<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALADOS, C L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELAICH, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAPANASTASIS, V P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OZBEK, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, H</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, William G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, Fausto</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MONITORING TOOLS TO ASSESS VEGETATION SUCCESSIONAL REGRESSION AND PREDICT CATASTROPHIC SHIFTS AND DESERTIFICATION IN MEDITERRANEAN RANGELAND ECOSYSTEMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">matorral (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial pattern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Submitted</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Netherlands</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The relationship between grazing intensity and ecosystem performance is complex and can depend on the prevailing ecological conditions. Previous studies have revealed that, in traditional grazing ecosystems, grazing can reduce ecosystem diversity in poor soils, but increase diversity and productivity in rich ecosystems subject to moderate grazing pressure. We are interested in detecting long-term structural changes or drift in an ecosystem before it is too late to prevent irreversible degradation. We analyzed vegetation spatial patterns and complexities of four Mediterranean communities: Tihmadit Region (Middle Atlas, Morocco), Camiyayla (Namrum) Region (Taurus Mountain, Turkey), Sykia Region (south of the Sithonia Peninsula, Greece), and Cabo de Gata Nijar Natural Park, Spain. Grazing disturbance was most intense near shelter and water points, which lead to gradients in soil surface disruption, compaction, and changes in the composition and cover of perennial vegetation. Dense matorral was more resistant to species loss than were moderately dense and scattered matorral, and grassland. Information fractal dimension decreased as we moved from a dense matorral to a discontinuous matorral, and increased as we moved to a more scattered matorral and to a grassland, which resulted in two opposing processes (interaction declining with ecosystem development, and immigration increasing with degradation) in a common pattern, i.e., small patches homogeneously distributed in the landscape. Characteristic species of the natural vegetation declined in frequency and organization in response to higher grazing disturbance, while species of disturbed areas exhibited the opposite trend. Overall, the spatial organization of the characteristic plants of each community decreased with increasing vegetation degradation, with the intensity of the trend being related to the species’ sensitivity to grazing. Developmental instability analyses of key species were used to determine the sensitivity of dominant key species to grazing pressure. Palatable species, which are better adapted to being eaten, such as Periploca laevigata, Phillyrea latifolia and Genista pseudopilosa, were able to resist moderate grazing pressure, while species of disturbed, grazed sites did not change developmental instability in response to increasing grazing pressure, such as Thymus hyemalis, Teucrium lusitanicum and Cistus monspeliensis. The usefulness of these monitoring tools in preventing land degradation is discussed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ESTEVE-RAVENTóS, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inocybe aureocitrina (Inocybaceae), a new species of section Rimosae from Mediterranean evergreen oak forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evergreen oak forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inocybe fastigiata var. cerina</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inocybe obsoleta var. lutea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spanish mycobiota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">taxonomy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The new agaricoid species Inocybe aureocitrina, belonging to section Rimosae, is described and illustrated based on morphological and ecological characters. It is recognized by the pale citrine yellow when young to golden yellow or orange yellow pileus colour at maturity, habitat in evergreen oak calcareous forests and especially by the rather small spores, broadly ellipsoid and not reniform in profile. A comparison with the holotypes of two close taxa with yellowish colours, e.g. Inocybe obsoleta var. lutea and Inocybe fastigiata var. cerina, is presented. Illustrations of the macro- and micro-morphological features of this new species are given.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263504.2013.877532</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263504.2013.877532</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pecoraro, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angelini, Paola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arcangeli, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bistocchi, Giancarlo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gargano, Maria Letizia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosa, Alfonso La</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lunghini, Dario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polemis, Elias</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubini, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saitta, Alessandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venanzoni, Roberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zervakis, Georgios I</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macrofungi in Mediterranean maquis along seashore and altitudinal transects</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ectomycorrhizal species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">macromycetes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">molecular analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">saprotrophs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood-inhabiting fungi</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In semiarid Mediterranean environments, fungal activity is fundamental for buffering biotic and abiotic stress to the plant and for sustaining a vegetation cover. Despite the important role that fungi play in habitats stability, mycological data from Mediterranean ecosystems are scarce and fragmentary. We investigated fungal diversity in several areas characterized by Mediterranean maquis, from continental Italy, Sicily and Greece in order to contribute to the analysis of distribution, ecology and diversity of macrofungi in evergreen sclerophyllous shrublands at different elevation and distance from the seashore across the Mediterranean Basin. Several fungal taxa that are remarkable due to their ecology, rarity and limited geographical distribution were recovered. Among them, the ectomycorrhizal species Amanita dunensis and A. valens were recorded for the first time in Italy. The wood-inhabiting macrofungi, Aleurodiscus dextrinoideocerussatus, Peniophorella tsugae, Perenniporia meridionalis, Phanerochaete martelliana, Vararia ochroleuca and six Peniophora species were reported for the first time in Greece. Some species, such as Gloeodontia columbiensis, Ceriporia aurantiocarnescens, Peniophora pithya and P. tamaricicola were collected on new substrates. For the two rare basidiomycetes Amanita eliae and Battarrea phalloides, molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis gave valuable information on their relationship with similar taxa.