</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest microhabitats differentially influence seedling phenology of two co-existing Mediterranean oak species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pubescens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil moisture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survival</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01358.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">260 - 270</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Question How do forest microhabitats impact seasonal microclimate conditions and phenological seedling strategies in two co-occurring Mediterranean Quercus species with different leaf habits? Location Pinus halepensis woodlands, Provence, SE France. Methods Ninety sets of three acorns of Quercus ilex (evergreen) or Quercus pubescens (winter-deciduous) were sown under various P. halepensis canopy cover conditions. Canopy cover and litter depth were measured at each sowing point, and soil moisture and temperature were measured twice monthly. Seedling phenology and aerial development were monitored during the second growing season under different microhabitats. Results During rainy periods, soil moisture was higher under open canopy and thinner litter layers, whereas during summer drought soil moisture was higher under dense canopy and thicker litter layers. Quercus pubescens seedlings had higher growth activity than Q. ilex before summer drought, whereas the pattern reversed during autumnal growth. Dense canopy cover strongly delayed budburst and decreased foliar development in Q. pubescens, which was more affected than Q. ilex. Depending on species phenology, litter thickness can influence height growth of flushes during early summer. Conclusions Quercus pubescens has a phenological strategy to allow development of maximal foliar area before summer drought, a typical growth strategy of Mediterranean winter-deciduous species. In contrast, later phenological activity of evergreen Q. ilex enables it to cope with the dry period and capitalize on autumnal precipitation events. Dense cover acts as shelter in the dry season but can reduce soil moisture during wetter seasons. In contrast to Q. ilex, Q. pubescens appeared strongly dependent on canopy cover, suggesting that Q. ilex has a larger regeneration niche in Aleppo pine woodlands. In the context of global change, this ‘microhabitat effect’ on species-specific phenological strategy underlines the need to consider effects of local environmental conditions on regenerating species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-mozo, Herminia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominguez-vilches, Eugenio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galán, Carmen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A model to account for variations in production in southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aerobiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus ilex subsp. ballota</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">403 - 408</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the characteristics of holm-oak acorn production is its high variability among individuals and years. To examine the main causes of this fact, a study was conducted from 1998-2010 in a natural area of holm-oak in southern Spain, where floral phenology, fruit production, fruit size, airborne pollen emission and meteorology factors were analyzed with the ultimate aim of developing a model for forecasting holm-oak yield. Pollen emission during flowering season was the main factor determining the final acorn harvest, but also some meteorological variables played an important role in explaining acorn crop variations, especially humidity and temperature during the months of April and September. The reliability of the proposed model was externally validated using data not included in its construction; validation yielded acceptable results, with a minimum error of estimation. Our results appear to be very useful for planning cropping and pig feeding strategies. Further research could extend the use of airborne pollen counts in forest studies relating to anemophilous species, in order to optimize agricultural policies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonal, Raul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muñoz, Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARÍA ESPELTA, JOSEP</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mismatch between the timing of oviposition and the seasonal optimum. The stochastic phenology of Mediterranean acorn weevils</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Entomology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adult emergence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curculio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oviposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stochastic events</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">timing of reproduction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2010.01178.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">270 - 278</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. The timing of reproduction is predicted to match the period of maximum food availability. In this sense, the case of many phytophagous insects in temperate regions is very illustrative, as their larvae usually depend on a resource only available for a limited period of time each year. 2. For 3 years the interactions between the weevil Curculio elephas and the Mediterranean Holm oak Quercus ilex were studied. Weevil larvae grow within the acorns, feeding on the cotyledons. The timing of oviposition will determine food availability for the larvae, as acorns stop growing once they are attacked. 3. Acorn temporal growing patterns did not change between years and food availability for larvae was at its highest in October, when temperature was still suitable for larval development. However, oviposition phenology did change between years. In 2002 females oviposited later, larvae grew within larger acorns, and their body mass was significantly higher than in 2003 or 2004, when females oviposited into early acorns. 4. Thus, weevils do not always adjust oviposition to the best possible feeding conditions for their offspring. Rather, they seem to maximise their own lifetime fitness, ovipositing as soon as they emerge in late summer. Emergence, in turn, depends strongly on stochastic events such as summer storms in the Mediterranean region. 