Modeling and forecasting MODIS-based Fire Potential Index on a pixel basis using time series models

The aim of this research was to model and forecast MODIS-based Fire Potential Index (FPI), implemented with Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), as a proxy of forest fire risk, in Navarre (Spain) on a pixel basis using time series models with a forecasting horizon of one year. We forecast FPINDWI for 2009 based on time series from 2001 to 2008. In the modeling process, the Box and Jenkins methodology was applied in two consecutive stages. First, several generic models based on average FPINDWI time series from different “fuel type-ecoregion” combinations were developed. In a second stage, the generic models were implemented at the pixel level for the entire study region. The usefulness of the proposed autoregressive (AR) model, using the original data and introducing significant seasonal AR parameters, was demonstrated. Results show that 93.18% of the estimated models (EMs) are highly accurate and present good fore- casting ability, precisely reproducing the original FPINDWI dynamics. Best results were found in the Mediterranean areas dominated by grasslands; slightly lower accuracies were found in the temperate and alpine regions, and especially in the transition areas between them and the Mediterranean region