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263504.2013.877535</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263504.2013.877535</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanz, Almudena San Roman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez, Catherine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouillot, Florent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrat, Lila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Istria, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pasqualini, Vanina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long-Term Forest Dynamics and Land-Use Abandonment in the Mediterranean Mountains, Corsica, France</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical archives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human population</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape patterns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESILIENCE ALLIANCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human practices have had an impact on Mediterranean ecosystems for millennia, particularly through agricultural and pastoral activities. Since the mid-19th century, land-use abandonment has led to the expansion of shrubland and forest, especially in the mountainous areas of the northern Mediterranean basin. Knowledge of these factors is vital to understanding present forest patterns and predicting future forest dynamics in the Mediterranean mountains. We aimed to analyze and understand how land-use abandonment affected spatial modifications of landscapes in two study areas, 44,000 ha and 60,000 ha, located on the island of Corsica, France, representing a typical Mediterranean environment with chestnut forests. Our approach used land-cover archive documents from 1774, 1913, 1975, and 2000, and human population history, 1770 to present day, to describe landscape patterns following land-use abandonment. This research showed that dramatic changes in landscape at the two study areas were caused by the suspension of human influence and the interruption of traditional farming practices. Over the study period, both study sites showed significant reforestation of shrubland and cultivated areas marked by the presence of Quercus ilex forests (+3.40% yr-1 between 1975 and 2000) and by Pinus pinaster (+3.00% yr-1 between 1975 and 2000) at one study site that had experienced heavy rural exodus. At the same time, areas containing chestnut forests decreased by 50% between 1774 and 2000 (-0.09% yr-1 between 1774 and 1975 and -1.42% yr-1 between 1975 and 2000). Shrubland expansion remained limited at both study sites. Our study highlights the value of small-scale approaches for understanding the ecological consequences of land-use abandonment and present and future land-management decisions. Discussion concludes on the importance of working with long-term series for studies on resilience in social-ecological systems and on the consequences in terms of provision of ecosystem services.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, Joan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guenther, Alex</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapparini, Francesca</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal variations in terpene emission factors of dominant species in four ecosystems in NE Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatic gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terpenes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231013000125</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149 - 158</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We studied the daily patterns in the rates of foliar terpene emissions by four typical species from the Mediterranean region in two days of early spring and two days of summer in 4 localities of increasing biomass cover in Northern Spain. The species studied were Thymelaea tinctoria (in Monegros), Quercus coccifera (in Garraf), Quercus ilex (in Prades) and Fagus sylvatica (in Montseny). Of the total 43 VOCs detected, 23 were monoterpenes, 5 sesquiterpenes and 15 were not terpenes. Sesquiterpenes were the main terpenes emitted from T. tinctoria. Total VOC emission rates were on average about 15 times higher in summer than in early spring. The maximum rates of emission were recorded around midday. Emissions nearly stopped in the dark. No significant differences were found for nocturnal total terpene emission rates between places and seasons. The seasonal variations in the rate of terpene emissions and in their chemical composition can be explained mainly by dramatic changes in emission factors (emission capacity) associated in some cases, such as for beech trees, with very different foliar ontogenical characteristics between spring and summer. The results show that temperature and light-standardised emission rates were on average about 15 times higher in summer than in early spring, which, corroborating other works, calls to attention when applying the same emission factor in modelling throughout the different seasons of the year.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, Joan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guenther, Alex</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapparini, Francesca</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal variations in terpene emission factors of dominant species in four ecosystems in NE Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatic gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terpenes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149-158</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We studied the daily patterns in the rates of foliar terpene emissions by four typical species from the Mediterranean region in two days of early spring and two days of summer in 4 localities of increasing biomass cover in Northern Spain. The species studied were Thymelaea tinctoria (in Monegros), Quercus coccifera (in Garraf), Quercus ilex (in Prades) and Fagus sylvatica (in Montseny). Of the total 43 VOCs detected, 23 were monoterpenes, 5 sesquiterpenes and 15 were not terpenes. Sesquiterpenes were the main terpenes emitted from T. tinctoria. Total VOC emission rates were on average about 15 times higher in summer than in early spring. The maximum rates of emission were recorded around midday. Emissions nearly stopped in the dark. No significant differences were found for nocturnal total terpene emission rates between places and seasons. The seasonal variations in the rate of terpene emissions and in their chemical composition can be explained mainly by dramatic changes in emission factors (emission capacity) associated in some cases, such as for beech trees, with very different foliar ontogenical characteristics between spring and summer. The results show that temperature and light-standardised emission rates were on average about 15 times higher in summer than in early spring, which, corroborating other works, calls to attention when applying the same emission factor in modelling throughout the different seasons of the year.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramón Vallejo, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smanis, Athanasios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chirino, Esteban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramo, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fuentes, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valdecantos, Alejandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilagrosa, Alberto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perspectives in dryland restoration: approaches for climate change adaptation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Forests</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursery cultivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species selection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water harvesting</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9325-9</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">561 - 579</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1105601293</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reforestation efforts in dryland ecosystems frequently encounter drought and limited soil productivity, although both factors usually interact synergistically to worsen water stress for outplanted seedlings. Land degradation in drylands (e.g. desertiﬁcation) usually reduces soil productivity and, especially, soil water availability. In dry sub-humid regions, forest ﬁres constitute a major disturbance affecting ecosystem dynamics and reforestation planning. Climate change projections indicate an increase of drought and more severe ﬁre regime in many dryland regions of the world. In this context, the main target of plantation technology development is to overcome transplant shock and likely adverse periods, and in drylands this is mostly related to water limitations. In this paper, we discuss some selected steps that we consider critical for improving success in outplanting woody plants, both under current and projected climate change conditions including: (1) Plant species selection, (2) Improved nursery techniques, and (3) Improved planting techniques. The number of plant species used in reforestation is increasing rapidly, moving from a reduced set of well-known, easy-to-grow, widely used species, to a large variety of promising native species. Available technologies allow for reintroducing native plants and recovering critical ecosystem functions for many degraded drylands. However, climate change projections introduce large uncertainties about the sustainability of current reforestation practices. To cope with these uncertainties, adaptive restoration approaches are suggested, on the basis of improved plant quality, improved techniques for optimizing rain use efﬁciency in plantations, and exploring native plant species, including provenances and genotypes, for their resilience to ﬁre and water use efﬁciency.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Springer Netherlands</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González González, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grau Corbí, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández Cancio, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiménez Ballesta, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González Cascón, M. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil carbon stocks and soil solution chemistry in Quercus ilex stands in Mainland Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean ecosystems á soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus ilex á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil carbon stocks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil carbon stocks á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil solution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solution á dehesa</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10342-012-0623-8http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10342-012-0623-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1653 - 1667</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The quantiﬁcation of terrestrial carbon pools is important for the modeling of carbon ﬂuxes in forest ecosystems. As a contribution to the understanding of the factors that inﬂuence the carbon sequestration capacity of Mediterranean forest soils, the present study focuses on the quantiﬁcation of the superﬁcial soil carbon stocks in evergreen oak stands (Quercus ilex L.) representative of its distribution area in Mainland Spain and to analyze the inﬂuence of site factors (climate and topography) and the soil chemical properties in the topsoil carbon storage capacity. For that purpose, 103 Quercus ilex stands were studied grouped in four main formations: 40 wooded grassland ecosystems with scattered oak trees (dehesas), 14 open Holm oak stands, 28 mixed Holm oak forests and 21 dense Holm oak forests. The soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) in the upper organo-mineral soil layer ranged between 1.4–15.6 kg m -2 and total soil carbon stocks (TSCS) between 1.4–17.9 kg m -2 . Tree density was a signiﬁcant factor for SOC storage in the soil. The wooded grassland dehesas presented the minimum superﬁcial SOC stocks (3.6 kg m -2 ), while dense Holm oak forests reached the maximum average values (7.6 kg m -2 ). Maximum SOCS ([10 kg m -2 ) were measured in the mixed and dense Holm oak forests over soils with calcareous substrates. Summer mean temperature (R = -0.46; P\0.001) was the climatic variable that most inﬂuenced the SOCS. Soil properties had stronger positive correlations with SOCS than site factors: nitrogen concentrations (R = 0.70; P\0.001), clay content (R = 0.62; P\0.001), soluble calcium (R = 0.60; P\0.001) and magnesium (R = 0.42; P\0.001). Climatic and topographic variables together explained 30 % of the SOCS variability. An increase up to 63 % was obtained by including soil variables. Under Mediterranean climate conditions, the soil properties that enhance the organic matter protection achieve a notable relevance. The soil carbon storage is favored by large organic matter inputs, high soil clay contents, a calcium-saturated soil matrix and reduced summer aridity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Otieno, D. O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirzaei, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hussain, M. Z.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Y. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, M. W. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wartinger, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jung, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribeiro, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tenhunen, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herbaceous layer development during spring does not deplete soil nitrogen in the Portuguese montado</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Arid Environments</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomass development of the herbaceous vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and soil nitrogen pools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portuguese montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root distribution and nutrient uptake</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil moisture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196310002922</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">231 - 238</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen (N) content in the soil and in the herbaceous biomass were monitored during spring of 2004e2006 to determine how the herbaceous layer development inﬂuences soil N availability in the montado ecosystem of southern Portugal. Highest (246.6 52.7 g m2 ) and lowest (123.2 89.5 g m2 ) peak biomass occurred in 2006 and 2005 respectively. Total soil N within the top 20 cm soil proﬁle ranged between 0.2 0.1% in February and 0.41 0.2% in May, while available soil N was lowest (5 2 mg g 1 soil) in February but increased three-to-ﬁve fold in March and was &gt;17.5 mg g 1 soil at senescence in May. Signiﬁcant (p &lt; 0.001) increase in total N in the aboveground pool occurred between February and May. There was however, no decay in soil N content. Instead, the herbaceous vegetation enhanced soil N input and N retention in the ecosystem. Most of the herbaceous plants were annuals with large reserves of organic N at senescence, which returned to the soil as detritus. The herbaceous vegetation is a critical component of the montado that contributes to N recharge and cycling within the ecosystem</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">a. V. Lavoir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duffet, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouillot, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ratte, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnitzler, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staudt, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scaling-up leaf monoterpene emissions from a water limited Quercus ilex woodland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile organic compounds (BVOC)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water limitation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231011001294</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2888 - 2897</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems are large emitters of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), and recent studies illustrate how water stress can decrease these emissions even during hot summer. We present here a spatially explicit modelling experiment of BVOC emissions in a water-limited Mediterranean Region in Southern France dominated by Quercus ilex forests. Emission rates were estimated daily using a leaf-level emission model with appropriate up-scaling procedures. The model was based on Guenther’s empirical equations, where we inserted effects for water limitation and seasonality observed from ﬁeld measurements. Up-scaling from leaves to canopy was performed using Sellers’ theory. For each grid cell, climate variables were interpolated daily from meteorological stations. Incoming solar radiation was measured at one site and extrapolated for the all region based on slope and aspect. Soil properties were derived from pedological maps as well as a digital elevation model, while soil water content was evaluated daily using a bucket-type model. We estimated monoterpene emissions from Q. ilex woodlands to be 16 kt yr 1 (on average), with most emissions occurring in the summer. When including the water-limitation module, yearly emissions were 50% of the initial estimates, with a signiﬁcant decrease in the number of days with BVOC high emission peaks. This result highlights the importance of water control on determining air pollution peaks in Mediterranean areas and the need for scaling procedure in this area with its large range of strong emitter species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azul, Anabela Marisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sousa, João Paulo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agerer, Reinhard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martín, María P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use practices and ectomycorrhizal fungal communities from oak woodlands dominated by Quercus suber L. considering drought scenarios.