5. Under a climate change perspective, the trend towards higher August rainfall recorded in our study area may alter oviposition phenology, with the subsequent cascade effects on weevil body size and fitness</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Mozo, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mestre, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galan, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenological trends in southern Spain: A response to climate change</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aerobiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168192310000493</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">150</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">575 - 580</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The impact of climate change, and particularly of climate warming, is being tracked in many physical and biological systems. Plant phenology is seen as one of the most important bio-indicators, since trends can provide considerable temporal and spatial information regarding ongoing changes. Analyses performed at six sites in southern Spain from 1986 to the present have focused on vegetative and overall reproductive phenology in Olea europaea L., and Vitis vinifera L. and in various species of Quercus spp. and Poaceae. Early results suggest that trends in ﬂowering patterns derived from ﬁeld phenological observations were similar to trends in aerobiological data for most study species, and indicate a trend towards earlier foliation, ﬂowering and fruit ripening. This advance is more evident in arboreal than in herbaceous species. Statistical analysis showed temperature increase was the major factor affecting earlier foliation, ﬂowering and fruit ripening, as well as prompting delayed leaf fall. Herbaceous species were more affected than trees by changes in rainfall records</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanz-Pérez, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro-Díez, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differential and interactive effects of temperature and photoperiod on budburst and carbon reserves in two co-occurring Mediterranean oaks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global warming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lipids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus faginea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soluble sugars</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">starch</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood anatomy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00119.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">142 - 151</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of temperature and photoperiod and their interactions on budburst and on the use of carbon reserves were examined in two Mediterranean oaks differing in wood anatomy and leaf habit. Seedlings of Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (evergreen and diffuse-porous wood) and Q. faginea (semi-deciduous and ring-porous wood) were grown under two temperatures (12 and 19 °C) and two photoperiods (10 and 16 h) in a factorial experiment. In the 16 h photoperiod at 19 °C, photosynthesis was suppressed in half of the seedlings by covering leaves with aluminium foil. The concentration of soluble sugars, starch and lipids in leaves, stems and roots was assessed before and after budburst. Under the 12 °C treatment (mean current temperature in early spring in the Iberian Peninsula), budburst in Q. faginea occurred earlier than in Q. ilex. Higher temperature promoted earlier budburst in both species, mostly under the 16 h photoperiod. This response was less pronounced in Q. faginea because its budburst was also controlled by photoperiod, and because this species needs to construct a new ring of xylem before budburst to supply its growth demands. Therefore, dates of budburst of the two species became closer to each other in the warmer treatment, which might alter competitive relations between the species with changing climate. While Q. ilex relied on carbon reserves for budburst, Q. faginea relied on both carbon reserves and current photoassimilates. The different responses of the two Quercus species to temperature and photoperiod related more to xylem structure than to the source of carbon used for budburst.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Mozo, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chuine, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aira, M. J. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belmonte, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bermejo, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz de la Guardia, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elvira, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gutiérrez, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez-Rajo, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruiz, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trigo, M. M. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tormo, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valencia, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galan, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regional phenological models for forecasting the start and peak of the Quercus pollen season in Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aerobiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168192307002602</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">148</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">372 - 380</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">he study sought to achieve the broadest possible spatial and temporal predictions by examining genetic variations in the timing of ﬂowering between populations of the Iberian Quercus species using pollen data from 15 sites in Spain. The speciﬁc objective of the study was to develop and ﬁt regional phenological model to predict the ﬂowering start and ﬂowering peak of Quercus species in the Iberian Peninsula by ascertaining whether potentially signiﬁcant genetic variations in the timing of ﬂowering required different phenological models or if, on the contrary, regional models for several localities can explain the variability detected in Quercus phenology in Spain. Model estimates did not vary greatly as a function of environment within similar climate areas where the same species grew; thus, model estimates of the temperature response of individuals growing in similar climate areas did not differ signiﬁcantly. The percentage of variance explained by models was greater in models ﬁtted with local data (75–97%). Nevertheless, acceptable results were also obtained using regional models (55–85%). The lowest value was found for the Simplifed Model including all Spanish sites together (51%).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palacio, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milla, Rubén</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albuixech, Jorge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-Rontomé, Carmen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camarero, Jesús Julio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maestro, Melchor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montserrat-Martí, Gabriel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal variability of dry matter content and its relationship with shoot growth and nonstructural carbohydrates</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Phytologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbohydrate Metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional classifications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf dry matter content (LDMC)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf water status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Stems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Stems: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Stems: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shoot growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18643937http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02569.