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhiza</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ectomycorrhizal fungal community</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil diversity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19575241</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73 - 88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak woodlands in the Mediterranean basin have been traditionally converted into agro-silvo-pastoral systems and exemplified sustainable land use in Europe. In Portugal, in line with the trend of other European countries, profound changes in management options during the twentieth century have led to landscape simplification. Landscapes are dynamic and the knowledge of future management planning combining biological conservation and soil productivity is needed, especially under the actual scenarios of drought and increasing evidence of heavy oak mortality. We examined the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community associated with cork oak in managed oak woodlands (called montado) under different land use practices, during summer. ECM fungal richness and abundance were assessed in 15 stands established in nine montados located in the Alentejo region (southern Portugal), using morphotyping and ITS rDNA analysis. Parameters related to the montados landscape characteristics, land use history over the last 25 years, climatic and edaphic conditions were taken into account. Fifty-five ECM fungal taxa corresponding to the most abundant fungal symbionts were distinguished on cork oak roots. Cenococcum geophilum and the families Russulaceae and Thelephoraceae explained 56% of the whole ECM fungal community; other groups were represented among the community: Cortinariaceae, Boletaceae, Amanita, Genea, Pisolithus, Scleroderma, and Tuber. There were pronounced differences in ECM fungal community structure among the 15 montados stands: C. geophilum was the only species common to all stands, tomentelloid and russuloid species were detected in 87-93% of the stands, Cortinariaceae was detected in 60% of the stands, and the other groups were more unequally distributed. Ordination analysis revealed that ECM fungal richness was positively correlated with the silvo-pastoral exploitation regime and low mortality of cork oak, while ECM fungal abundance was positively correlated with extensive agro-silvo-pastoral exploitation under a traditional 9-year rotation cultivation system and recent soil tillage. The effects of land use on the ECM fungal community and its implications in different scenarios of landscape management options, oak mortality, and global warming are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 19575241</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, F. X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, P. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, J. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-fire tree mortality in mixed forests of central Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree survival</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildﬁres</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112710003816</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">260</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1184 - 1192</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildﬁres are a recurrent disturbance in the Mediterranean Basin. However, managers from this region are confronted with a lack of information on the effects of ﬁre on most woody species, which is required for deﬁning sustainable forest management strategies. Following a large wildﬁre in central Portugal (2003), we surveyed the area during the ﬁrst year and assessed the vegetative condition of 1040 burned trees from 11 different species. Among those trees, 755 individuals were selected and monitored annually for 4 years. At the end of the study, almost all the broadleaved trees survived, while most coniferous died. In spite of the low mortality observed in broadleaves, most were top-killed and regenerated only from basal resprouts, which implies a slow recovering process. Quercus suber, however, showed vigorous post-ﬁre crown resprouting and was the most resilient species. We ﬁtted logistic regression models to predict the probability of individual tree mortality and top-kill from ﬁre injury indicators and tree characteristics. Besides the differences between the two main functional groups (coniferous, broadleaved), bole char height and crown volume scorched or consumed were important predictors of tree responses. Additionally, the main factor determining crown mortality on broadleaved species was bark thickness. The selected models performed well when tested with independent data obtained on four other wild- ﬁres. These models have several potential applications and can be useful to managers making pre-ﬁre or post-ﬁre decisions in mixed forest stands in the western Mediterranean Basin.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-González, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbosa, a Márcia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carranza, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torres-Porras, Jerónimo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative Effect of Food Supplementation and Natural Resources on Female Red Deer Distribution in a Mediterranean Ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Wildlife Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cervus elaphus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental resources</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">female aggregation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mating system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial analyses</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2193/2009-130</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1701 - 1708</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supplementary feeding is a widespread game management practice in several red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations, with important potential consequences on the biology of this species. In Mediterranean ecosystems food supplementation occurs in the rutting period, when it may change mating system characteristics. We studied the role of food supplementation relative to natural resources in the spatial distribution, aggregation, and mean harem size of females in Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) during the rut. We studied 30 red deer populations of southwestern Spain, 63% of which experienced supplementary feeding. Using multivariate spatial analyses we found that food supplementation affected distribution of females in 95% of the populations in which it occurred. Green meadows present during the mating season acted as an important natural resource influencing female distribution. Additionally, the level of female aggregation and mean harem size were significantly higher in those populations in which food supplementation determined female distribution than in populations in which female distribution did not depend on supplementary feeding. Because female aggregation and mean harem size are key elements in sexual selection, supplementary feeding may constitute an important anthropogenic element with potential evolutionary implications for populations of Iberian red deer.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lombardi, Ludgarda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, Néstor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Sacramento</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat use and spatial behaviour in the European rabbit in three Mediterranean environments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basic and Applied Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doñana National Park</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat selection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Home range size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oryctolagus cuniculus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">predation risk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prey behaviour</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource availability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1439179106000880</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">453 - 463</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The abundance and behaviour of mammalian prey species such as the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are known to be regulated by the availability of both food for maintenance and reproduction and shelter for protection against predators and harsh weather. However, the effect of vegetation structure and temporal variations in food availability on habitat selection and spatial behaviour are still poorly understood. The present study investigated the relationship between rabbit spatial ecology and vegetation structure and food quality and quantity in three neighbouring areas in SW Spain that differed in the distribution and amount of refuge sites and food patches. In all, 35 rabbits were radiotracked in the three study areas and home range and core area sizes in different seasons and at different times of the day estimated. Spatial behaviour was then compared with parameters of vegetation cover and food quantity and quality. Lastly, rabbit habitat selection at two levels was studied: home range selection and selection within home ranges. Home range size varied from one study area and season to another, but was not dependent on either sex or the availability or quality of food. We suggest that differences in home range size between study areas respond to differences in vegetation cover, with smaller home ranges in areas with higher proportion of sheltering vegetation. It was found that habitat selection patterns varied between the three areas in terms of the need for rabbits to exploit to a maximum the scarcest resource in each situation, thereby optimising access to both feeding and refuge patches. This pattern was manifest at the home range level of habitat selection but not at the level of selection within home ranges. Findings were consistent with the high behavioural plasticity of the European rabbit in its native habitats and provide useful information for habitat management.