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">180</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">133 - 142</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">* • This study assesses how different phases of shoot growth underlie seasonal change in leaf and stem dry matter content (LDMC and SDMC, respectively) of 12 woody Mediterranean species. The relationship between LDMC and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations is also explored and the seasonal vs interspecies variability of LDMC compared. * • LDMC, SDMC and shoot elongation rate (SER) were measured on a monthly basis for a minimum of 12 months. Bud growth rate (BGR) and NSC concentrations were also assessed in several of the study species. * • LDMC and SDMC decreased during shoot elongation in spring and increased in summer, showing a significant negative correlation with SER, but were unrelated to BGR. Half of the species analysed showed a positive relationship between LDMC and NSC. Seasonal fluctuations of LDMC within species were higher than interspecies differences, and species ranking was significantly affected by the month of sampling, except during winter months. * • Seasonal changes in LDMC and SDMC are mainly related to shoot elongation phenology, and NSC sink–source relationships between old and growing organs can explain this relationship in some species. Owing to the high seasonal variability in LDMC, it is recommended that samples for comparative purposes should be collected as close to the winter as possible.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 18643937</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Mozo, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Casero, M. T. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominguez, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galan, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of pollen emission and weather-related factors on variations in holm-oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) acorn production</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and Experimental Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aerobiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ballota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">holm-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus ilex subsp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus ilex subsp. ballota</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0098847207000585</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35 - 40</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Iberian Mediterranean ecosystems holm-oak acorn production is of vital ecological and economic importance. Economically these fruits are the major component in the feeding systems of high-quality domestic pigs. As in most Quercus species, the chief feature of holm-oak acorn production is its high variability among individuals and years. Many hypotheses have been put forward to explain these ﬂuctuations, but the variables inﬂuencing this alternating behavior remain unknown. From 1998 to 2003 we studied ﬂoral phenology, fruit production, fruit size, airborne pollen emission and meteorology in a holm-oak natural area of South Spain. The results obtained by using a Principal Components Factorial Analysis indicated that pollen emission, up to the day where maximum pollen data are recorded, was the most important factor determining ﬁnal acorn harvest. With regard to the inﬂuence of the weather, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall of January, March and September were the most inﬂuencing variables. Our results support the “wind pollination” hypothesis proposed by other authors in some North-American Quercus studies. Integration of aerobiological, ﬁeld phenological and meteorological data could represent an important step forward in forest fruit production research.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morin, Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Améglio, Thierry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahas, Rein</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kurz-Besson, Cathy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lanta, Vojtěch</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lebourgeois, François</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miglietta, Franco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chuine, Isabelle</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variation in cold hardiness and carbohydrate concentration from dormancy induction to bud burst among provenances of three European oak species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adult individuals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">frost dam- age</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural populations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pubescens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus robur</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/6/817.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">817 - 825</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although cold hardiness is known to be a major determinant of tree species distribution, its dynamics and the factors that regulate it remain poorly understood. Variation in cold hardiness and carbohydrate concentration, from dormancy induction until bud burst, were investigated in populations of two deciduous (Quercus robur L. and Quercus pubescens Willd.) and one evergreen (Quercus ilex L.) European oak. Mean cold hardiness values in January were –56, –45 and –27 °C for Q. robur, Q. pubescens and Q. ilex, respectively. Soluble carbohydrate concentrations were closely related to instantaneous cold hardiness, estimated by the electrolyte leakage method, whereas total carbohydrate concentration was related to maximum cold hardiness. Both cold hardiness and carbohydrate concentration showed a close linear relationship with temperatures at the location of the sampled population. Our results show that temporal variation in both the inter- and intraspecific cold hardiness in European oaks can be related to variations in the concentrations of soluble carbohydrates and that these relationships appear to be driven by temperature.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/27.6.81710.1093/treephys/27.6.817</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro-Díez, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pintado, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sancho, Leopoldo G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maestro, Melchor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interactive effects of shade and irrigation on the performance of seedlings of three Mediterranean Quercus species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of Variance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass allocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon assimilation rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative growth rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling: drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: pharmacology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16356909http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/3/389.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">389 - 400</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shade and irrigation are frequently used to increase the success of Mediterranean Quercus spp. plantations. However, there is controversy about the combined effects of these treatments on plant performance. We assessed the effects of two irradiances (full sunlight and moderate shade) and two summer watering regimes (high (daily) and low (alternate days)) on leaf and whole-plant traits of 1-year-old seedlings of Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex subsp. ballota and Q. faginea grown outdoors for 8.5 months. Leaf traits included measures of morphology, nitrogen concentration, gas exchange and photochemical efficiency, and measures of whole-plant traits included biomass allocation patterns, growth phenology, across-summer leaf area change and relative growth rate (RGR).Moderate shade reduced leaf mass per area, increased photochemical efficiency, maximum carbon assimilation rate (Amax) and allocation to leaves, and prolonged the growing period in one or more of the species. Daily watering in summer increased Amax of Q. ilex and prolonged the growing period of Q. ilex and Q. faginea. Both treatments tended to increase RGR. The effect of shade was greater in the low-watering regime than in the high-watering regime for two of the 15 studied traits, with treatment effects being independent for the remaining 13 traits. Leaf nitrogen and the ability to maintain leaf area after the arid period, rather than biomass allocation traits, explained the variation in seedling RGR. Trait responsiveness to the treatments was low and similar among species and between study scales, being unexpectedly low in Q. faginea leaves. This may be because selective pressures on leaf plasticity act differently in deciduous and evergreen species. We conclude that moderate shade and daily summer watering enhance the performance of Mediterranean Quercus seedlings through species-specific mechanisms.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 (Interactive effects of shade and irrigation on the performance of seedlings of three Mediterranean Quercus species - Castro-Díez, Pilar; Navarro, Javier; Pintado, Ana; Sancho, Leopoldo G; Maestro, Melchor)From Duplicate 2 (Interactive effects of shade and irrigation on the performance of seedlings of three Mediterranean Quercus species - Castro-Díez, Pilar; Navarro, Javier; Pintado, Ana; Sancho, Leopoldo G; Maestro, Melchor)The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 16356909</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davi, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dufrêne, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">François, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le Maire, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loustau, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bosc, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granier, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moors, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sensitivity of water and carbon fluxes to climate changes from 1960 to 2100 in European forest ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canopy scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon sink</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168192306002437</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35 - 56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effects of climate changes on carbon and water ﬂuxes are quantiﬁed using a physiologically multi-layer, process-based model containing a carbon allocation model and coupled with a soil model (CASTANEA). The model is ﬁrst evaluated on four EUROFLUX sites using eddy covariance data, which provide estimates of carbon and water ﬂuxes at the ecosystem scale. It correctly reproduces the diurnal ﬂuxes and the seasonal pattern. Thereafter simulations were conducted on six French forest ecosystems representative of three climatic areas (oceanic, continental and Mediterranean areas) dominated by deciduous species (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur), coniferous species (Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris) or sclerophyllous evergreen species (Quercus ilex). The model is driven by the results of a meteorological model (ARPEGE) following the B2 scenario of IPCC. From 1960 to 2100, the average temperature increases by 3.1 8C (30%) and the rainfall during summer decreases by 68 mm (27%). For all the sites, between the two periods, the simulations predict on average a gross primary production (GPP) increase of 513 g(C) m 2 (+38%). This increase is relatively steep until 2020, followed by a slowing down of the GPP rise due to an increase of the effect of water stress. Contrary to GPP, the ecosystem respiration (Reco ) raises at a constant rate (350 g(C) m 2 i.e. 31% from 1960 to 2100). The dynamics of the net ecosystem productivity (GPP minus Reco ) is the consequence of the effect on both GPP and Reco and differs per site. The ecosystems always remain carbon sinks; however the sink strength globally decreases for coniferous (8%), increases for sclerophyllous evergreen (+34%) and strongly increases for deciduous forest (+67%) that largely beneﬁts by the lengthening of the foliated period. The separately quantiﬁed effects of the main variables (temperature, length of foliated season, CO2 fertilization, drought effect), show that the magnitude of these effects depends on the species and the climatic zone</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Fernández, Pedro M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climent, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, Luis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biennial acorn maturation and its relationship with flowering phenology in Iberian populations of Quercus suber</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quiescent flowers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ripening cycle</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00468-004-0325-z</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">615 - 621</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since the XIX century, there is a controversy about the existence of biennial maturation of the acorns in Quercus suber L. While some authors recognised biennial cycles as an adaptation to habitats with short vegetative periods, other authors discarded the biennial pattern. Successive flowering events from spring to autumn and annual acorn ripening are proposed