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Falcão, André O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borges, Jose G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Designing decision support tools for Mediterranean forest ecosystems management: a case study in Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision support systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prescription simulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2005061</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">751 - 760</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effectiveness of Mediterranean forest ecosystem management calls for the conceptualization and implementation of adequate decision support tools. The proposed decision support system encompasses a management information system, a prescription simulator, a constraint generator and a set of management models designed to solve decision problems. Emphasis is on the architecture of the prescription simulator and its linkage to the three other modules, as well as on methods for reporting and visualizing solutions. Results are discussed for a real world test case – Serra de Grândola, a management area with about 18 600 ha comprising 860 cork oak (Quercus suber L.) land units. Cork oak silviculture adds complexity to the traditional forest management problem. Results show that the devised system is able to address effectively the integration of ecosystem data, silviculture, growth-and-yield and management models. They further suggest that the proposed system architecture may help address the complexity of Mediterranean ecosystem management problems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Falcão, André O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borges, José G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Designing decision support tools for Mediterranean forest ecosystems management: a case study in Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision support systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prescription simulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">751-760</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effectiveness of Mediterranean forest ecosystem management calls for the conceptualization and implementation of adequate decision support tools. The proposed decision support system encompasses a management information system, a prescription simulator, a constraint generator and a set of management models designed to solve decision problems. Emphasis is on the architecture of the prescription simulator and its linkage to the three other modules, as well as on methods for reporting and visualizing solutions. Results are discussed for a real world test case – Serra de Grândola, a management area with about 18 600 ha comprising 860 cork oak (Quercus suber L.) land units. Cork oak silviculture adds complexity to the traditional forest management problem. Results show that the devised system is able to address effectively the integration of ecosystem data, silviculture, growth-and-yield and management models. They further suggest that the proposed system architecture may help address the complexity of Mediterranean ecosystem management problems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hill, Joachim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hostert, Patrick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Röder, Achim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long-Term Observation of Mediterranean Ecosystems with Satellite Remote Sensing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recent Dynamics of the Mediterranean Vegetation and Landscape</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">earth observation satellites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landsat data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NOAA-AVHRR1 satellite system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">satellite remote sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semi-natural ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPOT-satellite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation dynamics (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33-43</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9780470093719</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This chapter contains sections titled: * Introduction * Remote Sensing Concepts * The Analysis of Environmental Change with Landsat Satellites * Discussion * Acknowledgements</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hill, Joachim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hostert, Patrick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Röder, Achim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long-Term Observation of Mediterranean Ecosystems with Satellite Remote Sensing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recent Dynamics of the Mediterranean Vegetation and Landscape</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">earth observation satellites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landsat data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NOAA-AVHRR1 satellite system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">satellite remote sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semi-natural ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPOT-satellite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation dynamics (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470093714.ch4</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33 - 43</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9780470093719</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This chapter contains sections titled: * Introduction * Remote Sensing Concepts * The Analysis of Environmental Change with Landsat Satellites * Discussion * Acknowledgements</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Recent Dynamics of the Mediterranean Vegetation and Landscape&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: 10.1002/0470093714.ch4</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Beaulieu, J.-L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miras, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrieu-Ponel, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guiter, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation dynamics in north-western Mediterranean regions: Instability of the Mediterranean bioclimate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">palaeoclimates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">palynology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">review</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263500500197858</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114 - 126</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Pollen and plant macrofossil records from a selection of sites in Spain, France and Italy are used to explore the origin and the development of the Mediterranean vegetation. The role of evergreen and summergreen taxa is discussed. The expansion of sclerophyllous trees during the Pleistocene interglacials is well correlated with the orbital forcing. During the Holocene, the large number of data illustrates latitudinal and longitudinal differences in vegetation dynamics. Multidisciplinary studies identify short terms climatic fluctuations. The debate is still open between those who attribute an increase of sclerophyllous forests during the late Holocene to a trend toward aridity and those who consider this dynamic as human-induced.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263500500197858doi: 10.1080/11263500500197858The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martı́nez-Fernández, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luengo-Ugidos, Miguel Ángel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of rainfall trends and dry periods on a pluviometric gradient representative of Mediterranean climate in the Duero Basin, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Arid Environments</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dry spells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">duero basin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196303001307</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215 - 233</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present work studies the trends in rainfall and the behaviour of dry spells along a pluviometric gradient representative of the conditions of the Mediterranean region. The region is characterized by a marked water deﬁcit in the summer, a pronounced irregularity in its rainfall regime, and a noteworthy frequency of dry spells or periods without appreciable rainfall. The results obtained conﬁrm the general previsions of the IPCC, with a predominance of dry years over wet ones and a negative rainfall trend in the central sector. An increase in intra-annual variability in rainfall, and a very pronounced occurrence of dry periods independent of the total annual rainfall, are also seen. These circumstances will potentially increase the vulnerability of several Mediterranean ecosystems located along the gradient that are currently subject to considerable pressure from human activities; this will increase the environmental problems of these zones (agro-forestry–grazing productivity, soil degradation, recharge of aquifers, forest ﬁres, runoff models, biological diversity and composition, etc.).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martı́nez-Fernández, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luengo-Ugidos, Miguel Ángel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of rainfall trends and dry periods on a pluviometric gradient representative of Mediterranean climate in the Duero Basin, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Arid Environments</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dry spells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">duero basin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215-233</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present work studies the trends in rainfall and the behaviour of dry spells along a pluviometric gradient representative of the conditions of the Mediterranean region. The region is characterized by a marked water deﬁcit in the summer, a pronounced irregularity in its rainfall regime, and a noteworthy frequency of dry spells or periods without appreciable rainfall. The results obtained conﬁrm the general previsions of the IPCC, with a predominance of dry years over wet ones and a negative rainfall trend in the central sector. An increase in intra-annual variability in rainfall, and a very pronounced occurrence of dry periods independent of the total annual rainfall, are also seen. These circumstances will potentially increase the vulnerability of several Mediterranean ecosystems located along the gradient that are currently subject to considerable pressure from human activities; this will increase the environmental problems of these zones (agro-forestry–grazing productivity, soil degradation, recharge of aquifers, forest ﬁres, runoff models, biological diversity and composition, etc.).</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardans, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Increasing drought decreases phosphorus availability in an evergreen Mediterranean forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mineralomasses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient concentrations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient cycles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phosphorus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">367-377</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems are water-limited and frequently also nutrient-limited. We aimed to investigate the effects of increasing drought, as predicted by GCM and eco-physiological models for the next decades, on the P cycle and P plant availability in a Mediterranean forest. We conducted a ﬁeld experiment in a mature evergreen oak forest, establishing four drought-treatment plots and four control plots (150 m2 each). After three years, the runoff and rainfall exclusion reduced an overall 22% the soil moisture, and the runoff exclusion alone reduced it 10%. The reduction of 22% in soil moisture produced a decrease of 40% of the accumulated aboveground plant P content, above all because there was a smaller increase in aerial biomass. The plant leaf P content increased by 100 ± 40 mg m−2 in the control plots, whereas it decreased by 40 ± 40 mg m−2 in the drought plots. The soil Po-NaHCO3 (organic labile-P fraction) increased by 25% in consonance with the increase in litterfall, while the inorganic labile-P fraction decreased in relation to the organic labile-P fraction up to 48%, indicating a decrease in microbial activity. Thus, after just three years of slight drought, a clear trend towards an accumulation of P in the soil and towards a decrease of P in the stand biomass was observed. The P accumulation in the soil in the drought plots was mainly in forms that were not directly available to plants. These indirect effects of drought including the decrease in plant P availability, may</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardans, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Increasing drought decreases phosphorus availability in an evergreen Mediterranean forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mineralomasses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient concentrations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient cycles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phosphorus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11104-005-0172-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">367 - 377</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems are water-limited and frequently also nutrient-limited. We aimed to investigate the effects of increasing drought, as predicted by GCM and eco-physiological models for the next decades, on the P cycle and P plant availability in a Mediterranean forest. We conducted a ﬁeld experiment in a mature evergreen oak forest, establishing four drought-treatment plots and four control plots (150 m2 each). After three years, the runoff and rainfall exclusion reduced an overall 22% the soil moisture, and the runoff exclusion alone reduced it 10%. The reduction of 22% in soil moisture produced a decrease of 40% of the accumulated aboveground plant P content, above all because there was a smaller increase in aerial biomass. The plant leaf P content increased by 100 ± 40 mg m−2 in the control plots, whereas it decreased by 40 ± 40 mg m−2 in the drought plots. The soil Po-NaHCO3 (organic labile-P fraction) increased by 25% in consonance with the increase in litterfall, while the inorganic labile-P fraction decreased in relation to the organic labile-P fraction up to 48%, indicating a decrease in microbial activity. Thus, after just three years of slight drought, a clear trend towards an accumulation of P in the soil and towards a decrease of P in the stand biomass was observed. The P accumulation in the soil in the drought plots was mainly in forms that were not directly available to plants. These indirect effects of drought including the decrease in plant P availability, may</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Vilalta, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piñol, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beven, K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A hydraulic model to predict drought-induced mortality in woody plants: an application to climate change in the Mediterranean</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drought-induced mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phillyrea latifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water transport</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438000200025X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">155</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127 - 147</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The potential effects of climate change on vegetation are of increasing concern. In the Mediterranean region, the dominant impact of climate change is expected to be through the modiﬁcation of water balance. In this paper we present a model developed to predict drought-induced mortality of woody plants under different climatic scenarios. The model is physiologically-based and simulates water transport within individual woody plants, which can be isolated or competing for a common water resource. The model assumes that plant mortality is controlled by the carbon balance: when the plant is unable to transport water to the leaves it ceases to acquire carbon and, if this situation lasts long enough, it can no longer survive. In the particular application that we report in this study, two evergreen species are compared, Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia, which were very differently affected by the acute drought that occurred in E Spain in summer 1994. While in some Q. ilex populations the amount of individuals that dried completely was up to 