as an explanation of the multiple acorn crops typical of Iberian forests. To clarify this discussion, the presence of annual and biennial acorns was assessed in seven cork oak stands, covering a wide range of environmental conditions. In each stand, 100 individuals were sampled once in spring and once in autumn. Biennial acorns were observed with variable frequencies in all populations. There was a significant and positive relationship between latitude and the percentage of trees with biennial acorns within northern and central populations. On the contrary, this trend was not significant among southern populations. The hypothesis that the presence of biennial acorns in Quercus suber is related to individual female flowering phenology was confirmed in four populations located in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula. Unregarding local differences in the distribution of phenological stages anticipated trees bore significantly less biennial acorns than delayed individuals of the same stand. This result is coherent with the idea that the length of the vegetative period plays a crucial role in the frequency of annual and biennial acorn ripening patterns. The relationship between annual and biennial ripening cycles and the multiple acorn crops is discussed</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherubini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gartner, Barbara L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tognetti, Roberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bräker, Otto U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schoch, Werner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INNES, JOHN L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Identification, measurement and interpretation of tree rings in woody species from mediterranean climates.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendrochronology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecophysiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fraxinus ornus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean tree rings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pubescens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood anatomy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12620063</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119 - 148</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We review the literature dealing with mediterranean climate, vegetation, phenology and ecophysiology relevant to the understanding of tree-ring formation in mediterranean regions. Tree rings have been used extensively in temperate regions to reconstruct responses of forests to past environmental changes. In mediterranean regions, studies of tree rings are scarce, despite their potential for understanding and predicting the effects of global change on important ecological processes such as desertification. In mediterranean regions, due to the great spatio-temporal variability of mediterranean environmental conditions, tree rings are sometimes not formed. Often, clear seasonality is lacking, and vegetation activity is not always associated with regular dormancy periods. We present examples of tree-ring morphology of five species (Arbutus unedo, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus cerris, Q. ilex, Q. pubescens) sampled in Tuscany, Italy, focusing on the difficulties we encountered during the dating. We present an interpretation of anomalies found in the wood structure and, more generally, of cambial activity in such environments. Furthermore, we propose a classification of tree-ring formation in mediterranean environments. Mediterranean tree rings can be dated and used for dendrochronological purposes, but great care should be taken in selecting sampling sites, species and sample trees.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 12620063</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borges, Ana Eleonora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Almeida, Victor Valente</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">da Silva, António Morais</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Análise da Estratégia Fenodinâmica de Cistus salvifolius em Três Locais Distintos (Pinhal de Leiria, Cabeção e Odemira)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva Lusitana</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecomorphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">edaphic factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">srubs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">underground</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">235 - 245</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0870-6352 UL - http://www.scielo.gpeari.mctes.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-63522002000200009&amp;nrm=iso</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We describe the phenomorphological strategy of Cistus salvifolius found in pine woods of the Leiria region and in cork oak woodlands of Alentejo (Cabeção and Odemira north and Odemira south). An analysis is made of the evolution of the biological cycle as a function of climatic changes</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: scielopt</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Mozo, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galan, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aira, M. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling start of oak pollen season in different climatic zones in Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aerobiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">threshold temperature</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192302000035</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">110</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">247 - 257</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pollen and meteorological data for several years from eight sites in Spain have been statistically analysed to select the threshold temperature and calculate the mean heat accumulation for predicting the Quercus pollination start in different climatic areas. The growing degree days method, which assumes the daily temperature varies as a sine wave, was used for heat accumulation calculations. Threshold temperatures between 4 and 12 ◦ C were chosen using linear regression equations forced through the origin and their root mean square error (RMSE) of predicted against the observed dates for each observation site. Above the threshold, the average growing degree days (up to 1999) for the studied years was taken as the predictor value. Results showed a relationship between the selected threshold and elevation and a stronger and statistically signiﬁcant correlation between threshold and yearly mean temperature, for each site. Regression analysis indicated that the selected threshold and the calculated heat accumulation were optimum for most of the localities. The validity of the results was tested using the meteorological data for the year 2000 as independent variable and this conﬁrmed that there were only a few days difference between the predicted and observed day of the ﬁrst pollen release for most of the studied localities</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crescente, M. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gratani, Loretta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larcher, Walter</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shoot growth efficiency and production of Quercus ilex L. in different climates</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flora-Morphology, Distribution, …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Net photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative growth rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shoot length growth efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shoot production</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367253004700018</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">197</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2 - 9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural and functional traits of Quercus ilex L. were monitored in plants growing in the climax area (Castelporziano, Rome; site A) and at the northern distribution limit (Nago, Trento; site B) in Italy. The most distinctive climatic differences between the two sites were duration and frequency of drought, heat spells in summer at site A, and the occurrence of frost and sub-zero temperatures in winter at site B. The potential productivity of Quercus ilex lies in its tendency to be slow growing with maximum vegetative activity from the end of April to the end of June at Castelporziano, and from the middle of May to the middle of July at Nago, when air temperatures favoured the highest photosynthetic rates (90–100%). The lower shoot biomass production at site B was due to the lower relative growth rates in shoot length (RGRl &lt; 20%) and in shoot dry mass (RGRm &lt;11%). The lower shoot length growth efficiency (LE &lt; 62%) at the northern limit was related to the low temperatures in winter and beginning of spring which reduced favourable periods (&lt;20% than site A) for photosynthetic carbon gain and growth dynamics. It resulted in a lower total leaf surface area per shoot (&lt;60% than site A) and a reduced shoot leaf mass (&lt;31%).</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-mozo, Herminia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hidalgo, Pablo J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galán, Carmen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Casero, Maria Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Domínguez, Eugenio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catkin frost damage in Mediterranean cork-oak (Quercus suber L.).</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Israel Journal of Plant Sciences</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CATKIN-bearing plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flowers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fruit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLANT spores</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POLLEN (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=a9h&amp;AN=14592103&amp;lang=pt-br&amp;site=ehost-live&amp;scope=site</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41 - 47</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During a period of study of floral phenology and pollen production in the cork-oak, Quercus suber L. (199799), an interruption of catkin development was detected in spring 1998. The cause might have been a sharp drop in minimum temperatures during that period, which coincided with the initial stages of microsporogenesis. Results show that environmental temperatures close to 0 ºC halted microsporogenesis and catkinelongation, resulting in their complete death. No fruits were observed in the affected zone, as a possible consequence of the lack of pollen. Phenological, histological, andaerobiological data are analyzed as a whole in order to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon. Cold spells during flowering may be one of the factors influencing the high interannual variability of acorn production in Quercus species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 14592103; García-Mozo, Herminia 1; Email Address: bv2gamoh@uco.es Hidalgo, Pablo J. 1 Galán, Carmen 1 Gómez-Casero, Maria Teresa 1 Domínguez, Eugenio 1; Affiliation: 1: Departamento de Biología Vegetal (División Botánica), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario Rabanales, Cordova CP-14071, Spain; Source Info: 2001, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p41; Subject Term: FLOWERS; Subject Term: PHENOLOGY; Subject Term: POLLEN; Subject Term: CORK oak; Subject Term: CATKIN-bearing plants; Subject Term: PLANT spores; Subject Term: FRUIT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 445230 Fruit and Vegetable Markets; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424480 Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: ArticleAccession Number: 14592103; García-Mozo, Herminia 1; Email Address: bv2gamoh@uco.es Hidalgo, Pablo J. 1 Galán, Carmen 1 Gómez-Casero, Maria Teresa 1 Domínguez, Eugenio 1; Affiliation: 1: Departamento de Biología Vegetal (División Botánica), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario Rabanales, Cordova CP-14071, Spain; Source Info: 2001, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p41; Subject Term: FLOWERS; Subject Term: PHENOLOGY; Subject Term: POLLEN; Subject Term: CORK oak; Subject Term: CATKIN-bearing plants; Subject Term: PLANT spores; Subject Term: FRUIT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 445230 Fruit and Vegetable Markets; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424480 Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: ArticleThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Laser Pages Publishing Ltd.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fialho, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of cork removal on the radial growth and phenology of young cork oak trees</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork removal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radial growth</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112700003339</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">251 - 258</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3512136346</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of the removal of cork was studied in 11-years old cork oak trees (Quercus suber L.), growing in favorable conditions, in relation to phenology and radial growth during two years. Longevity of leaves was 14±15 months (1996, 1998) and 10 months (1997). Bud burst started in mid-February and leaf ¯ushing in April, extending until June. Neither a distinct two-period ¯ushing nor an autumn bud burst or leaf ¯ushing were observed. Radial growth started in mid-April and continued until the end of November, with the maximum growth in June and July. In trees with the removal of cork, leaf abscission occurred a little earlier and new branches had on average 23% fewer new leaves. The radial growth of the