80%, P. latifolia showed almost no damage. During the years 1999 and 2000, canopy transpiration was monitored using sap-ﬂow sensors in individuals of these two species in a Holm-oak forest from NE Spain. A Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) approach was used to calibrate the model against sap-ﬂow measurements. The only difference between species that was introduced ‘a priori’ was that Q. ilex was more vulnerable to xylem embolism than P. latifolia (based on our own measurements in the study area). During the calibration process the information provided by the measured sap ﬂows was used to retain the more likely parameter sets for each species. These parameter sets were used in all the following simulations. The model was able to accurately simulate transpiration dynamics of the two species in the study area. When the meteorological conditions of summer 1994 were introduced, the model outputs also reproduced the differential impact that drought had on the two species studied. In the simulations under climate change two factors were explored: the increase in mean temperature (+1.5, +3 and +4.5 °C) through its effect on ET , and the duration of summer drought. Under any of the scenarios, mortalities were much higher for Q. ilex: while this species was predicted to survive with less than 5% mortality droughts of up to 84–94 days, the mortality of P. latifolia reached 5% between days 133 and 150. For droughts longer than 3 months, which is approximately the current drought duration in the study area for dry years, the mortality of Q. ilex increased sharply. These results are discussed in relation to the possible long-term impacts of climate change on Q. ilex-dominated forests</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infante, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Laureano, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merino, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphological and physiological response of two populations of Quercus ilex L. to SO2 fumigation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYTON-ANNALES REI BOTANICAE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulfur Dioxide</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FERDINAND BERGER SOEHNE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WIENER STRASSE 21-23, A-3580 HORN, AUSTRIA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73-81</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L., is the predominant evergreen schlerophyllous tree in the Mediterranean landscape of the Iberian Peninsula. Fruit acorns were collected in two populations located in the center (southern Spain) and at the northern border (northern Spain; a distance of 800 km) of the distribution area of Quercus ilex. One-month-old potted plants were grown for 130 days to a high SO2 concentration (0.23 ppm, 14 h d(-1)) under controlled climate conditions. Both northern and southern plants underwent a significant decrease in growth rate as a consequence of the treatment. Even so, plants appear to be quite resistant to SO2 compared with either more temperate or more productive species. The southern population was more sensitive to the treatment, as reflected by the bigger decrease in both growth and photosynthetic rates. Differences in resistance appear to be related to the biogeographic origin of the populations studied, which underlines the importance of biogeographic aspects in studies of resistance to air pollutants.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simon, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dutaur, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emissions by oak trees common to Mediterranean ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biogenic VOCS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission inventory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/VW35085L2155216K.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131 - 139</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An inventory describing the fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), isoprene and monoterpenes, and other VOCs (OVOCs) from the biosphere to the atmosphere, has been constructed within the framework of the ESCOMPTE project (fiEld experimentS to COnstrain Models of atmospheric Pollution and Transport of Emissions). The area concerned, located around Berre-Marseilles, is a Mediterranean region frequently subject to high ozone concentrations. The inventory has been developed using a fine scale land use database for the year 1999, forest composition statistics, emission potentials from individual plant species, biomass distribution, temperature and light intensity. The seasonal variations in emission potentials and biomass were also taken into account. Hourly meteorological data for 1999 were calculated from ALADIN data and these were used to predict the hourly isoprene, monoterpene and OVOC fluxes for the area on a 1 km × 1 km spatial grid. Estimates of annual biogenic isoprene, monoterpene and OVOC fluxes for the reference year 1999 were 20.6, 38.9 and 13.3 kt, respectively, Quercus pubescens, Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis and garrigue vegetation are the dominant emitting species of the area. VOC emissions from vegetation in this region contribute approximately 94% to the NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds) of natural origin and are of the same order of magnitude as NMVOC emissions from anthropogenic sources. These results complete the global ESCOMPTE database needed to make an efficient strategy for tropospheric ozone reduction policy.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simon, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dutaur, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emissions by oak trees common to Mediterranean ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biogenic VOCS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission inventory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131-139</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An inventory describing the fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), isoprene and monoterpenes, and other VOCs (OVOCs) from the biosphere to the atmosphere, has been constructed within the framework of the ESCOMPTE project (fiEld experimentS to COnstrain Models of atmospheric Pollution and Transport of Emissions). The area concerned, located around Berre-Marseilles, is a Mediterranean region frequently subject to high ozone concentrations. The inventory has been developed using a fine scale land use database for the year 1999, forest composition statistics, emission potentials from individual plant species, biomass distribution, temperature and light intensity. The seasonal variations in emission potentials and biomass were also taken into account. Hourly meteorological data for 1999 were calculated from ALADIN data and these were used to predict the hourly isoprene, monoterpene and OVOC fluxes for the area on a 1 km × 1 km spatial grid. Estimates of annual biogenic isoprene, monoterpene and OVOC fluxes for the reference year 1999 were 20.6, 38.9 and 13.3 kt, respectively, Quercus pubescens, Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis and garrigue vegetation are the dominant emitting species of the area. VOC emissions from vegetation in this region contribute approximately 94% to the NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds) of natural origin and are of the same order of magnitude as NMVOC emissions from anthropogenic sources. These results complete the global ESCOMPTE database needed to make an efficient strategy for tropospheric ozone reduction policy.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poli, B M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Focardi, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinelli, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Composition and metabolizable energy of feed used by fallow deer (Dama dama) in a coastal Mediterranean ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small Ruminant Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digestibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fallow deer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feed quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in vitro</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">103-109</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Data on the impact of a population of about 1000 (spring estimate) fallow deer (Dama &amp;ma) on eight shrubs and mono- and dicotyledonous plants were collecred in a coastal Mediterranean environment from December 1990 to March 1992. Four species of shrubs (Cistus salvifoiius, Phillyrea larifolia, Rubus ulmifolius. Quercus ibex) and mixed graminoids were preferentially consumed. In autumn-winter the acorns of several species, Q. cerris and Q. ilex in particular, were also consumed. We determined the chemical composition, in vivo digestibility coefficients and metabolizable energy content of the feed. On average, R. ulmifolius had the lowest fibre content (18% DM) and the highest protein content (12% DM), organic matter digestibility (59%) and metabolizable energy value (2083 kcal ME kg- ’ DM). C. saluifolius, P. fafifolia and mixed graminoids did not differ significantly in organic matter digestibility (OMD) and nutritive value (I 801, 1765 and 1557 kcal ME kg-’ DM, respectively), while Q. ilex had the lowest nutrient estimates with 32% OMD and 1362 kcal ME kg-’ DM. Forage quality traits usually peaked in spring and autumn. Metabolizable energy was positively correlated with protein, neutral detergent fibre and N-free extractives contents, and negatively correlated with the acid detergent fibre content. Acorns were generally highly digestible; in particular, the seed of Q. farniu and Q. ilex showed 80% and 83% OMD, respectively. In a Mediterranean environment the summer seems the most critical season for fallow deer. The results of this work are important for assessing the carrying capacity of wild Mediterranean ecosystems for fallow deer.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scarascia-Mugnozza, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long-term exposure to elevated in a natural Quercus ilex L. community: net photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency of PSII at different levels of water stress</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant, Cell &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlotophyll fluorescenee</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elevated [CO2]</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">643-654</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naturally grown trees of Mediterranean evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.), representing tbe climax species of tbe region, were enclosed in six large open-top chambers and exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations during a 3 year period. Maximum daily net photosynthetic rates measured at the two different CO2 concentrations were from 30 to 100% higher in elevated than in ambient [CO2] throughout the experimental period. The increase in maximum daily photosynthesis was also accompanied by a 93% rise in the apparent quantum yield of CO2 assimilation, measured during periods of optimum soil moisture conditions. Hence, no clear evidence of downregulation of net photosynthetic activity was found. Interactions between atmospheric CO2 concentration and plant water stress were studied by following the natural evolution of drought in different seasons and years. At each level of water stress, the maximum rate of carbon assimilation was higher in elevated than in ambient [CO2I by up to 100%. Analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in normal (21%) and low (2%) oxygen concentrations provided useful insights into the functioning and stability of the photosynthetic processes. The photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fy/F„,) progressively decreased as drought conditions became more evident; this trend was accentuated under elevated tCO2]. Thermal de-excitation processes were possibly more significant under elevated than Under ambient [CO2], in a combination of environmental stresses. This research suggests two possible conclusions: (i) a 'positive' interaction between elevated [CO2] and carbon metabolism can be obtained through relief of water stress limitation in the summer months, and (ii) elevated [CO2], under drought conditions, may also enhance the significance of slow-relaxing quenching.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piñol, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alcañiz, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roda, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide efflux and pCO 2 in soils of threeQuercus ilex montane forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogeochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon cycle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil atmosphere</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil respiration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/P8U8167914T25968.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191 - 215</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil CO2 efflux and pCO2 in the soil atmosphere were measured during one year at three montane sites of Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests in NE Spain. Two sites were located in the upper and lower slopes of a small catchment in the Prades mountains (mean precipitation 550 mm year-'), and a third site was located on a lower slope in the Montseny mountains (mean precipitation 900 mm year-'). The three sites were similar in bedrock and vegetation, but differed in soil characteristics and water availability. Seasonal variation of CO2 efflux and soil pCO2 were affected by soil temperature and, to a lesser extent, by soil moisture. Annual mean soil CO2 efflux (considered as soil respiration) was similar at Montseny and at the comparably located site at Prades (83 ± 18 S.E. vs. 75 4 9 mg CO2 m - 2 hour- , respectively), and was highest at the Prades upper slope site (122 ± 22 mg CO2 m -2 hour-l). Despite those relatively similar CO 2 effluxes, mean soil pCO2 was much higher at both Prades sites than at Montseny. Soil pCO2 always increased with depth at Prades while maxima pCO2 at Montseny were often at 20-30 cm depth. A model based on gas diffusion theory was able to explain why soil pCO2 was much higher at Prades than at Montseny, and to reproduce the shape of the vertical profile of pCO2 at the Prades soils. Nevertheless, the model failed to simulate the soil pCO2 maximum found at 20-30 cm depth at the Montseny site. Model simulations using a time-variable CO2 production rate suggested that pCO2 maxima at intermediate depth could be the result of a transient situation instead of an equilibrium one.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piñol, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alcañiz, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodà, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide efflux and pCO 2 in soils of threeQuercus ilex montane forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogeochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon cycle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil atmosphere</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil respiration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191-215</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil CO2 efflux and pCO2 in the soil atmosphere were measured during one year at three montane sites of Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests in NE Spain. Two sites were located in the upper and lower slopes of a small catchment in the Prades mountains (mean precipitation 550 mm year-'), and a third site was located on a lower slope in the Montseny mountains (mean precipitation 900 mm year-'). The three sites were similar in bedrock and vegetation, but differed in soil characteristics and water availability. Seasonal variation of CO2 efflux and soil pCO2 were affected by soil temperature and, to a lesser extent, by soil moisture. Annual mean soil CO2 efflux (considered as soil respiration) was similar at Montseny and at the comparably located site at Prades (83 ± 18 S.E. vs. 75 4 9 mg CO2 m - 2 hour- , respectively), and was highest at the Prades upper slope site (122 ± 22 mg CO2 m -2 hour-l). Despite those relatively similar CO 2 effluxes, mean soil pCO2 was much higher at both Prades sites than at Montseny. Soil pCO2 always increased with depth at Prades while maxima pCO2 at Montseny were often at 20-30 cm depth. A model based on gas diffusion theory was able to explain why soil pCO2 was much higher at Prades than at Montseny, and to reproduce the shape of the vertical profile of pCO2 at the Prades soils. Nevertheless, the model failed to simulate the soil pCO2 maximum found at 20-30 cm depth at the Montseny site. Model simulations using a time-variable CO2 production rate suggested that pCO2 maxima at intermediate depth could be the result of a transient situation instead of an equilibrium one.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapp, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LITTER PRODUCTION AND MINERAL ELEMENT SUPPLY TO SOIL IN 2 MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEMS - QUERCUS-ILEX FOREST AND QUERCUS-COCCIFERA GARRIGUE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OECOLOGIA PLANTARUM</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LITTER PRODUCTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">minerals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus coccifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1969</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">377--&amp;</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record></records></xml>