trees and its general seasonal pattern were not affected by cork removal in the year of removal or in the year after. The only observation was a shift of the maximum radial growth rate from June to July for the trees where cork had been removed</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortet, Jérôme</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poinsot-Balaguer, Nicole</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collembola populations under sclerophyllous coppices in Provence (France): comparison between two types of vegetation, Quercus ilex L. and Quercus coccifera L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collembola</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus coccifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1146609X98800477</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">413 - 424</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A comparative analysis of soil Collembola using two types of sclerophyllous vegetation (Quercus ilex and Quercus cocc@ru) was performed at a calcareous site in Provence (France). Collembola populations were examined over a one-year period (1 I successive months) in three different soil layers. Although no statistically significant differences could be observed for Collembola abundance and diversity, multivariate analyses (FCA) differentiated the two coppices. Phenologies of some species showed specific responses to the microclimate induced by edaphic conditions. Even though the two coppices were sclerophyllous, the structure of each vegetation, the quantity and quality of litter, which were dif- ferent, could influence environmental conditions and thus the dynamics of collembolan populations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveira, Graca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, Otflia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenological and growth patterns of the Mediterranean oak Quercus suber L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees-Structure and …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">specific leaf weight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/r14387032226767q.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41 - 46</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The phenology of Quercus suber L., a dominant species of the montados in the Iberian Peninsula, was studied for 2 years in southwest Portugal. The seasonal progression of phenological events was analyzed in seven trees. Selected branches were examined monthly for shoot elongation, leaf number, branching, flowering, and fruiting. Radial stem growth and specific leaf weight were also studied. Active growth was observed from early spring to early summer. Reserves accumulated during winter and high photosynthetic activity in early spring apparently supported this strong development. The growth flush started with stem radial increment, which seemed to be impaired by spring rainfall. Male inflorescence production was the next phenological event. Old leaves were shed during new twig and leaf emergence. Shoot elongation and the number of new leaves produced were well correlated with the previous-year shoot's length, and were not clearly related to climatic factors. Radial growth resumed in au- tumn at a lower rate than in the previous spring, a possible consequence of a reserve depletion due to lower photo- synthetic production in summer and investment on fruit maturation, which was complete by late autumn. Premature and excessive new leaf production were apparently sub- jected to self-pruning strategies related to the development of each tree's crown. Younger cork-oaks produced shorter and fewer shoots per module, and more sclerophyllous leaves than the older ones. A high intra-specific variability was observed in all the results.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveira, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Werner, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mertens, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, O.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFLUENCIA DE LA POSICION DE LA COPA SOBRE LA FENOLOGIA y LAS RELACIONES HIDRICAS DEL ALCORNOQUE (QUERCUS SUBER L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congreso Forestal Español, Lourizán - Pontevedra. 1993</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crown position</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal eonductance 1)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">277 - 282</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A tree crown may be seen as a large and heterogeneous population of branches and leaves, unequally subjected to the environmental factors. It is thus questionable if studies on a few leaves or a branch will be a good approach to the whole canopy. This is particularly important in the field, where the applieation of ecophysiological measurements to mature (and generally large) trees presents obvious human and financial problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effeet of different levels and directions within the' crown on the phenology and water relations of a typieal cork-oak in south Portugal. Our preliminary results show that the parts of the erown exposed to higher radiation value~ present a stronger growth and biomass production (direetion effect). Crown level was not clearly related to the results, suggesting that the &quot;height effect&quot; is not very important in trees with wide and diffuse crowns like the ones occurring in the montado systems.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Congreso Forestal Español, Lourizán - Pontevedra. 1993</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferente, Adriana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Note floristiche e fenologiche nel territorio di Arneo (Fra Taranto e Gallipoli)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giornale botanico italiano</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taranto Golf</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1952</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1952///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263505209431537</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">287 - 303</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Summary The author describes the vegetation and phenology of a Quercus Ilex wood in the Comprensorio dell'Arneo, betwen Taranto and Gallipoli along the eastern shore of the Ionian Sea (Golfo di Taranto). The wood consists partly of a degraded bushy vegetation. The wood was visited eleven times during the year and each time species found flowering were noted (Table at pp 296?301): the greatest number of them, many being therothytes, was found on April 21rst (fig. 2) with about a month's delay in comparison with Palestine (Gindel). In May there is a considerable i decrease in number of species flowering. In summer and winter, because of drought and low temperature very few species, mostly geophytes, were found flowering, and only slightly but markedly more in Autum.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record></records></xml>